Lecciones de Ingles

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Lo primero es aprender los verbos básicos, tales como los ya mencionados anteriormente, puesto que
son los verbos más importantes y de más uso diario.
El siguiente paso es la gramática básica: empezar por el imperativo, luego con el presente continuo, el
presente simple, luego trabajar los artículos, pronombres personales de sujeto y preposiciones básicas.
Aprender el vocabulario básico tal como sustantivos y adjetivos.
Lección 1: English alphabet
A (ei) B (bi) C (ci) D (di) E (i) F (ef) G (ghi) H (eich) I (ai) J (ghei) K (kei) L (el) M (em)
N (en) O (ou) P (pi) Q (kiu) R (ar) S (es) T (ti) U (iu) V (vi) W (dabliu) Y (uai) Z (zed/zi)
Sonidos especiales: gh (ye), z (s zumbada
Pronunciación diferida: B y V – B es sonido labial V es un sonido dental.
Consonantes dobles y al final de las palabras son marcadas.
Las vocales tienen doble sonido, sonido corto y sonido largo (ej. U con UP (ap) y Universe (iuniverse).
Lección 2: Subject pronouns
I (yo) (siempre con mayúscula independiente del orden en que se encuentre inserto)
You (tú/usted)
He/she/it (él/ella) (it se traduce como él/ella eso/cosas a veces se omite)
We (nosotros)
You (vosotros/ustedes) (se diferencia del you=tú dependiendo del contexto)
They (ellos) (pronunciación Th como una dh dental)
Lección 3: How to conjugate verbs in English
SIMPLE PRESENT: In the simple present, most regular verbs use the root form (infinitivos), except
in the third-person singular (which ends in -s).
Atención con el verbo to be ya que es irregular y su conjugación sería am, are.
How to make the simple present negative
The formula for making a simple present verb negative is do/does + not + [root form of verb].
How to ask a question: The formula for asking a question in the simple present is do/does + [subject]
+ [root form of verb].
Verbo sin conjugar (infinitivo), los verbos en infinitivos se ven precedidos por el auxiliar to (ej, to run,
to speak, to eat). Sólo la 3ª persona singular se conjuga (agrega una -s al final del verbo).
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SIMPLE PAST: The simple past is a verb tense that is used to talk about things that happened or
existed before now. Imagine someone asks what your brother Wolfgang did while he was in town last
weekend.
Example: Wolfgang entered a hula hoop contest. He won the silver medal.
The simple past tense shows that you are talking about something that has already happened. Unlike
the past continuous tense, which is used to talk about past events that happened over a period of time,
the simple past tense emphasizes that the action is finished.
Example: Wolfgang admired the way the light glinted off his silver medal
You can also use the simple past to talk about a past state of being, such as the way someone felt about
something. This is often expressed with the simple past tense of the verb to be and an adjective, noun,
or prepositional phrase.
Example: Wolfgang was proud of his hula hoop victory. The contest was the highlight of his week.
But, how to formulate the simple past?

For regular verbs, add -ed to the root form of the verb (or just -d if the root form already ends in an e):
Play→Played Type→Typed Listen→Listened Push→Pushed Love→Loved
For irregular verbs, things get more complicated. The simple past tense of some irregular verbs looks
exactly like the root form:
Put→Put Cut→Cut Set→Set Cost→Cost Hit→Hit
For other irregular verbs, including the verb to be, the simple past forms are more erratic:
See→Saw Build→Built Go→Went Do→Did Rise→Rose Am/Is/Are→Was/Were
The good news is that verbs in the simple past tense (except for the verb to be) don’t need to agree in
number with their subjects.
Example: Wolfgang polished his medal. The other winners polished their medals too.
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How to make the SIMPLE PAST NEGATIVE

