eu

See also: Appendix:Variations of "eu"

Translingual

Symbol

eu

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Basque.

See also

• Wiktionary's coverage of Basque terms

Aromanian

Pronoun

eu

1. Alternative form of io

Bourguignon

Etymology

From Latin ovum.

Noun

eu m (plural eus)

1. egg

Chuukese

Numeral

eu

1. one

Related terms

• eche
• aewin (ordinal)
• efoch
• efou
• emon
• et

Corsican

Pronoun

eu

1. Alternative form of eiu

References

• “eiu, eo, eu, ghjeu” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

Drehu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eu/

Adverb

eu

1. when

References

• Tyron, D.T., Hackman, B. (1983) Solomon Islands languages: An internal classification. Cited in: "Dehu" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
• Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "ⁿDe’u" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.

French

Etymology

From Middle French eu, from Old French eü, from Vulgar Latin *habūtus, replacing Classical Latin habitus.

The spelling, which contradicts the pronunciation, is because Middle French -eu- besides /ø/ also sometimes represented long /yː/. The latter cases were generally replaced with -û- in Early Modern French, e.g. dû, flûte for Middle French deu, fleute. However, in the case of eu and related forms the spelling û was considered awkward and so the Middle French form was preserved.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /y/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: eue, eues, eus, eut, eût, u (general), us (one pronunciation), hue, huent, hues (aspirated)

Participle

eu (feminine eue, masculine plural eus, feminine plural eues)

1. past participle of avoir

Anagrams

• UE

Galician

Alternative forms

• ieu, i-eu (after a vowel)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese eu, from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈew/, (occasionally) /ˈɛw/, /ˈɪw/, (sandhi) /ˈjew/

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

eu (after a preposition min, accusative me, dative me)

1. I
   • 1399, M. González Garcés, editor, Historia de La Coruña. Edad Media, A Coruña: Caixa Galicia, page 580:

     Saban todos que yeu Fernan Martinez, Clerigo rector da Yglesia de San Thomas da pescaria da Vila da Cruña

     Everyone know this, that I Fernán Martinez, rector cleric of the church of Saint Tomas, of the Pescaría (fishery) of the Town of A Coruña

See also

• Appendix:Galician pronouns

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “eu”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “yeu”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “ieu”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “eu”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024

Japanese

Romanization

eu

1. Rōmaji transcription of えう

Latin

Etymology

Compare Ancient Greek εὖ (eû, “well”, adverb).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /eu̯/, [ɛu̯]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /eu̯/, [ɛːu̯]

Interjection

eu

1. bravo! well done!

See also

• euge
• eugepae
• euhoe
• evax

References

• “eu”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “eu”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Latvian

Interjection

eu

1. Use to draw somebody's attention

Manx

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eu/

Pronoun

eu (emphatic euish)

1. second-person plural/form of ec

   at you/ye

2. (idiomatic) your (plural)

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

eu

1. Alternative form of ewe

Etymology 2

Pronoun

eu

1. (chiefly Early Middle English) Alternative form of yow

Nias

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kahiw, from Proto-Austronesian *kaSiw.

Noun

eu (mutated form geu)

1. wood

References

• Sundermann, Heinrich. 1905. Niassisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Moers: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, p. 61.

Old French

Verb

eu

1. past participle of avoir

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛw/

Pronoun

eu

1. I
   • 13th century, Cancioneiro da Ajuda, João Garcia de Guilhade, A 229: Amigos, non poss'eu negar (facsimile)

     [O]s ollos uerdes que eu ui / me façen ora andar aſſi.

     The green eyes which I have seen / have made me now be like this.

Descendants

• Eonavian: eu
• Fala: ei
• Galician: eu
• Portuguese: eu (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan

Alternative forms

• ieu
• ie (before an enclitic)

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛw/

Pronoun

eu

1. I (first-person singular subject pronoun)

Descendants

• Occitan: ieu

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

• giu
• iu

Etymology

See iu.

Pronoun

eu

1. you (accusative)

Declension

Old Saxon personal pronouns

Personal pronouns
Singular	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	ik	thū	hē	siu	it
Accusative	mī, me, mik	thī, thik	ina	sia
Dative	mī	thī	imu	iru	it
Genitive	mīn	thīn	is	ira	is
Dual	1.	2.	-	-	-
Nominative	wit	git	-	-	-
Accusative	unk	ink	-	-	-
Dative
Genitive	unkero, unka	inker, inka	-	-	-
Plural	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	wī, we	gī, ge	sia	sia	siu
Accusative	ūs, unsik	eu, iu, iuu
Dative	ūs		im
Genitive	ūser	euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera	iro

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese eu, from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆. Doublet of ego.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈew/ [ˈeʊ̯]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈew/

• (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): (sandhi) /ˈjew/
• (Alentejo, Algarve, Azores, Madeira) IPA^(key): (unstressed) [e]

• Audio (Brazil):

  (file)

• Audio (Northeast Brazil):

  (file)

• Audio (Northern Portugal):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: eu

Pronoun

eu

1. I (first-person singular personal pronoun)
   • 2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 184:

     Eu estava na esperança de encontrá-lo antes do jantar!

     I was hoping to meet you before dinner!

2. (Brazil, Alentejo, nonstandard, proscribed) first-person singular prepositional pronoun; me

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:eu.

