Jump to content

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
U+5730, 地
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5730

[U+572F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5731]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 32, +3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土心木 (GPD), four-corner 44112, composition )

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 224, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4890
  • Dae Jaweon: page 456, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 420, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5730

Chinese

[edit]
trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Shizhoupian script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *l'els) : semantic (earth) + phonetic (OC *laːlʔ).

Etymology 1

[edit]

Compare Tibetan གཞི (gzhi, ground), Burmese မ္လိယ် (ma.liy) (whence Burmese မြေ (mre, earth; ground)) (Hill, 2019).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Schuessler 2007

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note: deng6 - usually written as .
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • tōe - vernacular;
    • tē - literary.
  • Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
    • tē/tōe/tǒe/tēre - literary.
  • Other readings:
    • tī - vernacular (may be considered literary, only used in 土地公).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ti⁵¹/
Harbin /ti⁵³/
Tianjin /ti⁵³/
Jinan /ti²¹/
Qingdao /ti⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ti³¹²/
Xi'an /ti⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sz̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /ti¹³/
Lanzhou /ti¹³/
Ürümqi /ti²¹³/
Wuhan /ti³⁵/
Chengdu /ti¹³/
Guiyang /ti²¹³/
Kunming /ti²¹²/
Nanjing /ti⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ti⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ti³⁵/
Hohhot /ti⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /di²³/
Suzhou /di³¹/
Hangzhou /di¹³/
Wenzhou /dei²²/
Hui Shexian /tʰi²²/
Tunxi /tʰi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ti⁵⁵/
/ti¹¹/
Xiangtan /di²¹/
Gan Nanchang /tʰi²¹/
Hakka Meixian /tʰi⁵³/
Taoyuan /tʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tei²²/
Nanning /ti²²/
Hong Kong /tei²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ti²²/
/te²²/ ~理
/tue²²/ 土~
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tɛi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ti⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ti³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdi³⁵/
/ʔdi³³/
/ʔdi²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (7)
Final () (15)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter dijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/diɪH/
Pan
Wuyun
/diH/
Shao
Rongfen
/djɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/diH/
Li
Rong
/diH/
Wang
Li
/diH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/dʱiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dei6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ dijH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[l]ˁej-s/
English earth, ground

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 14808
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l'els/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. earth
      ―  tiān  ―  heaven and earth
  2. ground; floor
    水泥  ―  shuǐní   ―  concrete floor
    [MSC, trad.]
    [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè pǐ mǎ dǎo zài shang. [Pinyin]
    The horse collapsed to the ground.
    銀包 [Cantonese, trad.]
    银包 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngan4 baau1 dit3 zo2 lok6 dei6. [Jyutping]
    The wallet fell on the ground.
    [Cantonese]  ―  paa1 hai2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to lie on the floor on one's stomach
  3. land; field (Classifier: m c;  c;  c)
      ―    ―  lowland
    [Cantonese]  ―  nei1 faai3 dei6 [Jyutping]  ―  this plot of land
  4. distance; separation
    車站 [MSC, trad.]
    车站 [MSC, simp.]
    Chēzhàn lí zhè sān lǐ . [Pinyin]
    The bus stop is three miles away.
  5. farmland; field (Classifier: m c;  c)
    田間田间  ―  tiánjiān tóu  ―  farmland
    幹活干活  ―  xià gànhuó  ―  to farm
  6. (only in compounds) area; region
      ―  běn  ―  local
    殖民  ―  zhímín  ―  colony
  7. place; locality
      ―  chǔ  ―  located in
    目的  ―  mùde  ―  destination
    分居分居  ―  fēnjū liǎng   ―  to live apart in two different places
  8. status; situation; position
    不敗之不败之  ―  bùbàizhī  ―  invincible position
    設身處设身处  ―  shèshēnchǔ  ―  put oneself in somebody else’s position
  9. (only in compounds) state of mind
      ―  xīn  ―  mind
      ―  jiàn  ―  perspective, opinion
  10. place; room; space
      ―  Jiā lǐ méi r le.  ―  There is no room in my home (for that).
  11. background (behind a text or figure)
    黑字  ―  báihēizì  ―  black characters on a white background
  12. (electronics) GND
      ―    ―  floating ground
  13. (only in compounds) Short for 地球 (Dìqiú, “Earth”).
    距離距离  ―  rì jùlí  ―  Earth–Sun distance
    行星行星  ―  lèi xíngxīng  ―  terrestrial planet
  14. (chiefly Hakka) grave; tomb
      ―  zhàn  ―  Gedi station ( means "frog-shaped tomb")
  15. (Mainland China) Short for 地區地区 (dìqū, “prefecture”).
    級市级市  ―  jíshì  ―  prefecture-level city
Synonyms
[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: () (ji); () (chi)
  • Korean: 지(地) (ji)
  • Vietnamese: địa ()

Others:

Etymology 2

[edit]

Possibly the same word as , the possessive marker (Wang, 1958), but scholars like Lü (1943) and Yuan et al. (1996) are hesitant about this etymology.

