( a + b ) ( a 2 ab + b2 ) = a3 + b3 ( a + b ) ( a3 a 2 b + ab2 b3 ) = a 4 b4 ( a + b ) ( a 4 a3b + a 2 b2 ab3 + b4 ) = a5 + b5 ( a + b ) ( a5 a 4 b + a3b2 a 2 b3 + ab4 b5 ) = a 6 b6

( a + b ) ( 1)
k =1
n

0 30 45 60 90

k +1

a n k b k 1 = a n + b n n

tg ctg sec csc 0 1 1 3 2 3 2 3 2 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 3 2 2 3 3 2 12 0 0 1 1

sen cos

0 12

Grfica 4. Las funciones trigonomtricas inversas arcctg x , arcsec x , arccsc x :

4

impar par

y = sen x y = cos x y = tg x

VALOR ABSOLUTO
a si a 0 a = a si a < 0 a = a a a y a a a 0y a =0 a=0 ab = a b
n n

( a + b ) ( 1)
a1 + a2 +

a n k b k 1 = a n b n n k =1 SUMAS Y PRODUCTOS
k +1

y , 2 2 y [ 0, ] y

1 1 ( + ) cos ( ) 2 2 1 1 sen sen = 2 sen ( ) cos ( + ) 2 2 1 1 cos + cos = 2 cos ( + ) cos ( ) 2 2 1 1 cos cos = 2sen ( + ) sen ( ) 2 2 sen + sen = 2sen

-1

tg tg =
arc ctg x arc sec x arc csc x 0 5

sen ( ) cos cos

+ an = ak
k =1

, 2 2 y 0,

-2 -5

c = nc
k =1 n

1 y = ctg x = tg x

IDENTIDADES TRIGONOMTRICAS

a
k =1

k n

= ak
k =1 n

ca
k =1 n k =1 n

= c ak
k =1 n n

a+b a + b

a k ak
k =1 k =1

( ak + bk ) = ak + bk
k =1 k =1

EXPONENTES

1 y = sec x = cos y [ 0, ] x 1 y = csc x = sen y , x 2 2 Grfica 1. Las funciones trigonomtricas: sen x , cos x , tg x :
2 1.5

sen + cos2 = 1
2

1 sen ( ) + sen ( + ) 2 1 sen sen = cos cos + ( ) ( ) 2 sen cos = cos cos =
tg tg =

1 + ctg 2 = csc2 tg 2 + 1 = sec2 sen ( ) = sen cos ( ) = cos tg ( ) = tg

sen ( + 2 ) = sen cos ( + 2 ) = cos tg ( + 2 ) = tg sen ( + ) = sen cos ( + ) = cos tg ( + ) = tg sen ( + n ) = ( 1) sen
n

1 cos ( ) + cos ( + ) 2

tg + tg ctg + ctg FUNCIONES HIPERBLICAS

a a = a
p q

p+q

(a
k =1

ak 1 ) = an a0

(a )

ap = a pq aq
p q

= a pq
p

a + ( k 1) d = 2 2a + ( n 1) d
k =1

0.5

(a b)
p

= ap bp

ap a = p b b a
p/q

ar
k =1 n

k 1

n (a + l ) 2 n a rl 1 r =a = 1 r 1 r =

0 -0.5 -1 sen x cos x tg x -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8

-1.5 -2 -8

= a
q

LOGARITMOS log a N = x a x = N
log a MN = log a M + log a N M log a = log a M log a N N log a N r = r log a N log b N ln N log a N = = log b a ln a log10 N = log N y log e N = ln N

1 2 ( n + n) 2 k =1 n 1 k 2 = ( 2n3 + 3n 2 + n ) 6 k =1 n 1 k 3 = ( n 4 + 2n3 + n 2 ) 4 k =1 n 1 4 k = ( 6n5 + 15n4 + 10n3 n ) 30 k =1

k =

Grfica 2. Las funciones trigonomtricas csc x , sec x , ctg x :

