retina

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See also: Retina, retinä, and retiña

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Illustration showing parts of the human eye, including the retina.

Etymology

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From Middle English rethina, borrowing from Medieval Latin rētīna (“retina”, feminine noun), ellipsis of tunica rētīna (“net-like tunic”), used to describe the blood vessel system at the back of the eye. The phrase is attested in the 12th century in Guillelmus the abbot and Gerard of Cremona—the latter may have created this phrase as a translation for Arabic طَبَقَة شَبَكِيَّة (ṭabaqa šabakiyya) "net-like layer", which translates Ancient Greek ἀμφιβληστροειδής χῐτών (amphiblēstroeidḗs khitṓn, “retina”),[1] which is attested in the ancient medical writer Galen.[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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retina (plural retinas or retinae or (archaic) retinæ)

  2. (ophthalmology) The thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball that contains rods and cones sensitive to light, which trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.

Derived terms

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Translations

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References

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  1. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “retina”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  2. ^ “ἀμφιβληστροειδής”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Anagrams

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Catalan

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin retina.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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retina f (plural retines)

  1. retina
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Further reading

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Dutch

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Etymology

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From Medieval Latin rētina, the diminutive form of Latin rēte (“net”), probably from Vulgar Latin tunica retina (literally “net-like tunic”), used to describe the blood vessel system at the back of the eye.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: re‧ti‧na

Noun

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retina f or m (plural retina's, diminutive retinaatje n)

  1. retina
    Synonym: netvlies

Anagrams

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Finnish

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin retina.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈretinɑ/, [ˈre̞t̪inɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -etinɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): re‧ti‧na

Noun

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retina

  1. Synonym of verkkokalvo (“retina”)

Declension

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Inflection of retina (Kotus type 13/katiska, no gradation)
nominative retina retinat
genitive retinan retinoiden
retinoitten
retinojen
partitive retinaa retinoita
retinoja
illative retinaan retinoihin
singular plural
nominative retina retinat
accusative nom. retina retinat
gen. retinan
genitive retinan retinoiden
retinoitten
retinojen
retinain rare
partitive retinaa retinoita
retinoja
inessive retinassa retinoissa
elative retinasta retinoista
illative retinaan retinoihin
adessive retinalla retinoilla
ablative retinalta retinoilta
allative retinalle retinoille
essive retinana retinoina
translative retinaksi retinoiksi
abessive retinatta retinoitta
instructive — retinoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of retina (Kotus type 13/katiska, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative retinani retinani
accusative nom. retinani retinani
gen. retinani
genitive retinani retinoideni
retinoitteni
retinojeni
retinaini rare
partitive retinaani retinoitani
retinojani
inessive retinassani retinoissani
elative retinastani retinoistani
illative retinaani retinoihini
adessive retinallani retinoillani
ablative retinaltani retinoiltani
allative retinalleni retinoilleni
essive retinanani retinoinani
translative retinakseni retinoikseni
abessive retinattani retinoittani
instructive — —
comitative — retinoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative retinasi retinasi
accusative nom. retinasi retinasi
gen. retinasi
genitive retinasi retinoidesi
retinoittesi
retinojesi
retinaisi rare
partitive retinaasi retinoitasi
retinojasi
inessive retinassasi retinoissasi
elative retinastasi retinoistasi
illative retinaasi retinoihisi
adessive retinallasi retinoillasi
ablative retinaltasi retinoiltasi
allative retinallesi retinoillesi
essive retinanasi retinoinasi
translative retinaksesi retinoiksesi
abessive retinattasi retinoittasi
instructive — —
comitative — retinoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative retinamme retinamme
accusative nom. retinamme retinamme
gen. retinamme
genitive retinamme retinoidemme
retinoittemme
retinojemme
retinaimme rare
partitive retinaamme retinoitamme
retinojamme
inessive retinassamme retinoissamme
elative retinastamme retinoistamme
illative retinaamme retinoihimme
adessive retinallamme retinoillamme
ablative retinaltamme retinoiltamme
allative retinallemme retinoillemme
essive retinanamme retinoinamme
translative retinaksemme retinoiksemme
abessive retinattamme retinoittamme
instructive — —
comitative — retinoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative retinanne retinanne
accusative nom. retinanne retinanne
gen. retinanne
genitive retinanne retinoidenne
retinoittenne
retinojenne
retinainne rare
partitive retinaanne retinoitanne
retinojanne
inessive retinassanne retinoissanne
elative retinastanne retinoistanne
illative retinaanne retinoihinne
adessive retinallanne retinoillanne
ablative retinaltanne retinoiltanne
allative retinallenne retinoillenne
essive retinananne retinoinanne
translative retinaksenne retinoiksenne
abessive retinattanne retinoittanne
instructive — —
comitative — retinoinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative retinansa retinansa
accusative nom. retinansa retinansa
gen. retinansa
genitive retinansa retinoidensa
retinoittensa
retinojensa
retinainsa rare
partitive retinaansa retinoitaan
retinojaan
retinoitansa
retinojansa
inessive retinassaan
retinassansa 		retinoissaan
retinoissansa
elative retinastaan
retinastansa 		retinoistaan
retinoistansa
illative retinaansa retinoihinsa
adessive retinallaan
retinallansa 		retinoillaan
retinoillansa
ablative retinaltaan
retinaltansa 		retinoiltaan
retinoiltansa
allative retinalleen
retinallensa 		retinoilleen
retinoillensa
essive retinanaan
retinanansa 		retinoinaan
retinoinansa
translative retinakseen
retinaksensa 		retinoikseen
retinoiksensa
abessive retinattaan
retinattansa 		retinoittaan
retinoittansa
instructive — —
comitative — retinoineen
retinoinensa

