emprunter
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French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle French emprunter, from Old French emprunter, from Early Medieval Latin imprūntāre, from Vulgar Latin *imprūmūtāre, modified from Early Medieval Latin imprōmūtuāre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]emprunter
- to borrow (~ à (“from”))
- Antonym: prêter
- J’ai emprunté un livre à la bibliothèque. ― I borrowed a book from the library.
- to take, to follow
- emprunter un chemin ― follow a path
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of emprunter (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | emprunter | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | empruntant /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | emprunté /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.te/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | emprunte /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
empruntes /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
emprunte /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
empruntons /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɔ̃/ |
empruntez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.te/ |
empruntent /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
imperfect | empruntais /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɛ/ |
empruntais /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɛ/ |
empruntait /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɛ/ |
empruntions /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tjɔ̃/ |
empruntiez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tje/ |
empruntaient /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɛ/ | |
past historic2 | empruntai /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.te/ |
empruntas /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.ta/ |
emprunta /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.ta/ |
empruntâmes /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tam/ |
empruntâtes /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tat/ |
empruntèrent /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɛʁ/ | |
future | emprunterai /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁe/ |
emprunteras /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁa/ |
empruntera /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁa/ |
emprunterons /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɔ̃/ |
emprunterez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁe/ |
emprunteront /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | emprunterais /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɛ/ |
emprunterais /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɛ/ |
emprunterait /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɛ/ |
emprunterions /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
emprunteriez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tə.ʁje/ |
emprunteraient /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | emprunte /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
empruntes /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
emprunte /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
empruntions /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tjɔ̃/ |
empruntiez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tje/ |
empruntent /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
imperfect2 | empruntasse /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tas/ |
empruntasses /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tas/ |
empruntât /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.ta/ |
empruntassions /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
empruntassiez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.ta.sje/ |
empruntassent /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | emprunte /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
— | empruntons /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɔ̃/ |
empruntez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.te/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “emprunter”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French emprunter.
Verb
[edit]emprunter
- to borrow
Conjugation
[edit]- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of emprunter
infinitive | simple | emprunter | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | empruntant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past participle | emprunté | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | emprunte | empruntes | emprunte | empruntons | empruntez | empruntent |
imperfect | empruntois, empruntoys | empruntois, empruntoys | empruntoit, empruntoyt | empruntions, empruntyons | empruntiez, empruntyez | empruntoient, empruntoyent | |
past historic | emprunta | empruntas | emprunta | empruntasmes | empruntastes | emprunterent | |
future | emprunterai, emprunteray | emprunteras | empruntera | emprunterons | emprunterez | emprunteront | |
conditional | emprunterois, emprunteroys | emprunterois, emprunteroys | emprunteroit, emprunteroyt | emprunterions, emprunteryons | emprunteriez, emprunteryez | emprunteroient, emprunteroyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | emprunte | empruntes | emprunte | empruntons | empruntez | empruntent |
imperfect | empruntasse | empruntasses | empruntast | empruntassions | empruntassiez | empruntassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | emprunte | — | empruntons | empruntez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
Descendants
[edit]- French: emprunter
Norman
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French emprunter, from Vulgar Latin *imprūmūtāre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]emprunter
Antonyms
[edit]- prêter (“to lend”)
Derived terms
[edit]- emprunt (“loan”)
- emprunteux (“borrower”)
Old French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Early Medieval Latin imprūntāre, from Vulgar Latin *imprūmūtāre.
Verb
[edit]emprunter
- to borrow
Descendants
[edit]- Middle French: emprunter
- French: emprunter
- Norman: emprunter
- → Italian: improntare
Categories:
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- French terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- French 3-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French terms with usage examples
- French verbs with conjugation -er
- French first group verbs
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Middle French first group verbs
- Norman terms inherited from Old French
- Norman terms derived from Old French
- Norman terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Norman terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Norman terms with audio links
- Norman lemmas
- Norman verbs
- Jersey Norman
- Old French terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- Old French terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs