Texturas Igneas PDF
Texturas Igneas PDF
Texturas Igneas PDF
2. TEXTURAS
IGNEAS
✦ TEXTURAS!
▲ Interpretar procesos
▲ Génesis
▲ Historia
¿Que vamos a ver hoy?
● TEXTURAS
✦ Primarias
▲ Durante la cristalización ígnea
▲ Interacción entre cxs y melt
✦ Secundarias
▲ Posterior a la cristalización ígnea
▲ Roca completamente sólida (sin melt)
▲ Subsolidus è ???
¿Que vamos a ver hoy?
1. Primarias
1. Tasa de nucleación, crecimiento y difusión
2. Nucleación en sitios preferenciales
3. Zonación composicional
4. Secuencia de cristalización
5. Reacción y reabsorción magmática
6. Movimiento diferencial de cxs y melt
7. Texturas cumuladas
8. Maclado primario
9. Texturas volcánicas
10. Texturas piroclásticas
¿Que vamos a ver hoy?
1. TASA DE NUCLEACIÓN,
CRECIMIENTO Y DIFUSIÓN
BOWEN
H2O
UNDERCOOLING
UNDERCOOLING
UNDERCOOLING
CRISTALIZACIÓN
● NUCLEACION
● CRECIMIENTO
● DIFUSION
● Si es MUY LENTA
✦ Cristales dendríticos, esferulíticos (mínima energía)
✦ Se crea una zona empobrecida en el melt
Figure 3.4. a. Skeletal olivine phenocryst with rapid growth at edges enveloping melt
at ends. Taupo, N.Z. b. “Swallow-tail” plagioclase in trachyte, Remarkable Dike,
N.Z. Length of both fields ca. 0.2 mm. From Shelley (1993). Igneous and
Metamorphic Rocks Under the Microscope. © Chapman and Hall. London.
SPINIFEX
2. NUCLEACIÓN EN SITIOS
PREFERENCIALES
EPITAXIS
✦ Textura de Peine
✦ Textura Crescumulada
Textura RAPAKIVI
Cuarzo, feldespato y turmalina cristalizando desde los bordes de una cavidad, ahora rellena.
I. TEXTURAS PRIMARIAS
3. ZONACIÓN
COMPOSICIONAL
Zonación
Figure 3.5. a. Compositionally
zoned hornblende phenocryst with
pronounced color variation visible
in plane-polarized light. Field
width 1 mm. b. Zoned plagioclase
twinned on the carlsbad law.
Andesite, Crater Lake, OR. Field
width 0.3 mm. © John Winter and
Prentice Hall.
Figure 3.6. Examples of plagioclase zoning profiles determined by microprobe point traverses.
a. Repeated sharp reversals attributed to magma mixing, followed by normal cooling increments.
b. Smaller and irregular oscillations caused by local disequilibrium crystallization.
c. Complex oscillations due to combinations of magma mixing and local disequilibrium.
From Shelley (1993). Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks Under the Microscope. © Chapman and Hall. London.
I. TEXTURAS PRIMARIAS
4. SECUENCIA DE
CRISTALIZACIÓN
Figure 3.7. Euhedral early pyroxene with late interstitial plagioclase (horizontal twins). Stillwater
complex, Montana. Field width 5 mm. © John Winter and Prentice Hall.
Figure 3.8. Ophitic texture. A single pyroxene envelops several well-developed
plagioclase laths. Width 1 mm. Skaergård intrusion, E. Greenland. © John Winter and
Prentice Hall.
Textura poikilítica. Cristales grandes (oikocristales) incluyen a cristales
pre-existentes mas pequeños (chadacristales).
Figure 3.9. a. Granophyric quartz-alkali
feldspar intergrowth at the margin of a 1-cm
dike. Golden Horn granite, WA. Width 1mm. ©
John Winter and Prentice Hall.
5. REACCIÓN Y ABSORCIÓN
MAGMÁTICA
Figure 3.10. Olivine mantled by orthopyroxene
(a) plane-polarized light
(b) crossed nicols: olivine is extinct and the
pyroxenes stand out clearly.
6. MOVIMIENTO
DIFERENCIAL DE
CRISTALES Y MELT
Figure 3.12a. Trachytic texture in which
microphenocrysts of plagioclase are aligned
due to flow. Note flow around phenocryst
(P). Trachyte, Germany. Width 1 mm.
From MacKenzie et al. (1982). © John
Winter and Prentice Hall.