2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 -8 csc x sec x ctg x -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8

cos ( + n ) = ( 1) cos
n

tg ( + n ) = tg

e x e x 2 e x + e x cosh x = 2 senh x e x e x tgh x = = cosh x e x + e x 1 e x + e x ctgh x = = tgh x e x e x 1 2 sech x = = cosh x e x + e x 1 2 = csch x = senh x e x e x senh x =
senh : [1, 1,1 {0} , 1 1, 0,1] {0} {0} cosh : tgh : ctgh : sech : csch :

sen ( n ) = 0 cos ( n ) = ( 1) tg ( n ) = 0
n 2n + 1 sen = ( 1) 2 2n + 1 cos =0 2 n

1+ 3 + 5 + n! = k
k =1 n

+ ( 2n 1) = n

ALGUNOS PRODUCTOS a ( c + d ) = ac + ad

( a + b ) ( a b ) = a2 b2 2 ( a + b ) ( a + b ) = ( a + b ) = a 2 + 2ab + b2 2 ( a b ) ( a b ) = ( a b ) = a 2 2ab + b 2 ( x + b ) ( x + d ) = x 2 + ( b + d ) x + bd ( ax + b ) ( cx + d ) = acx 2 + ( ad + bc ) x + bd ( a + b ) ( c + d ) = ac + ad + bc + bd 3 ( a + b ) = a3 + 3a 2b + 3ab2 + b3 3 ( a b ) = a3 3a 2b + 3ab2 b3 2 ( a + b + c ) = a 2 + b2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc

( a b ) ( a + ab + b ) = a b ( a b ) ( a3 + a 2 b + ab2 + b3 ) = a 4 b4 ( a b ) ( a 4 + a3b + a 2 b2 + ab3 + b 4 ) = a5 b5
2 2 3 3

n n! , kn = k ( n k )!k ! n n n ( x + y ) = xnk y k k =0 k

Grfica 5. Las funciones hiperblicas senh x ,

2n + 1 tg = 2

cosh x , tgh x :
5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 se nh x co sh x tgh x 0 5

Grfica 3. Las funciones trigonomtricas inversas arcsen x , arccos x , arctg x :

sen = cos 2 cos = sen + 2

sen ( ) = sen cos cos sen cos ( ) = cos cos sen sen tg tg tg ( ) = 1 tg tg sen 2 = 2sen cos cos 2 = cos 2 sen 2

( x1 + x2 +

+ xk )

n! n2 = x1n1 x2 n1 !n2 ! nk !

nk k

CONSTANTES = 3.14159265359 e = 2.71828182846 TRIGONOMETRA CO 1 sen = csc = HIP sen CA 1 cos = sec = HIP cos sen CO 1 tg = ctg = = cos CA tg

FUNCIONES HIPERBLICAS INV

-1

arc sen x arc cos x arc tg x -2 -1 0 1 2 3

senh 1 x = ln x + x 2 + 1 , x cosh 1 x = ln x x 2 1 , x 1 1 1+ x tgh 1 x = ln , x < 1 2 1 x 1 x +1 ctgh 1 x = ln , x > 1 2 x 1 1 1 x2 , 0 < x 1 sech 1 x = ln x 2 1 x +1 1 , x 0 csch x = ln + x x

-2 -3

( a b ) a n k b k 1 = a n b n
k =1

radianes=180

HIP CA

CO

2 tg tg 2 = 1 tg 2 1 sen 2 = (1 cos 2 ) 2 1 cos 2 = (1 + cos 2 ) 2 1 cos 2 tg 2 = 1 + cos 2

( (

) )

IDENTIDADES DE FUNCS HIP

cosh 2 x senh 2 x = 1 1 tgh x = sech x

2 2

ctgh 2 x 1 = csch x senh ( x ) = senh x cosh ( x ) = cosh x tgh ( x ) = tgh x

d dv du ( uv ) = u + v dx dx dx d dw dv du ( uvw) = uv + uw + vw dx dx dx dx d u v ( du dx ) u ( dv dx ) = 2 dx v v d n du u ) = nu n 1 ( dx dx

senh ( x y ) = senh x cosh y cosh x senh y cosh ( x y ) = cosh x cosh y senh x senh y tgh x tgh y 1 tgh x tgh y senh 2 x = 2senh x cosh x tgh ( x y ) = cosh 2 x = cosh x + senh x
2 2

