Taller Algebra - Determinantes
Taller Algebra - Determinantes
Taller Algebra - Determinantes
5 0 0 0 −2
0 −1 0 −1 0
𝐴 = ||0 0 −3 0 0 ||
0 5 0 2 0
3 0 0 0 1
5 0 0 0 −2
0 −1 0 −1 0
|
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴 = |0 0 −3 0 0 ||
0 5 0 2 0
3 0 0 0 1
3
𝐹5 → 𝐹 − 𝐹5
5 1
𝐹4 → 5𝐹2 + 𝐹4
5 0 0 0 −2
0 −1 0 0 0
|0 0 −3 0 0 | 11
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴 = = 5 ∙ (−1) ∙ (−3) ∙ (−3) ∙ (− ) = −99
|0 0 0 −3 0 | 5
11
0 0 0 0 −
5
2 −1 0 4 1
3 1 −1 2 0
𝐵 = ||3 2 −2 5 1||
0 0 4 −1 6
3 2 1 −1 1
2 −1 0 4 1
3 1 −1 2 0
|
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐵 = |3 2 −2 5 1||
0 0 4 −1 6
3 2 1 −1 1
3
𝐹2 → − 𝐹1 + 𝐹2
2
3
𝐹3 → − 𝐹1 + 𝐹3
2
3
𝐹5 → − 𝐹1 + 𝐹5
2
2 −1 0 4 1
5 3
|0 −1 −4 − |
2 2
7 1
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐵 = |0 −2 −1 − |
2 2
|0 0 4 −1 6 |
7 1
0 1 −7 −
2 2
7
𝐹3 → − 𝐹2 + 𝐹3
5
7
𝐹5 → − 𝐹2 + 𝐹5
5
2 −1 0 4 1
5 3
|0 −1 −4 − |
2 2
3 23 8
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐵 = |0 0 − |
5 5 5
|0 0 4 −1 6 |
12 7 8
0 0 −
5 5 5
20
𝐹4 → 𝐹 + 𝐹4
3 3
𝐹5 → 4𝐹3 + 𝐹5
2 −1 0 4 1
5 3
|0 −1 −4 − |
2 2
3 23 8
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐵 = |0 0 − |
5 5 5
|0 89 50 |
0 0
3 3
0 0 0 17 8
51
𝐹5 → − 𝐹 + 𝐹5
89 4
2 −1 0 4 1
5 3
|0 −1 −4 − |
2 2
3 23 8
0 0 − 5 3 89 138
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐵 = | 5 5 5 | = 2 ∙ ( ) ∙ (− ) ∙ ( ) ∙ (− ) = −138
89 50 2 5 3 89
0 0 0
| 3 3 |
138
0 0 0 0 −
89
Ejercicio 2.5 Una matriz es antisimétrica si cumple que At = −A. Pruebe usando el
ejercicio anterior que: si A es una matriz antisimétrica de n × n, entonces detAt =
(−1)n detA.
Sea
𝑎11 𝑎12 ⋯ 𝑎1𝑛
𝑎21 𝑎22 ⋯ 𝑎2𝑛
𝐴=| ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ |
𝑎𝑛1 𝑎𝑛2 ⋯ 𝑎𝑛𝑛
Si A es antisimétrica entonces
𝐴 = −𝐴𝑡
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴 = −𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴𝑡
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴𝑡 = −𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴𝑡 = (−1)𝑑𝑒
𝑎11 𝑎12 ⋯ 𝑎1𝑛
𝑎 𝑎22 ⋯ 𝑎2𝑛
(−1)𝐴 = (−1) | ⋮21 ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ |
𝑎𝑛1 𝑎𝑛2 ⋯ 𝑎𝑛𝑛
Primer paso: Multiplico F1 de A por -1
−𝑎11 −𝑎12 ⋯ −𝑎1𝑛
𝑎21 𝑎22 ⋯ 𝑎2𝑛
𝐴1 = | ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ | 𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎 2.3 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴1 = (−1)𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴
𝑎𝑛1 𝑎𝑛2 ⋯ 𝑎𝑛𝑛
Segundo paso: Multiplico F2 de A1 por (-1)
−𝑎11 −𝑎12 ⋯ −𝑎1𝑛
−𝑎21 −𝑎22 ⋯ −𝑎2𝑛
𝐴2 = | ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ | 𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎 2.3 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴2 = (−1)𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴1
𝑎𝑛1 𝑎𝑛2 ⋯ 𝑎𝑛𝑛
Entonces:
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴2 = (−1)(−1)𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴2 = (−1)2 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴
Entonces podemos decir que el proceso termina cuando se llega a multiplicar -1
por la fila n y tendremos que:
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴𝑡𝑛 = (−1)𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴𝑡𝑛−1
= (−1)((−1)𝑛−1 )𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴
= (−1)1+𝑛−1 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴𝑡 = (−1)𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