Tecnológico Nacional de México

Instituto Tecnológico de Tehuacán

”Detectores de cruce por cero ”

Maria Fernanda Tovany Salvador

20360701

Ing. Alberto Cortes

Amplificadores operacionales

Ingeniería electrónica
Objetivo:
Diseñar detectores de cruce por cero tanto para valores negativos como positivos,
y evaluar su precisión en relación a una señal.
Materiales:

1. Protoboard
2. Cables de interconexión
3. Multímetro digital
4. Resistores de varios valores
5. CI (LM741)
6. Fuente de alimentación bipolar
7. Osciloscopio
8. Generador de funciones
9. Cables caimanes

Desarrollo:
Los dispositivos o algoritmos de detección de cruce por cero se emplean para identificar el momento en el
que una señal eléctrica, típicamente una forma de onda alterna, atraviesa el punto de referencia de cero en
su ciclo. Esta funcionalidad resulta valiosa en aplicaciones donde es fundamental conocer con precisión el
inicio de un nuevo ciclo de la señal, como en el control de sistemas de potencia, la sincronización de pulsos,
o la determinación de ángulos de fase.

Un detector no inversor de cruce por cero es un dispositivo o circuito electrónico que

se utiliza para identificar el momento en el que una señal eléctrica (generalmente
una forma de onda alterna) cruza el punto de cero en su ciclo sin invertir o cambiar
la polaridad de la señal (No invierte la señal de entrada cuando detecta el cruce por
cero). En este caso conectamos la tierra la entrada inversora y en la no inversora
iría el voltaje de entrada, que sería de un generador de funciones con un voltaje
pico-pico de 600mV a 670Hz.

Canal 1 Canal 2
600 mV 268.2 Hz
18.6 V 268.1 Hz
Un detector inversor de cruce por cero es un dispositivo o circuito electrónico
diseñado para identificar el momento en el que una señal eléctrica (generalmente
una forma de onda alterna) cruza el punto de cero en su ciclo y, al mismo tiempo,
invierte o cambia la polaridad de la señal. Esto significa que cuando el detector
detecta el cruce por cero, también invierte la señal de entrada. En este caso se
invirtieron las conexiones en la alimentación, ahora la señal de entrada del
generador de funciones iría en la entrada inversora y la no inversora se conectaría
a tierra, y a la salida iría una resistencia de carga de 10kΩ.
 Canal 1 Canal 2
600 mV 268.2 Hz
18.6 V 268.1 Hz

Un detector de nivel de voltaje es un dispositivo o circuito diseñado para identificar

cuándo una señal eléctrica alcanza o supera un cierto nivel de voltaje específico.
Los detectores de nivel positivo no inversores son un tipo de detector que se activa
cuando la señal alcanza o supera un nivel de voltaje positivo, y no invierten la
polaridad de la señal de entrada al detectar este nivel.
detector de nivel de voltaje positivo no inversor se utiliza para reconocer cuándo una
señal eléctrica supera un cierto voltaje umbral en su parte positiva, sin cambiar la
polaridad de la señal. En este caso se agregó una fuente de voltaje de CD en la
entrada inversora, y en la entrada no inversora iría la señal de entrada del generador
de funciones

Canal 1 Canal 2
600 mV 268 Hz
21.6 V 268 Hz

Un detector de nivel negativo no inversor es un dispositivo o circuito electrónico

diseñado para identificar cuándo una señal eléctrica desciende por debajo de un
nivel de voltaje específico en su parte negativa, y a su vez, no invierte la polaridad
de la señal de entrada al detectar este nivel. Este tipo de detector se activa cuando
la señal eléctrica cae por debajo de un cierto voltaje umbral en su parte negativa, y
no cambia la polaridad de la señal en el proceso. En este caso es similar al anterior,
solo con la diferencia de que ahora la señal de entrada del generador de funciones
se colocó en la entrada inversora y en la entrada no inversora se conectaría la fuente
de voltaje de CD.

Canal 1 Canal 2
600 mV 268 Hz
20.2 V 268 Hz

Un detector de nivel de voltaje positivo inversor es un dispositivo o circuito

electrónico diseñado para identificar cuándo una señal eléctrica alcanza o supera
un cierto nivel de voltaje específico en su parte positiva y, al mismo tiempo, invierte
o cambia la polaridad de la señal de entrada al detectar este nivel. Cuando el
detector de nivel de voltaje positivo inversor detecta que la señal ha alcanzado o
superado el nivel de voltaje positivo predefinido, invierte la polaridad de la señal. se
conectó como en el caso 4, solo que esta vez la fuente de voltaje esta invertida, el
negativo se dirige a la entrada inversora y su lado positivo se mandó a tierra, y la
señal de entrada del generador de funciones se conectó a la entrada no inversora.

Canal 1 Canal 2
608 mV 267 Hz
21.6 V 268 Hz
Un detector de nivel de voltaje inversor de nivel negativo es un dispositivo o circuito
electrónico diseñado para identificar cuándo una señal eléctrica desciende por
debajo de un cierto nivel de voltaje específico en su parte negativa y, al mismo
tiempo, invierte o cambia la polaridad de la señal de entrada al detectar este nivel.
Cuando el detector inversor de nivel negativo detecta que la señal ha caído por
debajo del nivel de voltaje negativo predefinido, invierte la polaridad de la señal.
como se hizo con todos los casos anteriores, se invertiría la conexión, ahora la señal
de entrada del generador de funciones se conectó a la entrada inversora y la fuente
de voltaje invertida conectada en la entrada no inversora
 Canal 1 Canal 2
600 mV 267.1 Hz
21.6 V 260.6 Hz

Conclusión:
Esto es fácil de hacer ya que no necesitas muchos componentes para ensamblarlo,
pero sí lleva tiempo demostrarlos ya que hay seis ejemplos que son suficientes para
entender estas configuraciones del amplificador operacional.
Al no tener retroalimentación y no utilizar resistencias de entrada, se puede observar
el comportamiento ideal de un amplificador operacional, es decir, una impedancia
de entrada casi infinita y una impedancia de salida casi nula. En todos los casos, se
observó que la señal de salida era muy grande en comparación con la señal de
entrada, y se observó que la señal se saturaba y recortaba.
En el primer caso, se observa que cuando la señal de entrada cambia de polaridad,
de positiva a negativa, más precisamente en el cruce por cero, la señal de salida
detecta el cruce, provocando que la polaridad de salida cambie en consecuencia (si
es de fase no inversa). Su polaridad es la misma que la de entrada, pero en el caso
de un inversor es la polaridad opuesta.
En otros casos, agregando una fuente de voltaje CC se puede lograr el control de
la posición de detección del circuito, pero solo en un borde, ya sea hacia abajo o
hacia arriba, como se observa, como si fuera el ciclo de trabajo del circuito. La señal
de salida se modifica.
Estos circuitos se pueden utilizar como convertidores de forma de onda porque se
prueban con diferentes formas de onda en la entrada y en la salida, tienen la misma
señal, una señal de onda cuadrada, por lo que se pueden utilizar como generadores
de señal de onda cuadrada.
Se lograron los objetivos prácticos, lo que resultó en una comprensión más profunda
de estos circuitos y nuevas aplicaciones para ellos.
 Product Sample & Technical Tools & Support &
Folder Buy Documents Software Community

LM741
SNOSC25D – MAY 1998 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015

LM741 Operational Amplifier

1 Features 3 Description
•
1 Overload Protection on the Input and Output The LM741 series are general-purpose operational
amplifiers which feature improved performance over
• No Latch-Up When the Common-Mode Range is industry standards like the LM709. They are direct,
Exceeded plug-in replacements for the 709C, LM201, MC1439,
and 748 in most applications.
2 Applications
The amplifiers offer many features which make their
• Comparators application nearly foolproof: overload protection on
• Multivibrators the input and output, no latch-up when the common-
• DC Amplifiers mode range is exceeded, as well as freedom from
oscillations.
• Summing Amplifiers
• Integrator or Differentiators The LM741C is identical to the LM741 and LM741A
except that the LM741C has their performance
• Active Filters ensured over a 0°C to +70°C temperature range,
instead of −55°C to +125°C.

Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER PACKAGE BODY SIZE (NOM)
TO-99 (8) 9.08 mm × 9.08 mm
LM741 CDIP (8) 10.16 mm × 6.502 mm
PDIP (8) 9.81 mm × 6.35 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.

