Orvanga parulio

Kiel legi la taksonomion Orvanga parulio
Orvanga parulio
Biologia klasado
Regno: Animaloj Animalia Filumo: Ĥorduloj Chordata Klaso: Birdoj Aves Ordo: Paseroformaj Passeriformes Familio: Paruliedoj Parulidae Genro: Dendroica Specio: 'D. chrysoparia'
Dunomo
Dendroica chrysoparia (Sclater & Salvin, 1861)
Konserva statuso
Konserva statuso: En danĝero
Aliaj Vikimediaj projektoj

La Orvanga parulio Dendroica chrysoparia estas paserina birdo de la familio de Paruliedoj de Ameriko kaj granda genro de Dendroica.

Aspekto

Ĝi estas birdo kiu montras tre rimarkindan belan flavegan vizaĝon ĉirkaŭatan de nigraj krono, nuko, kolo, gorĝareo kaj supra brusto kaj trapasata de traokula strio kiu atingas ĝis la nuko. Tiu flavega koloro kun iom da oranĝeca nuanco nomigas la specion en Esperanto, en la angla parolata en Teksaso kiel "Golden" (ora) kaj en la latina scienca nomo kie la radiko "ĥrisos" el la antikva greka signifas same "ora". La dorso estas griznigreca strieca kaj en flugiloj videblas klare du blankaj flugilstrioj. La subaj partoj estas helgrizecaj kun nigreca punktostrieco en flankoj.

Ĝi estas endanĝerita specio de birdo kiu reproduktiĝas en centra Teksaso, el Kantono Palo Pinto sudokcidenten laŭlonge de la orienta kaj suda bordo de la Eduarda Altebenaĵo al Kantono Kinney. La Orvanga parulio estas la ununura birdospecio kun reprodukta teritorio limigita al Teksaso.

Orvangaj parulioj nestumas en arboj de Junipero Juniperus ashei kaj kverkoj en ravinoj kaj kanjonoj. Ili uzas arboŝelon kaj araneretojn por konstrui siajn nestojn. La ino demetas 3 al 4 ovojn. Tiuj parulioj manĝas insektojn kaj araneojn. Ili vintrumas en suda Meksiko (Chiapas), Gvatemalo, Honduro kaj Nikaragvo.

La Orvanga parulio estas endanĝerita ĉar multaj arbaroj de junipero kaj kverko estis klarigitaj por konstrui domojn, ŝoseojn kaj magazenojn por rikoltoj aŭ herbo por brutobredado. Aliaj arbaroj estis inunditaj kiam oni konstruis grandaj digolagojn.

Referencoj

• BirdLife International (2004). Dendroica chrysoparia. Internacia Ruĝa Listo de Endanĝeritaj Specioj, eldono de 2006. IUCN 2006. Elŝutita 11a Majo 2006. Endanĝerita.

Eksteraj ligiloj

• BirdLife Species Factsheet
• Balcones Canyonland Preserve kun sonoj de la du tipoj de alvokoj

Plia legado

Libroj

• Harper SJ, Westervelt JD & Shapiro A-M. (2002). Management application of an agent-based model: Control of cowbirds at the landscape scale. In Gimblett, H Randy [Editor, Reprint Author] Integrating geographic information systems and agent-based modeling techniques for stimulating social and ecological processes:105-123, 2002. Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016.

• Ladd, C., and L. Gass. 1999. Golden-cheeked Warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia). In The Birds of North America, No. 420 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

• Pulich, W. M. 1976. The Golden-cheeked Warbler. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Austin, TX. 172pp.

• Shapiro A-MT, Harper SJ & Westervelt JD. (2004). The Fort Hood Avian Simulation Model-V: A spatially explicit population viability model for two endangered species. In Costanza, Robert [Editor, Reprint Author], Voinov, Alexey [Editor, Reprint Author] Landscape simulation modeling: A spatially explicit, dynamic approach:233-247, 2004. Springer-Verlag New York Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10010-7858.

Tezoj

• Reidy J.L. M.S. (2007). Golden-cheeked Warbler nest success and nest predators in urban and rural landscapes. University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.

• Lindsay DL. M.S. (2006). Genetic diversity of the endangered golden-cheeked warbler, Dendroica chrysoparia. University of Louisiana at Lafayette, United States, Louisiana.