Derived terms

• euzinho / euzinha (diminutive)

See also

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number	Person	Nominative (subject)		Accusative (direct object)		Dative (indirect object)	Prepositional		Prepositional with com		Non-declining
		m	f	m	f	m and f	m	f	m	f	m	f
Singular	First	eu		me			mim		comigo
	Second	tu		te			ti		contigo		você
											o senhor	a senhora
	Third	ele	ela	o (lo, no)	a (la, na)	lhe	ele	ela	com ele	com ela	o mesmo	a mesma
				se			si		consigo
Plural	First	nós		nos			nós		connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil)		a gente
	Second	vós		vos			vós		convosco, com vós		vocês
											os senhores	as senhoras
	Third	eles	elas	os (los, nos)	as (las, nas)	lhes	eles	elas	com eles	com elas	os mesmos	as mesmas
				se			si		consigo
Indefinite				se			si		consigo

Noun

eu m (plural eus)

1. (chiefly philosophy) ego; self (individual person as the object of his own reflective consciousness)

   Synonym: ego

Derived terms

• eu lírico

Related terms

• ego

Interjection

eu!

1. Used to draw attention to oneself after having their name called.

   Dr. Hélio? – Eu!

   Dr. Hélio? – Here!

Descendants

• Barranquian: ê
• Kristang: yo
• Macanese: iou, io, ieu

Romanian

Alternative forms

• eŭ — old orthography
• io — colloquial

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (pronoun) /jew/, (noun) /ew/
• IPA^(key): (pronoun, colloquial) /jo/
• Rhymes: -ew
• Hyphenation: eu

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

eu

1. (nominative form) I

Declension

Nominative
eu
Accusative
stressed		unstressed
mine		mă
Genitive
Singular		Plural
m & n	f	m	f & n
meu	mea	mei	mele
Dative
stressed		unstressed
mie		îmi
Reflexive
Accusative		Dative
stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
mine	mă	mie	îmi

See also

Romanian personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		eu	noi
2nd person	plain	tu	voi
	semi-polite	dumneata	dumneavoastră
	polite	dumneavoastră
3rd person familiar	m	el	ei
	f	ea	ele
3rd person polite	m	dumnealui	dumnealor
	f	dumneaei

Noun

eu n (plural euri)

1. ego

Declension

Declension of eu

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) eu	eul	(niște) euri	eurile
genitive/dative	(unui) eu	eului	(unor) euri	eurilor
vocative	eule		eurilor

Romansch

Pronoun

eu (Vallader)

1. Alternative form of jau (“I”)

Sassarese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeu/

Pronoun

eu

1. Alternative form of éiu: I
   • 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Primabéra”, in La poesia di l'althri, Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 13:

     […] guasi guasi credu
     chi podaristhia eu puru
     o dubaristhia
     nascì torra. […]

     I almost believe that I, too, can, or should, be born again.

   • 2020 March 25, Ignazio Sanna, “Di nomme fozzu Asdrubale”, in Ignazio Sanna - Prosa e poesia in sassarese‎^[1]:

     Faccisigàddu, diggu grazie a Firumèna chi s’alluntàna e s’arròmba a lu muru; eu a lu muru d’aócci.

     Embarrassed, I thank Filomena, who distances herself, and leans on the wall; I [lean] to the opposite wall.

See also

• me
• meggu
• mi
• méiu

 

References

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

Sicilian

Alternative forms

• jeu
• jù, jò, iu (possibly influenced by Spanish yo or Italian io)

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛu/
• Hyphenation: è‧u

Pronoun

eu

1. (first person singular pronoun) I

   Eu sacciu lèggiri 'n sicilianu. ― I can read Sicilian.

Usage notes

• It can be postponed to a verb
• It can, some dialects, be used for emphasis

  Jù ci parrai-ju

  I talked to him.

Inflection

nominative	eu
prepositional	mìa
accusative	mi
dative	mi
reflexive	mi

See also

• tu
• iḍḍu, iḍḍa
• nui, nuiautri
• vui, vuiautri
• iḍḍi

Welsh

Alternative forms

• 'u (after vowels)
• 'w (after the preposition i)

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): /ei̯/
  • (colloquial) IPA^(key): /iː/, /ɪ/
• Homophone: ei
• Rhymes: -ei̯

Usage notes

• Despite being written as u, the vowel here is /i̯/ in north Wales, making it homophonous with singular ei in all varieties of the spoken language.

Determiner

eu (triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)

1. their

   Cwynent am eu blinder a’u hafiechyd.

   They complained of their weariness and their illness.

Pronoun

eu (triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)

1. them (as the direct object of a verbal noun)

   Rhaid sganio’r ffeiliau cyn eu hagor a’u harchwilio.

   You have to scan the files before opening them and exploring them.

Usage notes

• Nhw is often added after the noun or verbnoun which eu precedes. In formal language, this is done to emphasise the determiner or pronoun. In colloquial language, it is not necessarily an indicator of emphasis, and is often included with the determiner and always included with the pronoun. The exception to the latter case is in passive constructions employing cael, where nhw is never used.
• In formal Welsh, the contraction ’u is a valid form of eu found after mostly functional vowel-final words. In colloquial Welsh, eu is often contracted to ’u after almost any vowel-final word.
• Pronomial eu and ’u can occur before any verbal noun. Before a verb, pronomial ’u is found only in formal language after certain vowel-final preverbal particles. See entry for ’u for more information.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “eu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yoruba

Alternative forms

• owú

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ē.ú/

Noun

eú

1. (Ekiti) anvil

Zhuang

Pronunciation

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /ʔeːu˨˦/
• Tone numbers: eu¹
• Hyphenation: eu

Etymology 1

Verb

eu (1957–1982 spelling eu)

1. to sing (a folk song)

Etymology 2

Adjective

eu (1957–1982 spelling eu)

1. weak; frail; feeble