Typical Application

R2

+Vsupply
R1
- V+

LM741 Output

Vinput + V-

-Vsupply

An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
LM741
SNOSC25D – MAY 1998 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 www.ti.com

Table of Contents
1 Features .................................................................. 1 7.3 Feature Description................................................... 7
2 Applications ........................................................... 1 7.4 Device Functional Modes.......................................... 8
3 Description ............................................................. 1 8 Application and Implementation .......................... 9
4 Revision History..................................................... 2 8.1 Application Information.............................................. 9
8.2 Typical Application ................................................... 9
5 Pin Configuration and Functions ......................... 3
6 Specifications......................................................... 4 9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 10
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... 4 10 Layout................................................................... 11
6.2 ESD Ratings.............................................................. 4 10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 11
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions....................... 4 10.2 Layout Example .................................................... 11
6.4 Thermal Information .................................................. 4 11 Device and Documentation Support ................. 12
6.5 Electrical Characteristics, LM741.............................. 5 11.1 Community Resources.......................................... 12
6.6 Electrical Characteristics, LM741A ........................... 5 11.2 Trademarks ........................................................... 12
6.7 Electrical Characteristics, LM741C ........................... 6 11.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................ 12
7 Detailed Description .............................................. 7 11.4 Glossary ................................................................ 12
7.1 Overview ................................................................... 7 12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
7.2 Functional Block Diagram ......................................... 7 Information ........................................................... 12

4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.

Changes from Revision C (October 2004) to Revision D Page

• Added Applications section, Pin Configuration and Functions section, ESD Ratings table, Feature Description
section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations
section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information section ................................................................................................................................................................ 1
• Removed NAD 10-Pin CLGA pinout ..................................................................................................................................... 3
• Removed obselete M (S0-8) package from the data sheet ................................................................................................... 4
• Added recommended operating supply voltage spec ............................................................................................................ 4
• Added recommended operating temperature spec ................................................................................................................ 4

Changes from Revision C (March 2013) to Revision D Page

• Added Applications section, Pin Configuration and Functions section, ESD Ratings table, Feature Description
section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations
section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information section ................................................................................................................................................................ 1
• Removed NAD 10-Pin CLGA pinout ..................................................................................................................................... 3
• Removed obselete M (S0-8) package from the data sheet ................................................................................................... 4
• Added recommended operating supply voltage spec ............................................................................................................ 4
• Added recommended operating temperature spec ................................................................................................................ 4

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5 Pin Configuration and Functions

LMC Package NAB Package

8-Pin TO-99 8-Pin CDIP or PDIP
Top View Top View

LM741H is available per JM38510/10101

Pin Functions
PIN
I/O DESCRIPTION
NAME NO.
INVERTING
2 I Inverting signal input
INPUT
NC 8 N/A No Connect, should be left floating
NONINVERTING
3 I Noninverting signal input
INPUT
OFFSET NULL
1, 5 I Offset null pin used to eliminate the offset voltage and balance the input voltages.
OFFSET NULL
OUTPUT 6 O Amplified signal output
V+ 7 I Positive supply voltage
V– 4 I Negative supply voltage

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6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) (2) (3)
MIN MAX UNIT
LM741, LM741A ±22
Supply voltage V
LM741C ±18
(4)
Power dissipation 500 mW
Differential input voltage ±30 V
(5)
Input voltage ±15 V
Output short circuit duration Continuous
LM741, LM741A –50 125
Operating temperature °C
LM741C 0 70
LM741, LM741A 150
Junction temperature °C
LM741C 100
PDIP package (10 seconds) 260 °C
Soldering information
CDIP or TO-99 package (10 seconds) 300 °C
Storage temperature, Tstg –65 150 °C

(1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) For military specifications see RETS741X for LM741 and RETS741AX for LM741A.
(3) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the TI Sales Office/Distributors for availability and specifications.
(4) For operation at elevated temperatures, these devices must be derated based on thermal resistance, and Tj max. (listed under “Absolute
Maximum Ratings”). Tj = TA + (θjA PD).
(5) For supply voltages less than ±15 V, the absolute maximum input voltage is equal to the supply voltage.

6.2 ESD Ratings

VALUE UNIT
V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1) ±400 V

(1) Level listed above is the passing level per ANSI, ESDA, and JEDEC JS-001. JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows
safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.

6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN NOM MAX UNIT
LM741, LM741A ±10 ±15 ±22
Supply voltage (VDD-GND) V
LM741C ±10 ±15 ±18
LM741, LM741A –55 125
Temperature °C
LM741C 0 70

6.4 Thermal Information

LM741
THERMAL METRIC (1) LMC (TO-99) NAB (CDIP) P (PDIP) UNIT
8 PINS 8 PINS 8 PINS
RθJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 170 100 100 °C/W
RθJC(top) Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 25 — — °C/W

(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report, SPRA953.

