assalir

Occitan

Alternative forms

• assalhir

Etymology

From Late Latin assalīre.

Verb

assalir

1. to assail (attack by surprise)

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Old French

Alternative forms

• assaillir, essaillir, aissellir, asseillir (palatalized)
• assaudre (change in verb class)
• asalir (alt. spelling)

Etymology

From Late Latin assalīre.

The palatalized variants listed above reflect an extension of /ʎ/ from the 1SG form assail < Latin assaliō.

Verb

assalir

1. to jump on
2. to attack; to assault
   • c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:

     Rogier li viel, cil de Belmont
     Assalt Engleis el primier front

     Roger the aged, the one from Belmont
     Attacked some Englishmen of the first line

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of assalir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		assalir			avoir assali, assailli
gerund		en assalant, assaillant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		assalant, assaillant
past participle		assali, assailli
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	assail	assaus	assaut	assalons, assaillons	assalez, assailliez	assalent, assaillent
	imperfect	assaloie, assaleie, assailloie, assailleie	assaloies, assaleies, assailloies, assailleies	assaloit, assaleit, assailloit, assailleit	assaliiens, assaliens, assailliiens, assailliens	assaliiez, assaliez, assailliiez, assailliez	assaloient, assaleient, assailloient, assailleient
	preterite	assali, assailli	assalis, assaillis	assali, assailli	assalimes, assaillimes	assalistes, assaillistes	assalirent, assaillirent
	future	assaudrai	assaudras	assaudra	assaudrons	assaudroiz, assaudreiz, assaudrez	assaudront
	conditional	assaudroie, assaudreie	assaudroies, assaudreies	assaudroit, assaudreit	assaudriiens, assaudriens	assaudriiez, assaudriez	assaudroient, assaudreient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	assaille	assailles	assaille	assailliens, assaillons	assailliez	assaillent
	imperfect	assaillise	assaillises	assaillit	assaillisons, assaillisiens	assaillisoiz, assaillisez, assaillisiez	assaillisent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	assail	—	assalons, assaillons	assalez, assailliez	—

Descendants

• French: assaillir
• Norman: assailli
• → Middle English: assailen, assaillen, assaille, assaylle, asailen, assaile, assayle, saile, sayll, saylen, sailen, saillen, sayle, seællen, a-sayle
  • English: assail
  • Scots: assail, assailzie

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*assalīre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 25: Refonte Apaideutos–Azymus, page 503