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Hungarian

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Etymology

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From Late Latin rētina, the diminutive form of Latin rēte (“net”).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈrɛtinɒ]
  • Hyphenation: re‧ti‧na
  • Rhymes: -nɒ

Noun

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retina (plural retinák)

  1. (anatomy) retina (the thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball where light is converted into neural signals sent to the brain)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative retina retinák
accusative retinát retinákat
dative retinának retináknak
instrumental retinával retinákkal
causal-final retináért retinákért
translative retinává retinákká
terminative retináig retinákig
essive-formal retinaként retinákként
essive-modal retinául —
inessive retinában retinákban
superessive retinán retinákon
adessive retinánál retináknál
illative retinába retinákba
sublative retinára retinákra
allative retinához retinákhoz
elative retinából retinákból
delative retináról retinákról
ablative retinától retináktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		retináé retináké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		retináéi retinákéi
Possessive forms of retina
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. retinám retináim
2nd person sing. retinád retináid
3rd person sing. retinája retinái
1st person plural retinánk retináink
2nd person plural retinátok retináitok
3rd person plural retinájuk retináik

References

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  1. ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

Further reading

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  • retina in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Interlingua

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Noun

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retina (plural retinas)

  1. retina
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Italian

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Italian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia it

Etymology 1

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The original sense (Etymology 2) of retina, but given a specific anatomical meaning.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈrɛ.ti.na/
  • Rhymes: -ɛtina
  • Hyphenation: rè‧ti‧na

Noun

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retina f (plural retine)

  1. (anatomy) retina
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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From rete +‎ -ina.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /reˈti.na/
  • Rhymes: -ina
  • Hyphenation: re‧tì‧na

Noun

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retina f (plural retine)

  1. diminutive of rete
    1. small net
    2. hairnet

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /reˈti.na/
  • Rhymes: -ina
  • Hyphenation: re‧tì‧na

Verb

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retina

  1. inflection of retinare:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology 1

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Generally explained as a deverbal of retineō (“hold back”).[1][2] Alternatively, derived from retinācula ("reins" - far more common than the singular retināculum), reinterpreted as a feminine diminutive and back-formed into retina. Attested in the Glossarium Ansileubi, which was written between 650 and 800 CE.[3]

Noun

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retina f (genitive retinae); first declension (Early Medieval Latin)

  1. rein (strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control an animal)
    • 10th century, anonymous, Chronicon Salernitanum 68, (example from DuCange):
      Apprehensaque equi Retina, celeriter eum Beneventum ducebat
      Having seized the horse's rein(s), he quickly rode it to Benevento.
Inflection
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First-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative retina retinae
genitive retinae retinārum
dative retinae retinīs
accusative retinam retinās
ablative retinā retinīs
vocative retina retinae
Descendants
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References

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  1. ^ Etymology and history of “rêne”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
  2. ^ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983) “rienda”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume V (Ri–X), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 12
  3. ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*rĕtina”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 10: R, page 333

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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rētīna

  1. inflection of rētīnus:
    1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
    2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

rētīnā

  1. ablative feminine singular of rētīnus

Etymology 3

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Ellipsis of tunica rētīna (“a net-like tunic”), referring to the fibrillar texture of the eye's retina.[1] The phrase is attested since at least the 12th century, and this noun usage since the 13th c.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rētīna f (genitive rētīnae); first declension

  1. (Medieval Latin, anatomy) the retina of an eye
    • 13th c., Roger Bacon, Opus maius 5.1.2.3:
      Et dicit Avicenna quarto de Animalibus, quod retina ducit nutrimentum secundum veritatem ad partes oculi
      And Avicenna says in his fourth book on Animals that the retina actually takes nutrients to the parts of the eye
Inflection
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First-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative rētīna rētīnae
genitive rētīnae rētīnārum
dative rētīnae rētīnīs
accusative rētīnam rētīnās
ablative rētīnā rētīnīs
vocative rētīna rētīnae
Descendants
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References

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  1. ^ “retina”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

Etymology 4

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An etymologising spelling, closer to the word’s etymon Ancient Greek ῥητῑ́νη (rhētī́nē, “resin of the pine”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rētīna f (genitive rētīnae); first declension

  1. medieval spelling of rēsīna (“resin”)
Inflection
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First-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative rētīna rētīnae
genitive rētīnae rētīnārum
dative rētīnae rētīnīs
accusative rētīnam rētīnās
ablative rētīnā rētīnīs
vocative rētīna rētīnae

References

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Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: re‧ti‧na

Etymology 1

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Noun

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retina f (plural retinas)

  1. retina (thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball)

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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retina

  1. inflection of retinir:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Romanian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /reˈti.na/
  • Rhymes: -ina
  • Hyphenation: re‧ti‧na

Noun

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retina

  1. definite nominative/accusative singular of retină

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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retina f (plural retinas)

  1. retina

Further reading

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