instinct

See also: Instinct

English

Etymology

From Latin īnstinctus, past participle of īnstinguō (“to incite, to instigate”), from in (“in, on”) + stinguō (“to prick”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɪn.stɪŋkt/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Noun

instinct (countable and uncountable, plural instincts)

1. A natural or inherent impulse or behaviour.

   Many animals fear fire by instinct.

   • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:

     By a divine instinct, men's minds mistrust / Ensuing dangers.

   • 1921, Bertrand Russell, The Analysis of Mind:

     In spite of these qualifications, the broad distinction between instinct and habit is undeniable. To take extreme cases, every animal at birth can take food by instinct, before it has had opportunity to learn; on the other hand, no one can ride a bicycle by instinct, though, after learning, the necessary movements become just as automatic as if they were instinctive.

2. An intuitive reaction not based on rational conscious thought.

   an instinct for order; to be modest by instinct

   Debbie's instinct was to distrust John.

Derived terms

• death instinct
• herding instinct
• herd instinct
• instinctive
• instinctively
• instinct shooting
• killer instinct
• survival instinct

 

Translations

natural or inherent impulse or behaviour

• Afrikaans: instink
• Albanian: instinkt (sq) m
• Arabic: غَرِيزَة f (ḡarīza), سَلِيقَة f (salīqa), فِطْرَة f (fiṭra)
• Armenian: բնազդ (hy) (bnazd)
• Azerbaijani:

  Abjad: سوق طبيعى (sövq-i-tæbiyi)

  Roman: instinkt, sövqi-təbii

• Belarusian: інсты́нкт m (instýnkt)
• Bulgarian: инсти́нкт (bg) m (instínkt)
• Catalan: instint (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 本能 (zh) (běnnéng), 天性 (zh) (tiānxìng)

• Crimean Tatar: sevq-i tabiiy
• Czech: instinkt (cs) m, pud (cs) m
• Danish: instinkt c
• Dutch: instinct (nl) n
• Esperanto: instinkto
• Estonian: instinkt
• Finnish: vaisto (fi), vietti (fi)
• French: instinct (fr) m
• Georgian: ინსტიქტი (insṭikṭi)
• German: Instinkt (de) m
• Greek: ένστικτο (el) n (énstikto), ένστιχτο (el) n (énstichto)
• Hebrew: אִינְסְטִינְקְט (he) m (instínkt), יֵצֶר (he) m (yétser)
• Hindi: फ़ितरत (hi) f (fitrat), वृत्ति (hi) f (vŕtti), प्रवृत्ति (hi) (pravŕtti), मूल प्रवृत्ति (mūl pravŕtti), सहज वृत्ति (sahaj vŕtti), सहज प्रवृत्ति (sahaj pravŕtti), नैसर्गिक प्रवृत्ति (naisargik pravŕtti), नैसर्गिक वृत्ति (naisargik vŕtti)
• Hungarian: ösztön (hu)
• Icelandic: eðlishvöt (is) f
• Indonesian: naluri (id)
• Italian: istinto (it) m
• Japanese: 本能 (ja) (ほんのう, honnō)
• Kazakh: инстинкт (instinkt)
• Khmer: សភាវគតិ (sɑɑ phiəw kĕəʼteʼ)
• Korean: 본능(本能) (ko) (bonneung)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: xerîze (ku)

• Kyrgyz: инстинкт (ky) (instinkt)
• Lao: ສັນຊາດຕະຍານ (san sāt ta nyān), ສັນຊາດຍານ (lo) (san sāt nyān)
• Latvian: instinkts m
• Lithuanian: instinktas m
• Macedonian: инстинкт m (instinkt)
• Malay: naluri, garizah, insting
• Malayalam: ജന്മവാസന (ml) (janmavāsana), സഹജാവബോധം (sahajāvabōdhaṁ)
• Maori: rongo ā-puku
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: instinkt n

  Nynorsk: instinkt n

• Ottoman Turkish: سوق طبیعی (sevq-i tabii), طبیعتك دورتمهسی (tabiatın dürtmesi), دورتش (dürtüş)
• Pashto: غريزه (ps) f (ǧariza)
• Persian: غریزه (fa) (ğarize)
• Polish: instynkt (pl) m
• Portuguese: instinto (pt) m
• Romanian: instinct (ro) n
• Russian: инсти́нкт (ru) m (instínkt)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ѝнстинкт m, на́гон m

  Roman: ìnstinkt (sh) m, nágon (sh) m

• Slovak: inštinkt m
• Slovene: nagon m
• Sotho: tshekamelo
• Spanish: instinto (es) m
• Swedish: instinkt (sv) c
• Tajik: ғариза (ġariza), инстинкт (tg) (instinkt)
• Tatar: инстинкт (instinkt)
• Thai: สัญชาตญาณ (th) (sǎn-châat-dtà-yaan)
• Turkish: içgüdü (tr), insiyak (tr), sevkitabii (tr)
• Ukrainian: інсти́нкт m (instýnkt)
• Urdu: فِطْرَت f (fitrat)
• Uzbek: instinkt (uz)
• Vietnamese: bản năng (vi) (本能)

intuitive reaction not based on rational conscious thought

• Bulgarian: интуи́ция (bg) f (intuícija)
• Finnish: vaisto (fi)
• Indonesian: insting (id)
• Russian: интуи́ция (ru) f (intuícija)

Adjective

instinct (comparative more instinct, superlative most instinct)

1. (archaic) Imbued, charged (with something).
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     The chariot of paternal deity […] / Itself instinct with spirit, but convoyed / By four cherubic shapes.

   • 1838, Henry Brougham, Historical Sketches of Statesmen Who Flourished in the Time of George III:

     a noble performance, instinct with sound principle

   • 1857, Charlotte Brontë, The Professor:

     Her eyes, whose colour I had not at first known, so dim were they with repressed tears, so shadowed with ceaseless dejection, now, lit by a ray of the sunshine that cheered her heart, revealed irids of bright hazel – irids large and full, screened with long lashes; and pupils instinct with fire.

   • 1899, John Buchan, No Man's Land:

     It was a most Bedlamite catalogue of horrors, which, if true, made the wholesome moors a place instinct with tragedy.

   • 1928 February, H[oward] P[hillips] Lovecraft, “The Call of Cthulhu”, in Farnsworth Wright, editor, Weird Tales: A Magazine of the Bizarre and Unusual, volume 11, number 2, Indianapolis, Ind.: Popular Fiction Pub. Co., →OCLC, pages 159–178 and 287:

     This thing, which seemed instinct with a fearsome and unnatural malignancy, was of a somewhat bloated corpulence, and squatted evilly on a rectangular block or pedestal covered with undecipherable characters.

Further reading

• “instinct”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “instinct”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French instinct, from Latin īnstinctus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪnˈstɪŋ(k)t/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: in‧stinct
• Rhymes: -ɪŋkt

Noun

instinct n (plural instincten)

1. instinct (innate response, impulse or behaviour)

Derived terms

• instinctief
• instinctmatig
• moederinstinct
• vaderinstinct

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin īnstinctus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ̃s.tɛ̃/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

instinct m (plural instincts)

1. instinct
2. gut feeling

Related terms

• instinctif

Further reading

• “instinct”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French instinct.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /inˈstinkt/

Noun

instinct n (plural instincte)

1. instinct

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	instinct	instinctul		instincte	instinctele
genitive-dative	instinct	instinctului		instincte	instinctelor
vocative	instinctule			instinctelor

Related terms

• instinctiv