Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/beuganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend”). Cognate with Sanskrit भुजति (bhujáti, “to bend, curve”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbeu̯.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*beuganą

1. to bend, bow

Inflection

Conjugation of *beuganą (strong class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*beugō	*beugaų	—	*beugai	?
2nd singular	*biugizi	*beugaiz	*beug	*beugazai	*beugaizau
3rd singular	*biugidi	*beugai	*beugadau	*beugadai	*beugaidau
1st dual	*beugōz	*beugaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*beugadiz	*beugaidiz	*beugadiz	—	—
1st plural	*beugamaz	*beugaim	—	*beugandai	*beugaindau
2nd plural	*biugid	*beugaid	*biugid	*beugandai	*beugaindau
3rd plural	*beugandi	*beugain	*beugandau	*beugandai	*beugaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*baug	*bugį̄
2nd singular	*bauht	*bugīz
3rd singular	*baug	*bugī
1st dual	*bugū	*bugīw
2nd dual	*bugudiz	*bugīdiz
1st plural	*bugum	*bugīm
2nd plural	*bugud	*bugīd
3rd plural	*bugun	*bugīn
	present	past
participles	*beugandz	*buganaz

Alternative forms

• *būganą

Derived terms

• *baugijaną
• *buhtiz

Related terms

• *baugaz
• *beugaz
• *bugiz
• *bugô
• *bukkōną
• *gubjaną (possibly)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *beugan
  • Old English: būgan
    • Middle English: bowen, bouȝen, buȝen, bouwen, buwen, bowe
      • English: (to) bow
      • Scots: boo
  • Old Saxon: būgan
    • Middle Low German: būgen
      • Low German: bugen
  • Old Dutch: *būgan
    • Middle Dutch: bugen
      • Dutch: buigen
      • Limburgish: buge
  • Old High German: biogan
    • Middle High German: biegen
      • German: biegen
      • Luxembourgish: béien
• Old Norse: bjúga, búga
  • Swedish: buga
  • Norwegian: bue
  • Danish: bue
• Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (biugan)