panga

English

WOTD – 12 August 2011

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaŋɡə/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Swahili panga (“machete”).

Noun

panga (plural pangas)

1. (East Africa, South Africa) A large broad-bladed knife.
   • 1967, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, A Grain of Wheat, EAEP, published 2008, page 77:

     She turned to the small basket she was carrying and took out a panga.

   • 1978, André Brink, Rumours of Rain, Vintage, published 2000, page 73:

     Charlie had told me what it had looked like immediately after the riots. Bodies hacked to pieces with pangas.

   • 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus, published 2010, page 690:

     I pleaded with them to lay down their arms, to take each other's hands in peace: ‘Take your guns, your knives and your pangas, and throw them into the sea!’

Translations

type of knife

• Finnish: panga, viidakkoveitsi (fi)
• Spanish: panga (es) f
• Swahili: panga (sw)

Etymology 2

Back-formation from the plural, from the stem of translingual Pangasius (genus name), from Bengali পাঙ্গাশ (paṅgaś, “mud- or brown-coloured fish”).

Noun

panga (plural pangas)

1. Any of various edible freshwater fish of the genus Pangasius, native to southeast Asia, especially the iridescent shark, Pangasius hypophthalmus, now reclassified as Pangasianodon hypophthalmus.
2. A type of modest-sized, open, outboard-powered, fishing boat common throughout much of the developing world, including Central America, the Caribbean, parts of Africa, the Middle East, and much of Asia.

Translations

fish — see also iridescent shark

• Finnish: pangasius, haimonni
• German: Pangasius (de) m
• Spanish: panga (es)

Etymology 3

From Spanish panga (“motorboat”).

Noun

panga (plural pangas)

1. A small inflatable motorboat used in Latin America.

See also

• panga panga

Anagrams

• Pagan, pagan

Bikol Central

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah, from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paˈŋa/ [paˈŋa]
• Hyphenation: pa‧nga

Noun

pangá (Basahan spelling ᜉᜅ)

1. (anatomy) jaw, jawbone

   Synonym: salang

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paˈŋa/ [paˈŋa]
• Hyphenation: pa‧nga

Noun

pangá (Basahan spelling ᜉᜅ)

1. a framework built on a boat over which the large, thick mat is placed so that it may serve as an awning

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaŋa/ [ˈpa.ŋa]
• Hyphenation: pa‧nga

Noun

pánga (Basahan spelling ᜉᜅ)

1. a mark that one places on a tree that one has sown with a root crop, so that no one else will cut the tree or work the field

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: pa‧nga

Noun

panga

1. a forked stick

Cuyunon

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah.

Noun

panga

1. (anatomy) jaw

Dutch

Etymology

Probably borrowed from English panga, from New Latin Pangasius, ultimately from Bengali পাঙ্গাশ (paṅgaś).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɑŋ.ɡaː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pan‧ga
• Rhymes: -ɑŋɡaː

Noun

panga m (plural panga's)

1. panga, pangasius, swai; fish of the genus Pangasius, especially when used as food

   Synonym: pangasius

Derived terms

• pangafilet

Eastern Bontoc

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

Noun

panga

1. branch (of a tree)

Estonian

Noun

panga

1. genitive singular of pank

Ibaloi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

Noun

panga

1. branch (of a tree)

Iraqw

Etymology

From Swahili panga.

Noun

panga f (plural pangadu n)

1. knife

References

• Mous, Maarten, Qorro, Martha, Kießling, Roland (2002) Iraqw-English Dictionary (Kuschitische Sprachstudien), volume 18, Köln, Germany: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, →ISBN, page 69

Kankanaey

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Kankanaey) IPA^(key): /ˈpaŋa/ [ˈpaː.ŋʌ]
• Rhymes: -aŋa
• Syllabification: pa‧nga

Noun

panga

1. branch (of a tree)

Kapampangan

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pəˈŋa/ [pəˈŋä]
• Hyphenation: pa‧nga

Noun

panga

1. (anatomy) jaw; jawbone

Karao

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

Noun

panga

1. branch (of a tree)

Kayapa Kallahan

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

Noun

panga

1. branch (of a tree)

Lubuagan Kalinga

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

Noun

panga

1. branch (of a tree)

Nga La

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ŋaa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l/b-ŋa.

Numeral

panga

1. five

References

• Matu (Chin) Dictionary by Ropna Saruum, Matupi 2007

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpanɡa/ [ˈpãŋ.ɡa]
• Rhymes: -anɡa
• Syllabification: pan‧ga

Noun

panga f (plural pangas)

1. (Latin America) panga (small inflatable motorboat used in Latin America)
2. (Spain) swai, iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)
3. (zoology) torpedo scad (Pterogymnus laniarius)

Further reading

• “panga”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Swahili

FWOTD – 21 October 2020

panga

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɑŋɡɑ/

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Noun

panga (n class, plural panga)

1. machete, panga (broad knife)
   • 2019 June 10, “Wanawake wa Kigoma watoroka wakihofia wabakaji Tanzania maarufu 'Teleza' [Kigoma women flee in fear of Tanzanian rapists 'Teleza']”, in BBC News Swahili‎^[1]:

     'Silaha yao (teleza) kubwa ni kisu na panga.'

