Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nīþą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *néyHto- or *níHto-, from Proto-Indo-European *neyH- (“to be angry”). Related to Old Irish níth (“battle, fury”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈniː.θɑ̃/

Noun

*nīþą n

1. hate, envy, malice

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *nīþą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*nīþą	*nīþō
vocative	*nīþą	*nīþō
accusative	*nīþą	*nīþō
genitive	*nīþas, *nīþis	*nīþǫ̂
dative	*nīþai	*nīþamaz
instrumental	*nīþō	*nīþamiz

Related terms

• *nīþijaną
• *nīþingaz (“wicked person”)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *nīþ
  • Old English: nīþ, nīð
    • Middle English: nith, nithe, niþ, nuþ, nyth, nyþe, nið, nuð (Early Middle English)
  • Old Frisian: nīth, nīd
    • Saterland Frisian: Nied
    • West Frisian: niid
  • Old Saxon: nīth
    • Middle Low German: nît
      • German Low German: Nied
  • Old Dutch: nīth
    • Middle Dutch: nijt
      • Dutch: nijd
        • Afrikaans: nyd
        • Negerhollands: neid
  • Old High German: nīd
    • Middle High German: nīt
      • German: Neid
      • Luxembourgish: Näid
• Old Norse: níð
  • Icelandic: níð
  • Old Swedish: niþ, nidh (later)
    • Swedish: nid
  • Danish: nid
• Gothic: 𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 (neiþ)