gjalda
Faroese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse gjalda, from Proto-Germanic *geldaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”). Cognates include English yield, German gelten, Dutch gelden, Swedish gälla, Norwegian gjelde, Icelandic gjalda and Danish gælde.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]gjalda (third person singular past indicative galt, third person plural past indicative guldu, supine goldið)
- to pay
Usage notes
[edit]Not to be mixed with galda or gelda which are partially homophonic with this verb.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of gjalda (irregular) | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | gjalda | |
supine | goldið | |
participle (a26)1 | gjaldandi | goldin |
present | past | |
first singular | gjaldi | galt |
second singular | geldur | galt |
third singular | geldur | galt |
plural | gjalda | guldu |
imperative | ||
singular | gjald! | |
plural | gjaldið! | |
1Only the past participle being declined. |
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse gjalda, from Proto-Germanic *geldaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”). Cognates include English yield, German gelten, Dutch gelden, Swedish gälla, Norwegian gjelde, Faroese gjalda and Danish gælde.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]gjalda (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative galt, third-person plural past indicative guldu, supine goldið)
- to pay
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að gjalda | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
goldið | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
gjaldandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég geld | við gjöldum | present (nútíð) |
ég gjaldi | við gjöldum |
þú geldur | þið gjaldið | þú gjaldir | þið gjaldið | ||
hann, hún, það geldur | þeir, þær, þau gjalda | hann, hún, það gjaldi | þeir, þær, þau gjaldi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég galt | við guldum | past (þátíð) |
ég gyldi | við gyldum |
þú galst | þið gulduð | þú gyldir | þið gylduð | ||
hann, hún, það galt | þeir, þær, þau guldu | hann, hún, það gyldi | þeir, þær, þau gyldu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
gjald (þú) | gjaldið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
gjaltu | gjaldiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að gjaldast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
goldist | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
gjaldandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég gelst | við gjöldumst | present (nútíð) |
ég gjaldist | við gjöldumst |
þú gelst | þið gjaldist | þú gjaldist | þið gjaldist | ||
hann, hún, það gelst | þeir, þær, þau gjaldast | hann, hún, það gjaldist | þeir, þær, þau gjaldist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég galst | við guldumst | past (þátíð) |
ég gyldist | við gyldumst |
þú galst | þið guldust | þú gyldist | þið gyldust | ||
hann, hún, það galst | þeir, þær, þau guldust | hann, hún, það gyldist | þeir, þær, þau gyldust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
gjalst (þú) | gjaldist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
gjalstu | gjaldisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
goldinn | goldin | goldið | goldnir | goldnar | goldin | |
accusative (þolfall) |
goldinn | goldna | goldið | goldna | goldnar | goldin | |
dative (þágufall) |
goldnum | goldinni | goldnu | goldnum | goldnum | goldnum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
goldins | goldinnar | goldins | goldinna | goldinna | goldinna | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
goldni | goldna | goldna | goldnu | goldnu | goldnu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
goldna | goldnu | goldna | goldnu | goldnu | goldnu | |
dative (þágufall) |
goldna | goldnu | goldna | goldnu | goldnu | goldnu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
goldna | goldnu | goldna | goldnu | goldnu | goldnu |
Derived terms
[edit]Old Norse
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *geldaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”).
Verb
[edit]gjalda (singular past indicative galt, plural past indicative guldu, past participle goldinn)
- (ditransitive) to repay, return
- gjalda gjǫf við gjǫf ― to pay back gift for gift
- (figurative) to give
- (with genitive) to pay for, suffer on account
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | gjalda | |
---|---|---|
present participle | gjaldandi | |
past participle | goldinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | geld | galt |
2nd-person singular | geldr | galzt |
3rd-person singular | geldr | galt |
1st-person plural | gjǫldum | guldum |
2nd-person plural | gjaldið | gulduð |
3rd-person plural | gjalda | guldu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | gjalda | gilda |
2nd-person singular | gjaldir | gildir |
3rd-person singular | gjaldi | gildi |
1st-person plural | gjaldim | gildim |
2nd-person plural | gjaldið | gildið |
3rd-person plural | gjaldi | gildi |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | gjald | |
1st-person plural | gjǫldum | |
2nd-person plural | gjaldið |
infinitive | gjaldask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | gjaldandisk | |
past participle | goldizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | gjǫldumk | guldumk |
2nd-person singular | gelzk | galzk |
3rd-person singular | gelzk | galzk |
1st-person plural | gjǫldumsk | guldumsk |
2nd-person plural | gjaldizk | gulduzk |
3rd-person plural | gjaldask | guldusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | gjǫldumk | gildumk |
2nd-person singular | gjaldisk | gildisk |
3rd-person singular | gjaldisk | gildisk |
1st-person plural | gjaldimsk | gildimsk |
2nd-person plural | gjaldizk | gildizk |
3rd-person plural | gjaldisk | gildisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | gjalzk | |
1st-person plural | gjǫldumsk | |
2nd-person plural | gjaldizk |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Icelandic: gjalda
- Faroese: gjalda
- Norwegian Nynorsk: gjelda; (dialectal) galda, gjedla, gjelja
- Norwegian Bokmål: gjelde
- Old Swedish: giælda, gialda, giælla, gælla
- Old Danish: gialdæ
- Danish: gælde
References
[edit]- “gjalda”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse
- Faroese terms derived from Old Norse
- Faroese terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Faroese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese verbs
- Faroese strong verbs
- fo:Finance
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/alta
- Rhymes:Icelandic/alta/2 syllables
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic strong verbs
- Icelandic class 3 strong verbs
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰeldʰ-
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse ditransitive verbs
- Old Norse terms with usage examples
- Old Norse class 3 strong verbs