7. TEXTURAS CUMULADAS
Figure 3.14. Development of cumulate textures. a. Crystals accumulate by crystal settling or simply form
in place near the margins of the magma chamber. In this case plagioclase crystals (white) accumulate in
mutual contact, and an intercumulus liquid (pink) fills the interstices. b. Orthocumulate: intercumulus liquid
crystallizes to form additional plagioclase rims plus other phases in the interstitial volume (colored). There is
little or no exchange between the intercumulus liquid and the main chamber. After Wager and Brown (1967),
Layered Igneous Rocks. © Freeman. San Francisco.
Figure 3.14. Development of cumulate textures. c. Adcumulates: open-system exchange between the
intercumulus liquid and the main chamber (plus compaction of the cumulate pile) allows components that
would otherwise create additional intercumulus minerals to escape, and plagioclase fills most of the available
space. d. Heteradcumulate: intercumulus liquid crystallizes to additional plagioclase rims, plus other large
minerals (hatched and shaded) that nucleate poorly and poikilitically envelop the plagioclases. . After Wager
and Brown (1967), Layered Igneous Rocks. © Freeman. San Francisco.
Figure 3.16a. The interstitial liquid (red) between bubbles in pumice (left) become 3-pointed-star-shaped
glass shards in ash containing pulverized pumice. If they are sufficiently warm (when pulverized or after
accumulation of the ash) the shards may deform and fold to contorted shapes, as seen on the right and b. in the
photomicrograph of the Rattlesnake ignimbrite, SE Oregon. Width 1 mm. © John Winter.
Figure 3.17. “Ostwald ripening” in a monomineralic material. Grain boundaries with significant negative
curvature (concave inward) migrate toward their center of curvature, thus eliminating smaller grains and
establishing a uniformly coarse-grained equilibrium texture with 120o grain intersections (polygonal mosaic).
© John Winter and Prentice Hall
I. TEXTURAS PRIMARIAS
8. MACLADO PRIMARIO
Figure 3.18. a. Carlsbad twin in
orthoclase. Wispy perthitic exsolution
is also evident. Granite, St. Cloud MN.
Field widths ~1 mm. © John Winter
and Prentice Hall.
9. TEXTURAS VOLCÁNICAS
Textura Ofítica
Textura Subofítica
Textura Intergranular
Textura Intersertal
Textura Hialo-ofítica
Textura Hialopilítica
Textura Traquítica
Textura Holohialina
Textura Vesicular
Textura Amigdaloidal
Textura Vitrofírica
I. TEXTURAS PRIMARIAS
10. TEXTURAS
PIROCLÁSTICAS
Textura Fragmentada
(Fragmental, Vitroclástica)
Textura Eutaxítica
Textura Eutaxítica
sanidine, Pumice fragments, Aegirine and Aenigmatite embedded in a Eutaxitic groundmass in a Pantellerite from Pantelleria (Italy).
PPL image, 2x (Field of view = 7mm)
II. TEXTURAS
SECUNDARIAS
II. TEXTURAS SECUNDARIAS
1. TRANSFORMACIONES
POLIMÓRFICAS
Polimorfos
2. MACLADO SECUNDARIO
Figure 3.19. Polysynthetic deformation twins in plagioclase. Note how they concentrate in areas of deformation, such as
at the maximum curvature of the bent cleavages, and taper away toward undeformed areas. Gabbro, Wollaston, Ontario.
Width 1 mm. © John Winter and Prentice Hall.
II. TEXTURAS SECUNDARIAS
3. EXSOLUCIÓN
Textura Pertítica
4. REACCIONES Y
REEMPLAZOS
SECUNDARIOS
Figure 3.20. a. Pyroxene largely
replaced by hornblende. Some Pyx
pyroxene remains as light areas (Pyx)
in the hornblende core. Width 1 mm. b.
Chlorite (green) replaces biotite (dark Hbl
brown) at the rim and along cleavages.
Tonalite. San Diego, CA. Width 0.3
mm. © John Winter and Prentice Hall.
Bt
Chl
Figure 3.21. Myrmekite formed in plagioclase at the boundary with K-feldspar. Photographs courtesy © L.
Collins. http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005
Temas propuestos
● Petrografía del concreto
✦ Bill Holand
● Johan Herman Lie Vogt
✦ Geólogo noruego del siglo XIX
● Charnockitas – charnoquitas
✦ Charnockite
● Komatitas