dF dF du = (Regla de la Cadena) dx du dx du 1 = dx dx du dF dF du = dx dx du x = f1 ( t ) dy dy dt f 2 ( t ) = = donde dx dx dt f1( t ) y = f2 ( t ) DERIVADA DE FUNCS LOG & EXP d du dx 1 du = ( ln u ) = dx u u dx d log e du ( log u ) = dx u dx log e du d ( log a u ) = a a > 0, a 1 dx u dx d u du e ) = eu ( dx dx d u du u = ln a a a ( ) dx dx d v du dv + ln u u v u ) = vu v 1 ( dx dx dx DERIVADA DE FUNCIONES TRIGO d du ( sen u ) = cos u dx dx d du ( cos u ) = sen u dx dx d du ( tg u ) = sec2 u dx dx d du ( ctg u ) = csc2 u dx dx d du ( sec u ) = sec u tg u dx dx d du ( csc u ) = csc u ctg u dx dx d du ( vers u ) = sen u dx dx DERIV DE FUNCS TRIGO INVER d du 1 ( sen u ) = dx 1 u 2 dx

tgh 2 x =

2 tgh x 1 + tgh 2 x

DERIVADA DE FUNCS HIPERBLICAS d du senh u = cosh u dx dx d du cosh u = senh u dx dx d du tgh u = sech 2 u dx dx d du ctgh u = csch 2 u dx dx d du sech u = sech u tgh u dx dx d du csch u = csch u ctgh u dx dx DERIVADA DE FUNCS HIP INV 1 d du senh 1 u = dx 1 + u 2 dx
-1 + 1 d du si cosh u > 0 , u >1 cosh 1 u = -1 dx u 2 1 dx si cosh u < 0 d 1 du , u <1 tgh 1 u = dx 1 u 2 dx d 1 du 1 , u >1 ctgh u = dx 1 u 2 dx 1 1 d du si sech u > 0, u 0,1 sech 1 u = 1 dx u < 0, u 0,1 + si sech u 1 u 2 dx d 1 du 1 csch u = , u0 dx u 1 + u 2 dx

INTEGRALES DE FUNCS LOG & EXP

e du = e
u u

a du = ln a a 1
u

a u a > 0 au
u

u ua du = ln a ln a

tgh udu = ln cosh u ctgh udu = ln senh u sech udu = tg ( senh u ) csch udu = ctgh ( cosh u )
1

ue du = e ( u 1) ln udu =u ln u u = u ( ln u 1)
u

u 1 ( u ln u u ) = ( ln u 1) ln a ln a 2 u u log a udu = 4 ( 2log a u 1) 2 u u ln udu = 4 ( 2ln u 1) INTEGRALES DE FUNCS TRIGO

log

udu =

1 = ln tgh u 2 INTEGRALES DE FRAC du 1 u u 2 + a 2 = a tg a u 1 = ctg a a du 1 ua 2 2 u 2 a 2 = 2a ln u + a ( u > a ) 1 a+u du 2 2 a 2 u 2 = 2a ln a u ( u < a )

INTEGRALES CON

senh 2 x =

1 ( cosh 2 x 1) 2 1 2 cosh x = ( cosh 2 x + 1) 2 cosh 2 x 1 tgh 2 x = cosh 2 x + 1 tgh x = senh 2 x cosh 2 x + 1

e x = cosh x + senh x e x = cosh x senh x

OTRAS

INTEGRALES DEFINIDAS, PROPIEDADES

ax + bx + c = 0
2

x=

b b 2 4ac 2a b 2 4ac = discriminante

exp ( i ) = e ( cos i sen ) si ,

LMITES
lim (1 + x ) x = e = 2.71828...
x 0 1

1 lim 1 + = e x x sen x =1 lim x 0 x 1 cos x =0 lim x 0 x ex 1 =1 lim x 0 x x 1 =1 lim x 1 ln x

