brotar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Gothic *𐌱𐍂𐌿𐍄𐍉𐌽 (*brutōn). Compare Occitan brotar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [bɾuˈta]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [bɾoˈta]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [bɾoˈtaɾ]
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
• Homophone: brotà

Verb

brotar (first-person singular present broto, first-person singular preterite brotí, past participle brotat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /o/

1. to sprout

Conjugation

    Conjugation of brotar (first conjugation)

infinitive			brotar
gerund			brotant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		brotat		brotada
		plural		brotats		brotades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	broto	brotes	brota	brotem	broteu	broten
	imperfect	brotava	brotaves	brotava	brotàvem	brotàveu	brotaven
	future	brotaré	brotaràs	brotarà	brotarem	brotareu	brotaran
	preterite	brotí	brotares	brotà	brotàrem	brotàreu	brotaren
	conditional	brotaria	brotaries	brotaria	brotaríem	brotaríeu	brotarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	broti	brotis	broti	brotem	broteu	brotin
	imperfect	brotés	brotessis	brotés	brotéssim	brotéssiu	brotessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	brota	broti	brotem	broteu	brotin
	negative (no)	—	no brotis	no broti	no brotem	no broteu	no brotin

Derived terms

• brotada

Related terms

• brot
• rebrotar

Further reading

• “brotar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology

Ultimately from Gothic *𐌱𐍂𐌿𐍄𐍉𐌽 (*brutōn). Cognate with Middle High German brozzen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɾɔˈtaɾ]

Verb

brotar (first-person singular present broto, first-person singular preterite brotei, past participle brotado)

1. to bud, to sprout

   Synonyms: agromar, rebentar, xenar, xermolar

2. to surge, gush, spring

   Synonyms: abrollar, xurdir

Conjugation

    Conjugation of brotar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	brotar
Personal	brotar	brotares	brotar	brotarmos	brotardes	brotaren
Gerund
	brotando
Past participle
Masculine	brotado			brotados
Feminine	brotada			brotadas
Indicative
Present	broto	brotas	brota	brotamos	brotades	brotan
Imperfect	brotaba	brotabas	brotaba	brotabamos	brotabades	brotaban
Preterite	brotei	brotaches	brotou	brotamos	brotastes	brotaron
Pluperfect	brotara	brotaras	brotara	brotaramos	brotarades	brotaran
Future	brotarei	brotarás	brotará	brotaremos	brotaredes	brotarán
Conditional	brotaría	brotarías	brotaría	brotariamos	brotariades	brotarían
Subjunctive
Present	brote	brotes	brote	brotemos	brotedes	broten
Imperfect	brotase	brotases	brotase	brotásemos	brotásedes	brotasen
Future	brotar	brotares	brotar	brotarmos	brotardes	brotaren
Imperative
Affirmative		brota	brote	brotemos	brotade	broten
Negative (non)		non brotes	non brote	non brotemos	non brotedes	non broten

    Reintegrated conjugation of brotar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	brotar
Personal	brotar	brotares	brotar	brotarmos	brotardes	brotarem
Gerund
	brotando
Past participle
Masculine	brotado			brotados
Feminine	brotada			brotadas
Indicative
Present	broto	brotas	brota	brotamos	brotades, brotais	brotam
Imperfect	brotava	brotavas	brotava	brotávamos	brotávades, brotáveis, brotávais1	brotavam
Preterite	brotei	brotaste, brotache1	brotou	brotamos	brotastes	brotárom, brotaram
Pluperfect	brotara	brotaras	brotara	brotáramos	brotárades, brotáreis, brotárais1	brotaram
Future	brotarei	brotarás	brotará	brotaremos	brotaredes, brotareis	brotarám, brotarão
Conditional	brotaria	brotarias	brotaria	brotaríamos	brotaríades, brotaríeis, brotaríais1	brotariam
Subjunctive
Present	brote	brotes	brote	brotemos	brotedes, broteis	brotem
Imperfect	brotasse	brotasses	brotasse	brotássemos	brotássedes, brotásseis	brotassem
Future	brotar	brotares	brotar	brotarmos	brotardes	brotarem
Imperative
Affirmative		brota	brote	brotemos	brotade, brotai	brotem
Negative (nom)		nom brotes	nom brote	nom brotemos	nom brotedes, nom broteis	nom brotem

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• brote
• brotón

 

Further reading

• “brotar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• “brotar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

References

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “brotar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “brotar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “brotar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Occitan brotar, from Gothic *𐌱𐍂𐌿𐍄𐍉𐌽 (*brutōn).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /bɾoˈta(ʁ)/ [bɾoˈta(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /bɾoˈta(ʁ)/ [bɾoˈta(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /bɾoˈta(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /bɾoˈta(ʁ)/ [bɾoˈta(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /bɾoˈta(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /bɾuˈtaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /bɾuˈtaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /bɾuˈta.ɾi/

Verb

brotar (first-person singular present broto, first-person singular preterite brotei, past participle brotado)