Fortunately, there is a formula for making simple past verbs negative, and it’s the same for both regular
and irregular verbs (except for the verb to be). The formula is did not + [root form of verb]. You can
also use the contraction didn’t instead of did not.
Example: Wolfgang did not brag too much about his hula hoop skills. Wolfgang’s girlfriend did not
see the contest.
For the verb to be, you don’t need the auxiliary did. When the subject of the sentence is singular, use
was not or wasn’t. When the subject is plural, use were not or weren’t.
Example: The third-place winner was not as happy as Wolfgang. The fourth-place winner wasn’t
happy at all. The onlookers were not ready to leave after the contest ended. The contestants weren’t
ready to leave either.
How to ask a Question

The formula for asking a question in the simple past tense is did + [subject] + [root form of verb].
Example: Did Wolfgang win the gold medal or the silver medal? Where did Wolfgang go to
celebrate? Did the judges decide fairly, in your opinion?
When asking a question with the verb to be, you don’t need the auxiliary did. The formula is was/were
+ [subject].
Example: Was Wolfgang in a good mood after the contest? Were people taking lots of pictures?
Common regular verbs in the past tense
SIMPLE FUTURE:
CONTINOUS TENSES (continuados) present/past/future:
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Common irregular verbs in the Past Tense
SIMPLE FUTURE: The simple future is a verb tense that’s used to talk about things that haven’t
happened yet.
Example: This year, Jen will read War and Peace. It will be hard, but she is determined to do it.
Use the simple future to talk about an action or condition that will begin and end in the future.
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How to form simple future

The formula for the simple future is will + [root form of verb]. (Verbo modal will + verbo sin
conjugar.)
Example: I will learn a new language. Jen will read that book. My brothers will sleep till noon if no
one wakes them up. You will see what I mean.
It doesn’t matter if the subject is singular or plural; the formula for the simple future doesn’t change.
But…
There is another way to show that something will happen in the future. It follows the formula
[am/is/are] + going to + [root form verb].
Example: I am going to learn a new language. Jen is going to read that book. My brothers are going
to sleep till noon if no one wakes them up. You are going to see what I mean.
The “going to” construction is common in speech and casual writing. Keep in mind though that it’s on
the informal side, so it’s a good idea to stick to the will + [root form] construction in formal writing.
How to make simple future negative

To make the simple future negative, the formula is will + not + [root form].
Example: Jen will not quit before she reaches her goal. Make sure you arrive on time tomorrow
because the bus will not wait for you. He will not say anything bad about his boss. I will not finish my
homework in time for class.
Using the “going to” construction, the formula is [am/is/are] + not + going to + [root form].
Example: Jen is not going to quit before she reaches her goal. Make sure you arrive on time tomorrow
because the bus is not going to wait for you. He is not going to say anything bad about his boss. I am
not going to finish my homework in time for class.
How to ask a Question

To ask a question in the simple future, the formula is will + [subject] + [root form].
Example: Will Jen finish War and Peace over the summer? Will I have the discipline to study Spanish
every day? What will you buy with the money you found?
The formula for the “going to” construction is [am/is/are] + [subject] +going to + [root form].
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Example: Is Jen going to finish War and Peace over the summer? Am I going to have the discipline
to study Spanish every day? What are you going to buy with the money you found?
Common verbs in the simple past
The “Going to” Construction
CONTINOUS TENSES (tiempos continuados o progresivos): FUTURE PERFECT

CONTINOUS/PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS/ PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS.
Se forman con el gerundio precedido por un verbo auxiliar: verbo to be conjugado + gerundio (verbo+-
ing).
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Lección 4: Conjugando el verbo to be

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But, how to formulate the simple past?

How to make the SIMPLE PAST NEGATIVE

How to ask a Question

Common regular verbs in the past tense

Common irregular verbs in the Past Tense

How to form simple future

How to make simple future negative

How to ask a Question

Common verbs in the simple past

The “Going to” Construction

CONTINOUS TENSES (tiempos continuados o progresivos): FUTURE PERFECT

Lección 4: Conjugando el verbo to be

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