sain

See also: Sain, saín, säin, and sain-

English

Etymology

From Middle English sainen, seinen, senen, sinen, signen, from Old English sēnian, seġnian, from Proto-Germanic *segnōną (“to mark with a cross, bless”), from Latin signō, from signum. Cognate with Dutch zegenen (“to bless”), German segnen (“to bless”), Irish séan (“sign, omen”) and Scottish Gaelic seun (“a charm”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /seɪn/
• Rhymes: -eɪn
• Homophones: sane, Seine (one pronunciation)

Verb

sain (third-person singular simple present sains, present participle saining, simple past and past participle sained)

1. (transitive, archaic) To make the sign of the cross on or over something or someone.
   • 1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 261:

     Saining is the grand protection against them; a Shetlander always sains himself when passing by their hills.

2. (intransitive, obsolete except in Scots) To make the sign of the cross.
3. (transitive, archaic) To bless, to keep from evil influence.

   Sain usǃ Sain us, oh Godǃ.

   • 1889, “Agamemnon”, in Edmund Doidge Anderson Morshead, transl., The House of Atreus, 2nd edition, page 57:

     Far from my speech stands he who sains and saves.

   • 1983, Robert Nye, The Facts of Life:

     The child was sained then. Fir candles were lighted and whirled round the bed in which mother and infant lay.

Translations

to make the sign of the cross

• Czech: pokřižovat pf

Anagrams

• anis, Sani, nias, ASIN, ANSI, nasi, Sina, nais, Sian, AINs, Anis, ISNA, Nias, sian, as in, ains, Isan, nasi', NIAS

Bavarian

Verb

sain

1. (Sappada, Sauris, Timau) to be

References

• Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien.

Bikol Central

Alternative forms

• saen

Etymology

Compare Tagalog saan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /saˈʔin/ [saˈʔin̪]
• Hyphenation: sa‧in

Adverb

sàin (plural sarain, Basahan spelling ᜐᜁᜈ᜔)

1. (interrogative, directive) where

   Sain mo siya nahiling?

   Where did you see him/her?

Conjunction

sàin (plural sarain, Basahan spelling ᜐᜁᜈ᜔)

1. where

   Lingaw ko na kun sain ko binugtak an (sakuyang) salming (ko).

   I forgot where I place my eyeglasses.

Derived terms

• masain
• nasain
• pasain
• sain man

 

See also

• hain

 

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: sa‧in
• IPA^(key): /ˈsaʔin/ [ˈs̪a.ʔɪn̪]

Pronoun

sáin (Badlit spelling ᜐᜁᜈ᜔)

1. which

   Synonym: asa

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

• zèinan, soin

Etymology

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”). Cognate with German sein.

Verb

sain (irregular, auxiliary sain)

1. (Tredici Comuni) to be

References

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Estonian

Verb

sain

1. first-person singular past indicative of saama

Finnish

Verb

sain

1. first-person singular past indicative of saada

Anagrams

• Sian, anis, nais, nais-, sian

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French sain, from Latin sānus, from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛ̃/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: sains, saint, saints, sein, seing, seings, seins
• Rhymes: -ɛ̃

Adjective

sain (feminine saine, masculine plural sains, feminine plural saines)

1. healthy; in good health
2. healthful; beneficial to health of body or mind

Derived terms

• sain et sauf

Related terms

• santé
• sanitaire

Further reading

• “sain”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• anis, nais, nias

Manchu

Romanization

sain

1. Romanization of ᠰᠠᡳᠨ

Middle English

Verb

sain

1. Alternative form of seien

Old French

Etymology

From Latin sānus.

Adjective

sain m (oblique and nominative feminine singular saine)

1. healthy; in good health

Descendants

• French: sain

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *sanis (“different”) (whence Welsh hân (“separation”), from Proto-Indo-European *senH-; cognate with Latin sine, Ancient Greek ἄτερ (áter, “without, apart from”), Sanskrit सनितुर् (sanitúr, “without”), Old English sundor (“apart, separately”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sanʲ]

Adjective

sain

1. different
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14^c23

     co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu

     so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different

   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 220^a10

     A·tá tairmthechtas persan híc .i. is sain indí asid·rubart ⁊ indí frisa n-érbrath.

     There is a transition of persons here, i.e. the one who has said it and the one to whom it has been said are different.

2. special
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 73^d7

     Ná eiplet húan bás coitchen húa n‑epil cách, acht foircniter húa sain-bás sech cách.

     Let them not die by the common death by which everyone dies, but let them be ended by a special death different from everyone.

   • c. 850, Pangur Bán, stanza 1:

     Messe ocus Pangur Bán,   cechtar náthar fria sain-dán
     bíth a menma-sam fri seilgg   mu menma céin im sain-cheirdd.

     I and Pangur Bán, each of us two at his special art:
     his mind is at hunting, my own mind is in my special craft.

Usage notes

This adjective is usually used predicatively or prefixed to the noun it modifies, which (unless it starts with one of d l n s t) undergoes lenition. However, attributive uses are attested in the St. Gall Priscian glosses.

Inflection

i-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sain	sain	sain
Vocative	sain
Accusative	sain	sain
Genitive	sain	saine	sain
Dative	sain	sain	sain
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	saini	saini
Vocative	saini
Accusative	saini
Genitive	sain* saine
Dative	sainib
Notes	*not when substantivized

Mutation

Mutation of sain

radical	lenition	nasalization
sain	ṡain	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 sain”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin suīnus.

Noun

sain n (plural sainuri)

1. (archaic) pork meat

See also

• porc
• carne

Romansch

Alternative forms

• sein (Sursilvan)
• sagn (Sutsilvan, Surmiran)

Etymology

From Latin sinus (compare French sein, Italian seno, Romanian sân, Spanish seno).

Noun

sain m

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, anatomy) breast (of a woman)

Related terms

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran) pèz
• (Sutsilvan) péz
• (Puter, Vallader) pet

Scots

Etymology

From Middle English (whence also English sain), from Old English, from Latin. Cognate to Scottish Gaelic seun (“a charm”).

Verb

sain

1. to bless or consecrate
2. to make the sign of the cross, to genuflect

Southern Catanduanes Bicolano

Adverb

sàin

1. (interrogative, directive) where

   Sain mo siya nahiling?

   Where did you see him?

Related terms

• asain

 

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English sign.

Noun

sain

1. sign

Welsh

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sten- (“to roar”). Cognate with German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”), Ancient Greek στένω (sténō, “to moan, to sigh, to bewail”), Russian стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”), Sanskrit स्तनति (stánati, “to rattle, to rumble”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sai̯n/
• Rhymes: -ai̯n

Noun

sain f (plural seiniau, not mutable)

1. sound, audio

Usage notes

The word sŵn refers to a general "sound" or "noise" whereas the word sain refers to "sound" or "audio" in a more technical context.

Derived terms

• atsain (“echo”)
• cytsain (“consonant”)
• deusain (“diphthong”)
• persain (“symphony”)
• seindorf (“band”)
• seineg (“phonetics”)
• seinio (“(re)sound”, verb)

Related terms

• darstain (“resound, reverberate”)

Wobé

Pronunciation

• starts with a low tone and moves to a high tone

Adjective

sain

1. red, yellow