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6.5 Electrical Characteristics, LM741 (1)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
TA = 25°C 1 5 mV
Input offset voltage RS ≤ 10 kΩ
TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 6 mV
Input offset voltage
TA = 25°C, VS = ±20 V ±15 mV
adjustment range
TA = 25°C 20 200
Input offset current nA
TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 85 500
TA = 25°C 80 500 nA
Input bias current
TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 1.5 μA
Input resistance TA = 25°C, VS = ±20 V 0.3 2 MΩ
Input voltage range TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX ±12 ±13 V
VS = ±15 V, VO = ±10 V, RL ≥ 2 TA = 25°C 50 200
Large signal voltage gain V/mV
kΩ TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 25
RL ≥ 10 kΩ ±12 ±14
Output voltage swing VS = ±15 V V
RL ≥ 2 kΩ ±10 ±13
Output short circuit current TA = 25°C 25 mA
Common-mode rejection ratio RS ≤ 10 Ω, VCM = ±12 V, TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 80 95 dB
Supply voltage rejection ratio VS = ±20 V to VS = ±5 V, RS ≤ 10 Ω, TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 86 96 dB
Transient Rise time 0.3 μs
TA = 25°C, unity gain
response Overshoot 5%
Slew rate TA = 25°C, unity gain 0.5 V/μs
Supply current TA = 25°C 1.7 2.8 mA
TA = 25°C 50 85
Power consumption VS = ±15 V TA = TAMIN 60 100 mW
TA = TAMAX 45 75

(1) Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply for VS = ±15 V, −55°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (LM741/LM741A). For the
LM741C/LM741E, these specifications are limited to 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C.

6.6 Electrical Characteristics, LM741A (1)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
TA = 25°C 0.8 3 mV
Input offset voltage RS ≤ 50 Ω
TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 4 mV
Average input offset voltage
15 μV/°C
drift
Input offset voltage
TA = 25°C, VS = ±20 V ±10 mV
adjustment range
TA = 25°C 3 30
Input offset current nA
TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 70
Average input offset
0.5 nA/°C
current drift
TA = 25°C 30 80 nA
Input bias current
TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 0.21 μA
TA = 25°C, VS = ±20 V 1 6
Input resistance MΩ
TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX, VS = ±20 V 0.5
VS = ±20 V, VO = ±15 V, RL ≥ 2 TA = 25°C 50
Large signal voltage gain kΩ TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 32 V/mV
VS = ±5 V, VO = ±2 V, RL ≥ 2 kΩ, TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 10

(1) Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply for VS = ±15 V, −55°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (LM741/LM741A). For the
LM741C/LM741E, these specifications are limited to 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C.
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Electrical Characteristics, LM741A(1) (continued)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
RL ≥ 10 kΩ ±16
Output voltage swing VS = ±20 V V
RL ≥ 2 kΩ ±15
TA = 25°C 10 25 35
Output short circuit current mA
TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 10 40
Common-mode rejection ratio RS ≤ 50 Ω, VCM = ±12 V, TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 80 95 dB
Supply voltage rejection ratio VS = ±20 V to VS = ±5 V, RS ≤ 50 Ω, TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 86 96 dB
Transient Rise time 0.25 0.8 μs
TA = 25°C, unity gain
response Overshoot 6% 20%
(2)
Bandwidth TA = 25°C 0.437 1.5 MHz
Slew rate TA = 25°C, unity gain 0.3 0.7 V/μs
TA = 25°C 80 150
Power consumption VS = ±20 V TA = TAMIN 165 mW
TA = TAMAX 135

(2) Calculated value from: BW (MHz) = 0.35/Rise Time (μs).

6.7 Electrical Characteristics, LM741C (1)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
TA = 25°C 2 6 mV
Input offset voltage RS ≤ 10 kΩ
TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 7.5 mV
Input offset voltage
TA = 25°C, VS = ±20 V ±15 mV
adjustment range
TA = 25°C 20 200
Input offset current nA
TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 300
TA = 25°C 80 500 nA
Input bias current
TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 0.8 μA
Input resistance TA = 25°C, VS = ±20 V 0.3 2 MΩ
Input voltage range TA = 25°C ±12 ±13 V
VS = ±15 V, VO = ±10 V, RL TA = 25°C 20 200
Large signal voltage gain V/mV
≥ 2 kΩ TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 15
RL ≥ 10 kΩ ±12 ±14
Output voltage swing VS = ±15 V V
RL ≥ 2 kΩ ±10 ±13
Output short circuit current TA = 25°C 25 mA
Common-mode rejection ratio RS ≤ 10 kΩ, VCM = ±12 V, TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 70 90 dB
Supply voltage rejection ratio VS = ±20 V to VS = ±5 V, RS ≤ 10 Ω, TAMIN ≤ TA ≤ TAMAX 77 96 dB
Rise time 0.3 μs
Transient response TA = 25°C, Unity Gain
Overshoot 5%
Slew rate TA = 25°C, Unity Gain 0.5 V/μs
Supply current TA = 25°C 1.7 2.8 mA
Power consumption VS = ±15 V, TA = 25°C 50 85 mW

(1) Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply for VS = ±15 V, −55°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (LM741/LM741A). For the
LM741C/LM741E, these specifications are limited to 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C.

