barn

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See also: Barn and Bärn

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
A barn (farm building) in Lithuania

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English barn, bern, bærn, from Old English bearn, bern, contracted forms of Old English berern, bereærn (“barn, granary”), compound of bere (“barley”) and ærn, ræn (“dwelling, barn”), from Proto-West Germanic *raʀn, from Proto-Germanic *razną (compare Old Norse rann), from pre-Germanic *h₁rh̥₁-s-nó-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erh₁- (“to rest”).

More at rest and barley.

For the use as a unit of surface area, see w:Barn (unit) § Etymology.

Noun

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

barn (plural barns)

  1. (agriculture) A building, often found on a farm, used for storage or keeping animals such as cattle.
  2. (nuclear physics) A unit of surface area equal to 10−28 square metres.
  3. (informal, basketball, ice hockey) An arena.
    Maple Leaf Gardens was a grand old barn.
  4. (slang) A warm and cozy place, especially a bedroom; a roost.
Derived terms
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Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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barn (third-person singular simple present barns, present participle barning, simple past and past participle barned)

  1. (transitive) To lay up in a barn.
    Synonym: (obsolete) imbarn
    • 1594, William Shakespeare, Lucrece (First Quarto), London: […] Richard Field, for Iohn Harrison, […], →OCLC, line 859:
      But like still-pining Tantalus he sits / And useless barns the harvest of his wits
    • 1645, Thomas Fuller, Good Thoughts in Bad Times; Good Thoughts in Worse Times; Mixt Contemplations in Better Times, published 1863, page 165:
      Hypocrites, in like manner, so act holiness that they pass for saints before men, whose censures often barn up the chaff, and burn up the grain.

Etymology 2

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From Middle English barn, bern, from Old English bearn (“child, son, offspring, progeny”) and Old Norse barn (“child”). Doublet of bairn. Cognate to Frisian bern ("child/children"), Middle Dutch baren (“child”).

Noun

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barn (plural barns)

  1. (dialect, parts of Northern England) A child.
Synonyms
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Translations
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References

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Anagrams

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Breton

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Etymology

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From Proto-Celtic *barnati (“proclaim”). Cognate with Cornish barna.

Verb

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barn

  1. (transitive) To judge.

Inflection

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  Mutation of barn  
Breton consonant mutation
unmutated soft aspirate hard mixed
barn varn unchanged parn varn

Conjugation

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Conjugation of barn
Personal forms
Indicative Conditional Imperative
Present Imperfect Preterite Future Present Imperfect
1s barnan barnen barnis barnin barnfen barnjen -
2s barnez barnes barnjout barni barnfes barnjes barn
3s barn barne barnas barno barnfe barnje barnet
1p barnomp barnemp barnjomp barnimp barnfemp barnjemp barnomp
2p barnit barnec'h barnjoc'h barnot barnfec'h barnjec'h barnit
3p barnont barnent barnjont barnint barnfent barnjent barnent
0 barner barned barnjod barnor barnfed barnjed -
Impersonal forms Mutated forms
Infinitive barn Soft mutation after a a varn-
Present participle o varn Mixed mutation after e e varn-
Past participle barnet (auxiliary verb: kaout) Soft mutation after ne/na ne/na varn-

Derived terms

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Danish

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Etymology

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From Old Danish barn, from Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną. Compare English bairn.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /barn/, /b̥ɑːˀn/, [pɑ̈ˀn]

Noun

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barn n (singular definite barnet, plural indefinite børn)

  1. child (immature human)
    Dette er ikke et passende sted for børn.
    This is not a fitting place for children.
  2. child (human offspring)
    Mine børn er alle flyttet hjemmefra.
    My children have all moved out.

Usage notes

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In compounds: barn-, barne-, barns- or børne-.

Declension

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Declension of barn
neuter
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative barn barnet børn børnene
genitive barns barnets børns børnenes

Derived terms

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References

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Faroese

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Etymology

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From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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barn n (genitive singular barns, plural børn)

  1. child

Declension

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Declension of barn
n5 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative barn barnið børn børnini
accusative barn barnið børn børnini
dative barni barninum børnum børnunum
genitive barns barnsins barna barnanna

French

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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barn m (plural barns)

  1. (physics) barn (unit)

Gothic

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Romanization

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barn

  1. Romanization of 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽

Icelandic

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Etymology

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From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈpartn̥], (colloquial) [ˈpatn̥], (southeastern) [ˈparn]
  • Rhymes: -artn, -atn

Noun

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barn n (genitive singular barns, nominative plural börn)

  1. child

Declension

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    Declension of barn
n-s singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative barn barnið börn börnin
accusative barn barnið börn börnin
dative barni barninu börnum börnunum
genitive barns barnsins barna barnanna

Derived terms

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Italian

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English barn.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈbarn/
  • Rhymes: -arn
  • Hyphenation: bàrn

Noun

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barn m (invariable)

  1. (nuclear physics) barn (a unit of surface area)

Further reading

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  • barn in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old English bearn, from Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /barn/, /baːrn/, /bɛrn/