• Coldren CL. Ph.D. (1998). The effects of habitat fragmentation on the golden-cheeked warbler. Texas A&M University, United States, Texas.

• Engels TM. Ph.D. (1995). The conservation biology of the golden-cheeked warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia). The University of Texas at Austin, United States, Texas.

• Hsu S-L. Ph.D. (1999). A model of environmental compromise between regulators and landowners under the Endangered Species Act. University of California, Davis, United States, California.

• Shaw DM. Ph.D. (1989). Applications of GIS and remote sensing for the characterization of habitat for threatened and endangered species. University of North Texas, United States, Texas.

• Stake MM. M.S. (2003). Golden-cheeked warbler nest predators and factors affecting nest predation. University of Missouri - Columbia, United States, Missouri.

Artikoloj

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• Joseph ADA. (2003). Green laws threaten to surround Fort Hood. Human Events. vol 59, no 15. p. 5.

• Kroll JC. (1980). Habitat Requirements of the Golden-Cheeked Warbler Dendroica-Chrysoparia Management Implications. Journal of Range Management. vol 33, no 1. p. 60-65.

• Lewis TJ, Ainley DG, Greenberg D & Greenberg R. (1974). A Golden-Cheeked Warbler on the Farallon Islands. Auk. vol 91, no 2. p. 411-412.

• Lockwood MW. (1996). Courtship behavior of Golden-cheeked Warblers. Wilson Bulletin. vol 108, no 3. p. 591-592.

• Lovette IJ & Hochachka WM. (2006). Simultaneous effects of phylogenetic niche conservatism and competition on avian community structure. Ecology. p. S) S14-S28, JUL 2006.

• Magness DR, Wilkins RN & Hejl SJ. (2006). Quantitative relationships among golden-cheeked warbler occurrence and landscape size, composition, and structure. Wildlife Society Bulletin. vol 34, no 2. p. 473-479.

• Mike MS & Paul MC. (2001). Removal of host nestlings and fecal sacs by Brown-headed Cowbirds. The Wilson Bulletin. vol 113, no 4. p. 456.

• Ortego B. (2000). Summary of highest counts of individuals for the United States. American Birds. vol 101, p. 661-666.

• Perrigo G, Brundage R, Barth R, Damude N, Benesh C, Fogg C & Gower J. (1990). Spring Migration Corridor of Golden-Cheeked Warblers in Tamaulipas Mexico. American Birds. vol 44, no 1. p. 28-31.

• Peterson TR & Horton CC. (1995). ROOTED IN THE SOIL - HOW UNDERSTANDING THE PERSPECTIVES OF LANDOWNERS CAN ENHANCE THE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISPUTES. Q J Speech. vol 81, no 2. p. 139-166.

• Petyk J. (2004). Predation of a Golden-cheeked Warbler nest by a Western Scrub-Jay. Wilson Bulletin. vol 116, no 3. p. 269-271.

• Pulich WM. (1969). Golden-Cheeked Warbler Threatened Bird of the Cedar-G Brakes Dendroica-Chrysoparia Ecology Conservation. National Parks Magazine. vol 43, no 258. p. 10-12.

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• Rising JD. (1988). Phenetic Relationships among the Warblers in the Dendroica-Virens Complex and a Record of Dendroica-Virens from Sonora Mexico. Wilson Bulletin. vol 100, no 2. p. 312-316.

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• Smeins FE & Moses ME. (1994). Temporal analysis of golden-cheeked warbler habitat fragmentation using remote sensing and GIS. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. vol 75, no 2 PART 2. p. 213-214.

• Stake MM. (2001). Predation by a Great Plains rat snake on an adult female Golden-cheeked Warbler. Wilson Bulletin. vol 113, no 4. p. 460-461.

• Stake MM & Cavanagh PM. (2001). Removal of host nestlings and fecal sacs by Brown-headed Cowbirds. Wilson Bulletin. vol 113, no 4. p. 456-459.

• Stake MM, Faaborg J & Thompson FR, III. (2004). Video identification of predators at Golden-cheeked Warbler nests. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol 75, no 4. p. 337-344.

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