ibar

Basque

Etymology

From Proto-Basque *ibar.

Pronunciation

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• IPA^(key): /ibar/ [i.β̞ar]
• Rhymes: -ibar
• Hyphenation: i‧bar

Noun

ibar inan

1. valley

Declension

Declension of ibar (inanimate, ending in -r)

	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	ibar	ibarra	ibarrak
ergative	ibarrek	ibarrak	ibarrek
dative	ibarri	ibarrari	ibarrei
genitive	ibarren	ibarraren	ibarren
comitative	ibarrekin	ibarrarekin	ibarrekin
causative	ibarrengatik	ibarrarengatik	ibarrengatik
benefactive	ibarrentzat	ibarrarentzat	ibarrentzat
instrumental	ibarrez	ibarraz	ibarrez
inessive	ibarretan	ibarrean	ibarretan
locative	ibarretako	ibarreko	ibarretako
allative	ibarretara	ibarrera	ibarretara
terminative	ibarretaraino	ibarreraino	ibarretaraino
directive	ibarretarantz	ibarrerantz	ibarretarantz
destinative	ibarretarako	ibarrerako	ibarretarako
ablative	ibarretatik	ibarretik	ibarretatik
partitive	ibarrik	—	—
prolative	ibartzat	—	—

Synonyms

• haran
• naba

Further reading

• “ibar”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
• “ibar”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Dupaningan Agta

Noun

ibar

1. saliva; spit

Latin

Verb

ībar

1. first-person singular imperfect passive indicative of eō

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *eburos. Cognate with Middle Welsh efwr (“hogweed”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.βər/, [ˈiβar]

Noun

ibar m (genitive ibair, nominative plural ibair)

1. yew

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ibar	ibarL	ibairL
Vocative	ibair	ibarL	ibruH
Accusative	ibarN	ibarL	ibruH
Genitive	ibairL	ibar	ibarN
Dative	iburL	ibraib	ibraib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: iúr, iobhar (obsolete), úr
• Manx: euar
• Scottish Gaelic: iubhar

Mutation

Mutation of ibar

radical	lenition	nasalization
ibar (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-ibar

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ibar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language