Noun

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barn (plural barnes or barnen)

  2. A member of one's immediate offspring or progeny.
  3. A child, youth, or baby.
    • c. 1335-1361, William of Palerne (MS. King's College 13), folio 6, recto, lines 198-199; republished as W. W. Skeat, editor, The Romance of William of Palerne‎[1], London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1867, →OCLC, page 12:
      Hit tidde after on a time · as tellus our bokes / as þis bold barn his beſtes · blybeliche keped […]
      Afterwards, as our books record, it happened one day that / while this brave child was peacefully looking after his animals […]
  4. A person; a member of humanity.
  5. A younger soldier or fighter.
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Descendants
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  • English: barn (obsolete, dialectal)
  • Geordie English: bairn
  • Scots: bairn
  • Yola: barrn
References
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Etymology 2

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Noun

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barn

  2. Alternative form of bern (“barn”)

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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From Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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barn n (definite singular barnet, indefinite plural barn, definite plural barna or barnene)

  1. child

Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”). The plural form born is from the Old Norse u-umlauted form bǫrn. This umlaut can also be seen in Icelandic börn and Danish and Faroese børn.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /baːrn/, /baːɳ/
  • (palatal N) IPA(key): /baːɲ/ (Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)

Noun

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barn n (definite singular barnet, indefinite plural barn or born, definite plural barna or borna)

  1. child

Inflection

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Historical inflection of barn
indefinite singular definite singular indefinite plural definite plural
Aasen1 Barn Barnet Born Borni
1901 barnet (barne)
1917 barnet borna, borni
1938 borna [borni]
1959 barn, born barna [barni]; borna [borni]
2012 (current) barn barnet barn, born barna, borna

Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century.

Derived terms

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  • bera (“to bear, carry”, verb)

References

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Old Danish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Noun

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barn n (genitive barns, plural børn)

  1. child

Descendants

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Old English

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Verb

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barn

  1. first/third-person singular preterite of beirnan

Old High German

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, whence also Old Saxon barn, Old English bearn, Old Norse barn.

Noun

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barn n

  1. child

Declension

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Declension of barn (neuter a-stem)
case singular plural
nominative barn barn
accusative barn barn
genitive barnes barno
dative barne barnum
instrumental barnu —

Old Norse

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

Noun

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barn n (genitive barns, plural bǫrn)

  1. child

Declension

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  Declension of barn (strong a-stem)
neuter singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative barn barnit bǫrn bǫrnin
accusative barn barnit bǫrn bǫrnin
dative barni barninu bǫrnum bǫrnunum
genitive barns barnsins barna barnanna

Descendants

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References

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  • “barn”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, whence also Old English bearn, Old High German barn, Old Norse barn.

Noun

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barn n

  1. child

Declension

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Declension of barn (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative barn barn
accusative barn barn
genitive barnes barnō
dative barne barnun
instrumental — —


Old Swedish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Noun

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barn n

  1. child

Declension

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Declension of barn (strong a-stem)
neuter singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative barn barnit barn barnin
accusative barn barnit barn barnin
dative barni, barne barninu, barneno barnum, barnom barnumin, barnomen
genitive barns barnsins barna barnanna

Descendants

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Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

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Borrowed from English barn.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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barn m inan

  1. (nuclear physics) barn (unit of surface area equal to 10−28 square metres)

Declension

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Declension of barn
singular plural
nominative barn barny
genitive barnu barnów
dative barnowi barnom
accusative barn barny
instrumental barnem barnami
locative barnie barnach
vocative barnie barny

Further reading

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  • barn in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Spanish

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Noun

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barn m (plural barns)

  1. (physics) barn

Further reading

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Swedish

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Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

Etymology

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From Old Swedish barn (“child”), from Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. Cognate with Danish barn, Icelandic barn, Old Saxon barn, Old High German barn, Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“worker”) and bernẽlis (“lad”), a kind of participle to bära (“to bear, to carry, as in childbirth”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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barn n

  1. a child (young person)
    Barnen leker
    The children are playing
    Han är bara ett barn / Han är bara barnet
    He is only a child ("Bara vara barnet" (literally, "only be the child") is an alternative way to express the same thing)
    barn och vuxna
    children and adults
  2. a child (son or daughter)
    Du är mitt barn
    You are my child
    adoptivbarn
    adopted children
  3. (figuratively) a child (descendant, indirectly, for example in religious contexts)
  4. (figuratively) a child (follower, like above)
    Guds barn
    God's children
  5. (figuratively) a child (someone's creation or the like)
  6. (uncountable) barn (a unit of area in nuclear physics)

Declension

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Declension of barn
nominative genitive
singular indefinite barn barns
definite barnet barnets
plural indefinite barn barns
definite barnen barnens
Declension of barn (dialectal)
nominative genitive
singular indefinite barn barns
definite barne barnes
plural indefinite barn barns
definite barna barnas

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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See also

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References

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Welsh

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Etymology

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From Proto-Celtic *barnati from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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barn f (plural barnau)

  1. opinion, view
  2. judgement, sentence

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
barn farn marn unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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