1. to bud, sprout
2. (Brazil, informal) to appear at a specific place

Conjugation

    Conjugation of brotar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	brotar
Personal	brotar	brotares	brotar	brotarmos	brotardes	brotarem
Gerund
	brotando
Past participle
Masculine	brotado			brotados
Feminine	brotada			brotadas
Indicative
Present	broto	brotas	brota	brotamos	brotais	brotam
Imperfect	brotava	brotavas	brotava	brotávamos	brotáveis	brotavam
Preterite	brotei	brotaste	brotou	brotamos1, brotámos2	brotastes	brotaram
Pluperfect	brotara	brotaras	brotara	brotáramos	brotáreis	brotaram
Future	brotarei	brotarás	brotará	brotaremos	brotareis	brotarão
Conditional	brotaria	brotarias	brotaria	brotaríamos	brotaríeis	brotariam
Subjunctive
Present	brote	brotes	brote	brotemos	broteis	brotem
Imperfect	brotasse	brotasses	brotasse	brotássemos	brotásseis	brotassem
Future	brotar	brotares	brotar	brotarmos	brotardes	brotarem
Imperative
Affirmative		brota	brote	brotemos	brotai	brotem
Negative (não)		não brotes	não brote	não brotemos	não broteis	não brotem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• broto

Further reading

• “brotar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024

Spanish

Etymology

From brote (“sprout”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɾoˈtaɾ/ [bɾoˈt̪aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: bro‧tar

Verb

brotar (first-person singular present broto, first-person singular preterite broté, past participle brotado)

1. to bud or sprout, to spring, spring up
   • 2020 July 16, “Otros 16 discos del rock español de los ochenta que hay que escuchar una y otra vez”, in El País‎^[1]:

     Brotaron las compañías independientes, las multinacionales se lanzaron a fichar grupos de jóvenes que antes despreciaban, comenzaron las primeras giras grandes, el dinero público de las fiestas se destinaba a contratar a rockeros.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of brotar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			brotar
gerund			brotando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		brotado		brotada
		plural		brotados		brotadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	broto	brotastú brotásvos	brota	brotamos	brotáis	brotan
	imperfect	brotaba	brotabas	brotaba	brotábamos	brotabais	brotaban
	preterite	broté	brotaste	brotó	brotamos	brotasteis	brotaron
	future	brotaré	brotarás	brotará	brotaremos	brotaréis	brotarán
	conditional	brotaría	brotarías	brotaría	brotaríamos	brotaríais	brotarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	brote	brotestú brotésvos2	brote	brotemos	brotéis	broten
	imperfect (ra)	brotara	brotaras	brotara	brotáramos	brotarais	brotaran
	imperfect (se)	brotase	brotases	brotase	brotásemos	brotaseis	brotasen
	future1	brotare	brotares	brotare	brotáremos	brotareis	brotaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		brotatú brotávos	brote	brotemos	brotad	broten
	negative		no brotes	no brote	no brotemos	no brotéis	no broten

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of brotar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive brotar
	dative	brotarme	brotarte	brotarle, brotarse	brotarnos	brotaros	brotarles, brotarse
	accusative	brotarme	brotarte	brotarlo, brotarla, brotarse	brotarnos	brotaros	brotarlos, brotarlas, brotarse
with gerund brotando
	dative	brotándome	brotándote	brotándole, brotándose	brotándonos	brotándoos	brotándoles, brotándose
	accusative	brotándome	brotándote	brotándolo, brotándola, brotándose	brotándonos	brotándoos	brotándolos, brotándolas, brotándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative brota
	dative	brótame	brótate	brótale	brótanos	not used	brótales
	accusative	brótame	brótate	brótalo, brótala	brótanos	not used	brótalos, brótalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative brotá
	dative	brotame	brotate	brotale	brotanos	not used	brotales
	accusative	brotame	brotate	brotalo, brotala	brotanos	not used	brotalos, brotalas
with formal second-person singular imperative brote
	dative	bróteme	not used	brótele, brótese	brótenos	not used	bróteles
	accusative	bróteme	not used	brótelo, brótela, brótese	brótenos	not used	brótelos, brótelas
with first-person plural imperative brotemos
	dative	not used	brotémoste	brotémosle	brotémonos	brotémoos	brotémosles
	accusative	not used	brotémoste	brotémoslo, brotémosla	brotémonos	brotémoos	brotémoslos, brotémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative brotad
	dative	brotadme	not used	brotadle	brotadnos	brotaos	brotadles
	accusative	brotadme	not used	brotadlo, brotadla	brotadnos	brotaos	brotadlos, brotadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative broten
	dative	brótenme	not used	brótenle	brótennos	not used	brótenles, brótense
	accusative	brótenme	not used	brótenlo, brótenla	brótennos	not used	brótenlos, brótenlas, brótense

Derived terms

• brotación

 

Related terms

• brote

 

Further reading

• “brotar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28