Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frijōndz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Present participle of *frijōną, equivalent to *frijōną +‎ *-ndz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸri.jɔːndz/

Noun

*frijōndz m

1. friend, loved one

   Synonym: *winiz

   Antonym: *fijandz

Inflection

consonant stemDeclension of *frijōndz (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*frijōndz	*frijōndiz
vocative	*frijōnd	*frijōndiz
accusative	*frijōndų	*frijōndunz
genitive	*frijōndiz	*frijōndǫ̂
dative	*frijōndi	*frijōndumaz
instrumental	*frijōndē	*frijōndumiz

Derived terms

• *frijōndlīkaz

Related terms

• *frijōniz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *friund
  • Old English: frēond, frīond — Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish
    • Middle English: frend, frende, freond, friend, vrend, freend, frond, frund, freind, freynde, vryend, frind
      • English: friend (see there for further descendants)
      • Scots: freend, frende, freynd, freind
      • Yola: vriene, friend
      • → Welsh: ffrind
  • Old Frisian: friūnd, friōnd
    • Saterland Frisian: Früünd, Fjund
    • West Frisian: freon
  • Old Saxon: friund
    • Middle Low German: vrint, vrünt, vrent
      • German Low German: Fründ, Frund, Frönd
      • Plautdietsch: Frint
      • → Old Swedish: frynt, frynd
        • Swedish: frynt (obsolete)
  • Old Dutch: friunt, friund
    • Middle Dutch: vrient
      • Dutch: vriend, vrind
        • Afrikaans: vriend
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: frindi
        • Javindo: friend
        • Jersey Dutch: vrînt
        • Negerhollands: vriend, vrient
        • Petjo: pring (archaic)
      • Limburgish: vröndj
  • Old High German: friunt
    • Middle High German: vriunt
      • Alemannic German: Fründ
      • Bavarian: Freind
      • Cimbrian: vròint, bròint (Mezzaselva)
      • Central Franconian: Frönd, Frend, Frind (Moselle Franconian), Frönk (Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects), Fründ (Kölsch)
        • Hunsrik: Freind
        • Luxembourgish: Frënd
      • German: Freund
      • Vilamovian: frajnd
      • Volhynian German: Freind
      • Yiddish: פֿרײַנד (fraynd)
• Proto-Norse:
  • Old Norse: fríandi, frjándi, frændi
    • Icelandic: frændi
    • Faroese: frændi
    • Norn: frend
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: frende
    • Old Swedish: frænde
      • Swedish: frände
    • Danish: frænde
      • Norwegian Bokmål: frende
• Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (frijōnds)