     'Their (Teleza's) chief weapons are the knife and the machete.'

Related terms

• upanga (“sword”)

Etymology 2

Verb

-panga (infinitive kupanga)

1. to arrange, classify, plan, organize, set up
   • 2018 December 13, “'John Bolton amepewa jukumu la kupanga jinsi ya kuniangamiza' ['John Bolton has been given the job of planning how to destroy me']”, in BBC News Swahili‎^[2]:

     Bwana Maduro aliwahi kuituhumu Marekani, Colombia na upinzani kwa kupanga njama ya kumuua.

     Mr. Maduro has accused the United States, Colombia, and the opposition of plotting to kill him.

2. to rent
3. to live together, cohabit
4. (with mtoto) to adopt

   Synonym: -asilisha

   • 2017 February 7, “Madona aruhusiwa kupanga watoto 2 kutoka Malawi”, in BBC News Swahili‎^[3]:

     Madona aruhusiwa kupanga watoto 2 kutoka Malawi

     Madonna is allowed to adopt 2 children from Malawi

Conjugation

Conjugation of -panga
Positive present -napanga Subjunctive -pange Negative -pangi Imperative singular panga
Infinitives
Positive kupanga Negative kutopanga
Imperatives
Singular panga Plural pangeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupanga Positive past positive subject concord + -lipanga Negative past negative subject concord + -kupanga
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napanga) Singular Plural 1st person ninapanga/napanga tunapanga 2nd person unapanga mnapanga 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapanga wanapanga other classes positive subject concord + -napanga
Negative present (negative subject concord + -pangi) Singular Plural 1st person sipangi hatupangi 2nd person hupangi hampangi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapangi hawapangi other classes negative subject concord + -pangi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapanga Negative future negative subject concord + -tapanga
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pange) Singular Plural 1st person nipange tupange 2nd person upange mpange 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apange wapange other classes positive subject concord + -pange
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipange Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepanga Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepanga Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipanga Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipanga
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apanga) Singular Plural 1st person napanga twapanga 2nd person wapanga mwapanga 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apanga wapanga m-mi(III/IV) wapanga yapanga ji-ma(V/VI) lapanga yapanga ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapanga vyapanga n(IX/X) yapanga zapanga u(XI) wapanga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwapanga pa(XVI) papanga mu(XVIII) mwapanga
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepanga "Already" positive subject concord + -meshapanga "Not yet" negative subject concord + -japanga "If/When" positive subject concord + -kipanga "If not" positive subject concord + -sipopanga Consecutive kapanga / positive subject concord + -kapanga Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapange
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nipanga -tupanga 2nd person -kupanga -wapanga/-kupangeni/-wapangeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpanga -wapanga m-mi(III/IV) -upanga -ipanga ji-ma(V/VI) -lipanga -yapanga ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kipanga -vipanga n(IX/X) -ipanga -zipanga u(XI) -upanga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kupanga pa(XVI) -papanga mu(XVIII) -mupanga Reflexive -jipanga
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -panga- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -pangaye -pangao m-mi(III/IV) -pangao -pangayo ji-ma(V/VI) -pangalo -pangayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -pangacho -pangavyo n(IX/X) -pangayo -pangazo u(XI) -pangao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -pangako pa(XVI) -pangapo mu(XVIII) -pangamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -panga) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yepanga -opanga m-mi(III/IV) -opanga -yopanga ji-ma(V/VI) -lopanga -yopanga ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopanga -vyopanga n(IX/X) -yopanga -zopanga u(XI) -opanga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kopanga pa(XVI) -popanga mu(XVIII) -mopanga
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -pangia
  • Causative: -pangisha
  • Passive: -pangwa (“to be arranged, to be assigned”), -pangiwa
  • Reciprocal: -pangana
  • Stative: -pangika

• Nominal derivations:
  • mpangaji (“tenant”)
  • mpango (“plan”)
  • pango (“rent”)
  • upangaji (“arranging; renting, rental; adoption”)

Swedish

Etymology

pang (“bang”) +‎ -a

Verb

panga (present pangar, preterite pangade, supine pangat, imperative panga)

1. (colloquial) to bang (emit bangs, for example by shooting)

   att panga på

   to keep shooting

2. (colloquial) to break (usually a window)

   Han pangade en ruta med en felriktad spark på bollen

   He broke a window with a misaligned kick on the ball

Conjugation

Conjugation of panga (weak)

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	panga		pangas
Supine	pangat		pangats
Imperative	panga		—
Imper. plural1	pangen		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	pangar	pangade	pangas	pangades
Ind. plural1	panga	pangade	pangas	pangades
Subjunctive2	pange	pangade	panges	pangades
	Participles
Present participle	pangande
Past participle	pangad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

References

• panga in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• panga in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• panga in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Tagalog

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /paˈŋa/ [pɐˈŋa]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: pa‧nga

Noun

pangá (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅ)

1. (anatomy) jaw; jawbone

   Synonym: sihang

Anagrams

• ganap, pag- -an, panag-, Gapan

West Albay Bikol

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah.

Noun

panga

1. (anatomy) jaw; jawbone

Yogad

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

Noun

pangá

1. branch (of a tree)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah.

Noun

pangá

1. (anatomy) (lower) jaw