{ f ( x ) g ( x )} dx = f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx cf ( x ) dx = c f ( x ) dx c f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx f ( x ) dx = 0 m ( b a ) f ( x ) dx M ( b a )
b b b a a a b b a a b c b a a c b a a b a a b

sen udu = cos u cos udu = sen u sec udu = tg u csc udu = ctg u sec u tg udu = sec u csc u ctg udu = csc u tg udu = ln cos u = ln sec u ctg udu = ln sen u sec udu = ln sec u + tg u csc udu = ln csc u ctg u
2 2

du a2 u2

= sen

u a u a

= cos

du u 2 a2 du

= ln u + u 2 a 2

u 1 sen 2u 2 4 u 1 2 cos udu = 2 + 4 sen 2u

sen
2

udu =

m f ( x ) M x [ a, b ] , m, M
b

tg udu = tg u u ctg udu = ( ctg u + u )

2

1 u u a 2 u 2 = a ln a + a 2 u 2 1 du a u u 2 a 2 = a cos u 1 u = sec a a u 2 a2 u 2 2 2 a u du = 2 a u + 2 sen a 2 u 2 a 2 2 2 2 2 u a du = 2 u a 2 ln u + u a MS INTEGRALES

f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
b a a b b a a

f ( x ) g ( x ) x [ a, b ]

u sen udu = sen u u cos u u cos udu = cos u + u sen u

INTEGRALES DE FUNCS TRIGO INV

e au ( a sen bu b cos bu ) a 2 + b2 e au ( a cos bu + b sen bu ) au e cos bu du = a 2 + b2 ALGUNAS SERIES

au

sen bu du =

f ( x ) dx f ( x ) dx si a < b
INTEGRALES

DERIVADAS f ( x + x ) f ( x ) df y Dx f ( x ) = = lim = lim x 0 x dx x0 x d (c) = 0 dx d ( cx ) = c dx d ( cx n ) = ncxn1 dx d du dv dw (u v w ) = dx dx dx dx d du ( cu ) = c dx dx

d du 1 ( cos u ) = dx 1 u 2 dx d 1 du ( tg u ) = dx 1 + u 2 dx d 1 du ( ctg u ) = 2 dx 1 + u dx d du + si u > 1 1 ( sec u ) = 2 dx u u 1 dx si u < 1 d du si u > 1 1 ( csc u ) = dx u u 2 1 dx + si u < 1 d du 1 ( vers u ) = dx 2u u 2 dx

adx =ax af ( x ) dx = a f ( x ) dx ( u v w ) dx = udx vdx wdx udv = uv vdu ( Integracin por partes ) u du = n + 1
n

sen udu = u sen u + 1 u cos udu = u cos u 1 u tg udu = u tg u ln 1 + u ctg udu = u ctg u + ln 1 + u sec udu = u sec u ln ( u + u
2 2 2 2

f ( x ) = f ( x0 ) + f ' ( x0 )( x x0 ) + + + f(
n)

f '' ( x0 )( x x0 ) 2! : Taylor

( x0 )( x x0 )
n!

f '' ( 0 ) x 2 f ( x ) = f ( 0) + f '( 0) x + 2!
2

) )

u n +1

= u sec u cosh u
2 csc udu = u csc u + ln u + u 1

n 1

du

= ln u

= u csc u + cosh u INTEGRALES DE FUNCS HIP

( 0 ) x n : Maclaurin n! x 2 x3 xn ex = 1 + x + + + + + n! 2! 3! x3 x 5 x 7 x 2 n 1 n 1 sen x = x + + + ( 1) 3! 5! 7! ( 2n 1)!

+ + f(
n)

senh udu = cosh u cosh udu = senh u sech udu = tgh u csch udu = ctgh u sech u tgh udu = sech u csch u ctgh udu = csch u
2 2

cos x = 1

x2 x4 x6 + + 2! 4! 6!

+ ( 1)

n 1

( 2n 2 )!

x 2n2

ln (1 + x ) = x

n x 2 x3 x 4 n 1 x + + + ( 1) n 2 3 4 2 n 1 x3 x5 x7 n 1 x tg x = x + + + ( 1) 3 5 7 2n 1