Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/halmëh

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Borrowed either from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian salms, Lithuanian želmuo), or from Proto-Germanic *halmaz.

Noun

*halmëh

1. swidden being cultivated

Inflection

Inflection of *halmëh

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*halmëh	*halmëhët
accusative		*halmëhën	*halmëhët
genitive		*halmëhën	*halmëhtën *halmëhidën
partitive		*halmëhta	*halmëhita
inessive		*halmëhëssa *halmëhëhna	*halmëhissa *halmëhihna
elative		*halmëhësta	*halmëhista
illative		*halmëhësën	*halmëhisën
adessive		*halmëhëlla	*halmëhilla
ablative		*halmëhëlta	*halmëhilta
allative		*halmëhëlën *halmëhëlëk	*halmëhilën *halmëhilëk
essive		*halmëhëna	*halmëhina
translative		*halmëhëksi	*halmëhiksi
instructive		*halmëhën	*halmëhin
comitative		*halmëhënëk	*halmëhinëk
abessive		*halmëhëtta	*halmëhitta

Coordinate terms

• *aho (“abandoned swidden”)
• *hukta (“burnt swidden”)
• *kaski (“swidden”)
• *rasi (“unburned swidden”)

Descendants

• Estonian: ale
• Finnish: halme
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: halmeh
  • South Karelian: halmeh
• Livvi: halmeh
• Ludian: halmeh
• Veps: haumeh, haumez

Further reading

• “ale”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “halme”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN