Verbo TO BE Ser o Estar

El verbo TO BE, que en castellano se traduce como SER o ESTAR, en el idioma ingls goza de una particular importancia. Su significado depende del sentido de la oracin. Por ejemplo: I am a doctor. Soy un doctor. (Se aplica como verbo ser) I am in my house. Estoy en mi casa. (Se aplica como verbo estar) En el siguiente cuadro se puede observar su declinacin en el modo indicativo del Presente Simple:

Tanto en el modo afirmativo como en la forma negativa pueden utilizarse las siguientes contracciones:

Ahora veremos la conjugacin del verbo TO BE en el Pasado Simple, tiempo verbal que corresponde al equivalente en castellano del Pretrito Imperfecto y Pretrito Indefinido:

Aqu tambin se pueden utilizar las formas contradas nicamente en la forma negativa:

Un detalle a tener en cuenta, es que las contracciones generalmente se usan durante una conversacin y no as en la escritura, salvo que se trate de un texto informal o que transcriba un dilogo. Cabe destacar que el verbo TO BE tambin se utiliza en algunos casos especiales que difieren de idioma espaol, como por ejemplo:

Sirve para expresar la edad y tambin sensaciones, en cuyo caso se traduce como tener:

John is 15 years old. John tiene 15 aos. Peter is hungry. Pedro tiene hambre.

Otro caso particular es cuando se habla del clima y entonces se traducir como hacer:

It is hot. Hace calor. Existen otros casos donde el verbo TO BE se emplea como auxiliar para conjugar tiempos verbales y tambin para dar rdenes de manera impersonal que desarrollaremos en una prxima entrega. Ahora te proponemos que intentes realizar oraciones simples utilizando distintos pronombres y las formas explicadas de este verbo.

Lecciones Relacionadas y Ejercicios:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Verbo TO HAVE Tener o Haber Verbo TO DO Hacer Presente Continuo o Progresivo Question Tags Futuro Simple (Simple Future) Oraciones Condicionales: Segundo Tipo

Este artculo fue guardado en Sin categora el 17/03/2008.

http://www.aulafacil.com/CursoIngles/Clase3.htm

have-verbo tener padecer haber tomar poseer llevar permitir tolerar echarse parir dar a luz pegar have, keep, bear, own, hold, possess suffer, have, suffer from, endure, undergo, bear Have take, have, drink, catch, take up, take on possess, own, have carry, take, bring, lead, wear, bear allow, enable, permit, let, give, empower tolerate, stand, endure, countenance, abide, permit lie, lie down, throw, lay down, stretch out, throw oneself give birth, calve, bear, bring forth, foal, have give birth, give birth to, bring forth, bear, have paste, stick, glue, hit, strike, beat

dormir con have, take to bed

ome / Grammar / Topic

Possessive Adjectives
Notes:
1. 2. The written lesson is below. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left.

Possessive adjectives are used to show ownership.

mi libro my book tu pluma your pen

There are five possessive adjectives.

mi tu su nuestro vuestro

Three possessive adjectives (mi, tu, su) have only two forms, singular and plural.
mi mis tu tus su sus

Possessive adjectives agree with the nouns they modify. That is, they agree with the thing possessed, not the possessor.
mi libro my book mis libros my books tu pluma your pen

tus plumas your pens

Mi, tu and su do not have masculine and feminine forms. They stay the same, regardless of the gender of the nouns they modify.
mi amigo mi amiga tus hermanos tus hermanas su libro sus plumas

Mi means "my" ; tu means "your."

Mi casa es tu casa. My house is your house.

Su, like tu, can mean "your." The difference between your (tu) and your (su) lies in the degree of formality the speaker wishes to convey.
Mi casa es tu casa. (speaking to someone you would address as "t") Mi casa es su casa. (speaking to someone you would address as "usted")

Note: The two words "tu" and "t" are pronounced the same. T (with the written accent) is the subject pronoun meaning "you" (informal). Tu (without the written accent) is the possessive adjective meaning "your" (informal).

Su has four meanings: his, her, their and your (formal).

Mara busca a su hermana. Mara is looking for her sister. Juan busca a su hermana. Juan is looking for his sister. Ellos buscan a su hermana. They are looking for their sister. Su madre busca a su hermana. Your mother is looking for your sister.

If the meaning of su is not clear from the context of the sentence, a prepositional phrase is used in place of su.
Mara busca a la hermana de l. Mara looks for his sister. El hombre busca las llaves de ella. The man looks for her keys. Mara busca el cuaderno de Juan. Mara looks for Juan's notebook. El hombre busca las llaves de Samanta. The man looks for Samanta's keys.

Two possessive adjectives (nuestro and vuestro) have four forms.

nuestro nuestra nuestros nuestras vuestro vuestra vuestros vuestras

Nuestro means "our."

nuestro hermano our brother nuestra hermana our sister nuestros hermanos our brothers nuestras hermanas our sisters

Vuestro means "your" (familiar, plural). Like vosotros, vuestro is primarily used in Spain.
vuestro libro your book vuestra pluma your pen vuestros libros your books vuestras plumas your pens

Here are all of the possessive adjectives:

mi(s) my tu(s) your (fam. sing.)

su(s) his, her, your (formal), their nuestro(-a, -os, -as) our vuestro(-a, -os, -as) your (fam. pl.)

Note that these possessive adjectives are not used with articles of clothing or body parts. Rather, the definite article is used.
Me gusta el vestido nuevo. I like my new dress Me duele el brazo. My arm hurts.

The possessive adjectives in English are "My, your, his, her, our, their". They show to whom things belong or, in other words, possession. They are adjectives which modify a noun (or nouns).
In Spanish, all adjectives must agree in number and usually gender. So the possessive adjectives also must agree with the items being owned. For example,

if I have one book, it is my book: mi libro but if I have two books, they are my books: mis libros.

The possessive adjectives match only the items being possessed (owned.) They do not reflect how many owners there are or the gender of the owner/s.
Here is a chart of the possessive adjectives:

Yo form : My
mi (singular): mi cuaderno mi mochila

mis (plural):

mis cuadernos

mis mochilas

T form: Your
tu (singular) tus (plural): tu cuaderno tus cuadernos tu mochila tus mochilas

l, ella, usted form: His, her, your (polite form)

su (singular): sus (plural) su cuaderno sus cuadernos su mochila sus mochilas

Ellos, ellas, ustedes form: Their, your (all y'all's)(polite form)

su (singular): sus (plural): su cuaderno sus cuadernos su mochila sus mochilas

Nosotros form: Our Since the Nosotros possessive form ends in o, it has four (4) forms like any other adjective ending in o. It must agree in gender as well as number.

masculine nuestro/a(singular): nuestros/as(plural): nuestro cuaderno nuestroscuadernos

feminine nuestra mochila nuestrasmochilas

There is no possessive "S" in Spanish.

When we ask, "Whose book is it?" De quin es el libro?

We can answer, "It is her book." Es su libro. If we want to answer, "It is Susana's book", we cannot say *Es Susana's libro. We must say, Es el libro de Susana.
Pronombres

Los pronombres en ingls pueden clasificarse en: personales (o nominales), acusativos, indefinidos, posesivos, relativos y recprocos. Los pronombres son palabras que sealan o sustituyen a otras que normalmente ya se han nombrado. Pronombres PersonalesI, you, he, she, it, we, you, theyPronombres Acusativosme, you, him, her, it, us, you, themAdjetivos Posesivosmy, your, his her, its, our, your, theirPronombres Posesivosmine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirsPronombres Reflexivosmyself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, Pronombres Indefinidosanyone, someone, nobody, everybody, anybody, Pronombres Relativosthat, who, whose, which, whomPronombres Recprocoseach other, one another

Vistos en perspectiva
Pronombres Personales I you he she it Pronombres Acusativos me you him her it us Adjetivos Posesivos my your his her its our Pronombres Posesivos mine yours his hers -ours Pronombres Reflexivos myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves

you they

you them

your their

yours theirs

yourselves themselves

Pronombres Indefinidos everybody everyone everything nobody no one nothing somebody someone something anybody anyone anything

Pronombres Relativos who which that whom whose

Pronombres Recprocos each other / one another

Necesitas ms ayuda?

Presente Simple Verbo to Be en Negativo

Posted by wlingua on 26/07/2011Leave a comment (0)Go to comments

En la anterior entrada vimos la forma de conjugar el Presente Simple del verbo to Be en afirmativo. Hacer la negacin del verbo to be es muy simple , solo tenemos que aadir despus del verbo la partcula not, como mostramos a continuacin: I am not -> Yo no soy/estoy You are not -> T no eres/ests He is not -> l no es/est She is not -> Ella no es/est It is not -> Ello no es/est We are not -> Nosotros(-as) no somos/estamos You are not -> Vosotros(-as) no sois/estis They are not -> Ellos(-as) no son/estn

Forma contrada del presente simple del verbo to be en negativo:

Podemos realizar dos contracciones:

1. El sujeto con el verbo, como vimos el la leccin del presente del verbo to be. 2. El verbo con la partcula de negacin not. Veamos en una tabla estas formas:

Forma no contrada

Forma contrada uniendo el verbo y not

Forma contrada uniendo pronombre y verbo Im not

I am not

you are not he is not she is not it is not we are not you are not they are not
Observaciones:

you arent he isnt she isnt it isnt we arent you arent they arent

youre not hes not shes not its not were not youre not theyre not

En ingls no existe una contraccin para am + not Las contracciones sobre todo se utilizan en ingls hablado y en algunos casos en ingls escrito, sobre todo en dilogos, cartas y escritos informales. Si bien, ambos tipos de contracciones son correctas, la ms comn es cuando contraemos el pronombre personal con el verbo TO BE (Im not, Youre not, Hes not, etc)

Frases en presente simple negativo del verbo to be:

El siguiente vdeo contiene las frases de ejemplo del verbo to be en forma negativa, con su pronunciacin en ingls americano y britnico:

Im not Peter Yo no soy Pedro Im not in Sweden Yo no estoy en Suecia Youre not ugly T no eres feo Youre not in Paris T no ests en Pars Hes not in the street l no est en la calle Shes not beautiful Ella no es hermosa It isnt wonderful No es una maravilla We arent happy Nosotros no somos felices

Prepositions
Exercises on Prepositions Prepositions are short words (on, in, to) that usually stand in front of nouns (sometimes also in front of gerund verbs). Even advanced learners of English find prepositions difficult, as a 1:1 translation is usually not possible. One preposition in your native language might have several translations depending on the situation. There are hardly any rules as to when to use which preposition. The only way to learn prepositions is looking them up in adictionary, reading a lot in English (literature) and learning useful phrases off by heart (study tips). The following table contains rules for some of the most frequently used prepositions in English:

Prepositions Time
English
on in at since for ago before to past days of the week months / seasons time of day year after a certain period of time (when?) for night for weekend a certain point of time (when?) from a certain point of time (past till now) over a certain period of time (past till now) a certain time in the past earlier than a certain point of time telling the time telling the time

Usage
on Monday in August / in winter in the morning in 2006 in an hour at night at the weekend at half past nine since 1980 for 2 years 2 years ago before 2004 ten to six (5:50) ten past six (6:10)

Example

English
to / till / until till / until by

Usage
marking the beginning and end of a period of time

Example
from Monday to/till Friday

in the sense of how long something is going to last in the sense of at the latest up to a certain time

He is on holiday until Friday. I will be back by 6 oclock. By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.

Prepositions Place (Position and Direction)

English
in at

Usage
room, building, street, town, country book, paper etc. car, taxi picture, world meaning next to, by an object for table for events

Example
in the kitchen, in London in the book in the car, in a taxi in the picture, in the world at the door, at the station at the table at a concert, at the party at the cinema, at school, at work

place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work) attached for a place with a river being on a surface for a certain side (left, right) for a floor in a house for public transport for television, radio left or right of somebody or something

on

the picture on the wall London lies on the Thames. on the table on the left on the first floor on the bus, on a plane on TV, on the radio

by, next to, beside under below over

Jane is standing by / next to / besid

on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else lower than something else but above ground covered by something else

the bag is under the table the fish are below the surface put a jacket over your shirt

English
above across through to into towards meaning more than

Usage

Example
over 16 years of age walk over the bridge climb over the wall a path above the lake walk across the bridge swim across the lake drive through the tunnel go to the cinema go to London / Ireland go to bed go into the kitchen / the house go 5 steps towards the house

getting to the other side (also across) overcoming an obstacle higher than something else, but not directly over it getting to the other side (also over) getting to the other side something with limits on top, bottom and the sides movement to person or building movement to a place or country for bed enter a room / a building

movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it) movement to the top of something in the sense of where from

onto from

jump onto the table a flower from the garden

Other important Prepositions

English
from of by on in off who gave it who/what does it belong to what does it show who made it walking or riding on horseback entering a public transport vehicle entering a car / Taxi leaving a public transport vehicle

Usage
a present from Jane a page of the book the picture of a palace a book by Mark Twain on foot, on horseback get on the bus get in the car get off the train

Example

English
out of by at leaving a car / Taxi

Usage
get out of the taxi

Example

rise or fall of something travelling (other than walking or horseriding) for age for topics, meaning what about

prices have risen by 10 percent by car, by bus she learned Russian at 45 we were talking about you

about

Exercises on Prepositions
Exercise on Prepositions Place 1 Exercise on Prepositions Place 2 Exercise on Prepositions Place 3 Exercise on Prepositions Place 4 Exercise on Prepositions Place 5 Exercise on Prepositions Time 1 Exercise on Prepositions Time 2 Exercise on Prepositions since and for See also: Date and Time Exercise on Prepositions Buses Exercise on Prepositions A picture Exercise on Prepositions A photograph Exercise on Prepositions The Wampanoag Exercise on Prepositions George Washington Exercise on Prepositions Henry Ford Exercise on Prepositions McDonalds Exercise on Prepositions Uluru

Significado de "to be"

- El verbo "to be" significa ser o estar.
Entre los usos del verbo to be estn:

Indicar profesin

I am a pilot yo soy piloto

Expresar sentimientos

I am tired yo estoy cansado

Informar sobre precios/dinero

How much is the car? Cundo cuesta el coche?

Informar sobre la edad

I am ten years old tengo diez aos - To be es uno de los verbos auxiliares en ingls junto con to do, to have y will. 'To be' cuando realiza el papel de verbo auxiliar carece de significado. to be se usa de auxiliar en los siguientes tiempos verbales:

Presente continuo (present continuous) Pasado continuo (past continuous) Pluscuamperfecto continuo (past perfect continuous) Futuro continuo (futur continuous)

Adicionalmente se usa como auxiliar para construir la voz pasiva.

Gramtica
El verbo to be es el nico verbo copulativo pleno en ingls, lo que significa que utilizaadjetivos en lugar de adverbios para completar el significado del verbo: My boss is good Mi jefe es bueno

Conjugacin del verbo "to be"

El verbo to be es muy irregular, afortunadamente en ingls los tiempos verbales simples son pocos (los que son necesarios aprender de memoria), la mayora de los tiempos verbales son compuestos donde el verbo "to be" es regular.

Presente Simple ( Present Simple)

La estructura es: [SUJETO] + am/are/is
Conjugacin I am you are he is she is it is we are you are they are Significado yo soy t eres l es ella es ello es nosotros somos vosotros sois ellos son

La mayora de verbos usa el verbo to do como auxiliar ('do/does'). Pero el verbo to be en present simple forma la negacin y la interrogacin de manera distinta al resto al resto de verbos. am/are/is actan como auxiliar: Oraciones interrogativas: Are you a student? Eres un estudiante? Oraciones negativas: He is not your teacher l no es tu profesor

Presente Continuo ( Present Continuous)

Este tiempo tiene la forma: [SUJETO] + am/are/is + being
Conjugacin I am being you are being he is being she is being it is being we are being you are being Significado yo estoy siendo t ests siendo l est siendo ella est siendo ello est siendo nosotros estamos siendo vosotros estis siendo

they are being ellos estn siendo

Pasado Simple ( Past simple)

La construccin de este tiempo es: SUJETO + was/were
Conjugacin I was you were he was she was it was we were you were they were Significado yo fui t fuisteis l fue ella fue ello fue nosotros fuimos vosotros fuisteis ellos fueron

NOTA: La interrogacin y la negacin del verbo to be no se forma con el auxiliar did en el "past simple" como el resto de verbos sino que was/were hace las veces de auxiliar:

Oracin interrogativa: Where were you last night? Dnde estabas anoche? Oracin negativa: You weren't in love with me T no estabas enamorada de mi

Subjuntivo
El verbo to be es el nico verbo en ingls que tiene subjuntivo. La estructura es: SUJETO + were
Conjugacin I were you were he were she were it were we were you were they were Significado yo fuera t fueras l fuera ella fuera ello fuera nosotros furamos vosotros fuerais ellos fueran

Imperativo ( imperative)
Conjugacin be do not be Significado se/seis
no seas / no seis

Participio

Conjugacin been

Significado estado, sido

Interrogacin con el verbo "to be"

La interrogacin se forma invirtiendo el orden del sujeto y del verbo. La oracin afirmativa siguiente: you are beautiful t eres preciosa Se convierte en interrogativa, intercambiando el orden del sujeto y del verbo: are you beautiful? eres preciosa? Recordad que la formacin de la interrogacin es diferente para el verbo "to be" que para los verbos normales (donde para los tiempos simples se usa un auxiliar para formar la interrogacin).

La negacin con el verbo "to be"

La negacin se construye aadiendo el adverbio "not": La oracin afirmativa siguiente: he is an actor l es un actor Se convierte en negativa aadiendo "not": he is not an actor l no es un actor

Contracciones con el verbo "to be"

Con una frecuencia muy elevada los pronombres personales y el verbo "to be" contrae:

Contracciones del Presente Simple (afirmacin)

Sin contraer I am you are he is she is it is we are you are they are Contrado I'm you're he's she's it's we're you're they're

Contracciones del Presente Simple (negacin)

Sin contraer I am not you are not he is not she is not it is not we are not you are not they are not Contrado I'm not you're not you aren't he's not o he isn't she's not o she isn't it's not o it isn't we're not o we aren't you're not o you aren't they're not o they aren't

Como se puede observar para todas las persona menos para la primera del singular existen 2 posibilidades de contraccin. Por ejemplo: you are not se contrae en you're not si se quiere destacar el not o en you aren't si se quiere destacar you. Existe la posibilidad aunque se usa muy poco de utilizar una doble contraccin: you are not se contrae en you'ren't

Contracciones del Pasado Simple (negacin)

Sin contraer I was not you were not he was not she was not it was not we were not you were not they were not Contrado I wasn't you weren't he wasn't she wasn't it wasn't we weren't you weren't they weren't