Alternatively, Ōta (2003) proposes that it is a grammaticalization of etymology 1. The construction ADJ + would have semantically developed as follows: "a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ manner".

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note: di is used in poetry, songs.
Note:
  • dei6 - literary;
  • dei6-2 - vernacular, only used after reduplicated words.

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (chiefly Mandarin) Particle indicating the preceding word is used as an adverb.
    alt. forms: , obsolete
      ―  hěn kuài de  ―  very quickly
    一個模樣孩子我們蹣跚走來 [MSC, trad.]
    一个模样孩子我们蹒跚走来 [MSC, simp.]
    Yīge yī suì móyàng de háizi xiàng wǒmen pánshān de zǒulái. [Pinyin]
    A roughly one-year-old child came staggering towards us.
    偷偷 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    keoi5 tau1 tau1 dei6-2 zau2 zo2 laa3. [Jyutping]
    He secretly left.
    靜靜喺度 [Cantonese, trad.]
    静静喺度 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 zing6 zing6-2 dei6-2 co5 hai2 dou6 laa3 haa2. [Jyutping]
    Sit here quietly, OK?
Synonyms
[edit]
Usage notes
[edit]
  • The use of this particle is always optional after polysyllabic adverbs.
    非常  ―  fēicháng duǎn  ―  very short
    非常  ―  fēicháng de duǎn  ―  very short
  • On the contrary, monosyllabic adverbs are compulsorily used with or without .
    漂亮  ―  hěn piàoliang  ―  very beautiful (where *很地漂亮 is unacceptable)
    不見不见  ―  shū de bùjiàn  ―  to disappear suddenly (where *倏不見 is unacceptable in Modern Standard Chinese)
  • However, there is an exception:
    回頭回头  ―  měng huítóu  ―  to turn the head back suddenly
    回頭回头  ―  měng de huítóu  ―  to turn the head back suddenly

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to etymology 2?”)

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (Cantonese) Placed after a reduplicated adjective or stative verb to lessen its intensity.
    [Cantonese]  ―  hung4 hung4-2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of red
    [Cantonese]  ―  bok6 bok6-2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of thin
    [Cantonese]  ―  geng1 geng1 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to be kind of scared
    [Cantonese]  ―  ai2 ai2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of short
Usage notes
[edit]
  • This suffix is accompanied by a tone change in the reduplicated word, where the second occurrence is changed to the second tone (unless its original tone is the first or second tone), as seen in the examples above.

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]
trad.
simp. #

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of (place)
  2. (Taiwanese Hokkien) Alternative form of (home)

Etymology 5

[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“Cantonese plurality marker”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. earth; ground

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: (ji, Jōyō) (di, historical)
  • Kan-on: (chi, Jōyō)
  • Kun: つち (tsuchi, )
  • Nanori: どま (doma)

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (dijH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Mandarin .

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

() (ji (di)?

  1. earth, dirt
  2. fabric, cloth
    • いくらか(うす)()には(そう)()なくっても(あつ)いには(きま)ってる。
      Ikura ka usui ji ni wa sōi nakutte mo atsui ni wa kimatteru.
      However thin the cloth, flannel is flannel and must have been pretty warm at that time of the year.
  3. (go) territory

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (dijH). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. The devoicing of the initial consonant might indicate a dialectal source. Compare modern Hakka thi, Min Nan .

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

() (chi

  1. earth, land, ground
  2. a place, a region, a piece of land
  3. territory, dominion
  4. (of a crate, etc.) the bottom
  5. (printing, of a page) the bottom margin
    Antonym:
    Hypernym: マージン

Suffix

[edit]

() (-chi

  1. place, area

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
つち
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
つち1
[noun] earth, soil, mud
[noun] the ground
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

[edit]
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC dijH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 띵〮 (Yale: ttí)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] ᄯᅡ〮 (Yale: stá) 디〮 (Yale: )

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (ttang ji))

  1. hanja form? of (earth; land; ground) [affix]

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

: Hán Việt readings: địa[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: địa[1][2][3][4], đĩa[1][2], gịa[1], đất[2], rịa[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of địa (earth; ground; land).

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]