Ofiolitas
Ofiolitas
Ofiolitas
The oceanic crust (Francheteau, 1983) is in isostatic equilibrium with the continental crust
according to the Airy mechanism (Section 2.11.2), and is consequently much thinner. Seismic
refraction studies have confi rmed this and show that oceanic crust is typically 6–7 km thick
beneath an average water depth of 4.5 km. Thicker oceanic crust occurs where the magma
supply rate is anomalously high due to higher than normal temperatures in the upper mantle.
Conversely, thinner than normal crust forms where upper mantle temperatures are
anomalously low, typically because of a very low rate of formation (Section 6.10).
The earliest refraction surveys produced time–distance data of relatively low accuracy that, on
simple inversion using plane-layered models, indicated the presence of three principal layers.
The velocities and thicknesses of these layers are shown in Table 2.2. More recent refraction
studies, employing much more sophisticated equipment and interpretational procedures
(Kennett B.L.N., 1977), have shown that further subdivision of the main layers is possible
(Harrison & Bonatti, 1981) and that, rather than a structure in which velocities increase
downwards in discrete jumps, there appears to be a progressive velocity increase with depth
(Kennett & Orcutt, 1976; Spudich & Orcutt, 1980). Figure 2.17 compares the velocity structure
of the oceanic crust as determined by early and more recent investigations.
En este caso, ambas masas continentales se deforman y comprimen hasta que, finalmente, se
unen en un único bloque en un proceso denominado obducción.