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7 Detailed Description

7.1 Overview
The LM74 devices are general-purpose operational amplifiers which feature improved performance over industry
standards like the LM709. It is intended for a wide range of analog applications. The high gain and wide range of
operating voltage provide superior performance in integrator, summing amplifier, and general feedback
applications. The LM741 can operate with a single or dual power supply voltage. The LM741 devices are direct,
plug-in replacements for the 709C, LM201, MC1439, and 748 in most applications.

7.2 Functional Block Diagram

7.3 Feature Description

7.3.1 Overload Protection
The LM741 features overload protection circuitry on the input and output. This prevents possible circuit damage
to the device.

7.3.2 Latch-up Prevention

The LM741 is designed so that there is no latch-up occurrence when the common-mode range is exceeded. This
allows the device to function properly without having to power cycle the device.

7.3.3 Pin-to-Pin Capability

The LM741 is pin-to-pin direct replacements for the LM709C, LM201, MC1439, and LM748 in most applications.
Direct replacement capabilities allows flexibility in design for replacing obsolete parts.

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7.4 Device Functional Modes

7.4.1 Open-Loop Amplifier
The LM741 can be operated in an open-loop configuration. The magnitude of the open-loop gain is typically large
thus for a small difference between the noninverting and inverting input terminals, the amplifier output will be
driven near the supply voltage. Without negative feedback, the LM741 can act as a comparator. If the inverting
input is held at 0 V, and the input voltage applied to the noninverting input is positive, the output will be positive.
If the input voltage applied to the noninverting input is negative, the output will be negative.

7.4.2 Closed-Loop Amplifier

In a closed-loop configuration, negative feedback is used by applying a portion of the output voltage to the
inverting input. Unlike the open-loop configuration, closed loop feedback reduces the gain of the circuit. The
overall gain and response of the circuit is determined by the feedback network rather than the operational
amplifier characteristics. The response of the operational amplifier circuit is characterized by the transfer function.

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8 Application and Implementation

NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.

8.1 Application Information

The LM741 is a general-purpose amplifier than can be used in a variety of applications and configurations. One
common configuration is in a noninverting amplifier configuration. In this configuration, the output signal is in
phase with the input (not inverted as in the inverting amplifier configuration), the input impedance of the amplifier
is high, and the output impedance is low. The characteristics of the input and output impedance is beneficial for
applications that require isolation between the input and output. No significant loading will occur from the
previous stage before the amplifier. The gain of the system is set accordingly so the output signal is a factor
larger than the input signal.

8.2 Typical Application

R2 = 4.7k

+Vsupply
R1 = 4.7k
- V+

LM741 Output

Vinput + V-

-Vsupply
Figure 1. LM741 Noninverting Amplifier Circuit

8.2.1 Design Requirements

As shown in Figure 1, the signal is applied to the noninverting input of the LM741. The gain of the system is
determined by the feedback resistor and input resistor connected to the inverting input. The gain can be
calculated by Equation 1:
Gain = 1 + (R2/R1) (1)

The gain is set to 2 for this application. R1 and R2 are 4.7-k resistors with 5% tolerance.

8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure

The LM741 can be operated in either single supply or dual supply. This application is configured for dual supply
with the supply rails at ±15 V. The input signal is connected to a function generator. A 1-Vpp, 10-kHz sine wave
was used as the signal input. 5% tolerance resistors were used, but if the application requires an accurate gain
response, use 1% tolerance resistors.

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Typical Application (continued)

8.2.3 Application Curve
The waveforms in Figure 2 show the input and output signals of the LM741 non-inverting amplifier circuit. The
blue waveform (top) shows the input signal, while the red waveform (bottom) shows the output signal. The input
signal is 1.06 Vpp and the output signal is 1.94 Vpp. With the 4.7-kΩ resistors, the theoretical gain of the system
is 2. Due to the 5% tolerance, the gain of the system including the tolerance is 1.992. The gain of the system
when measured from the mean amplitude values on the oscilloscope was 1.83.

Figure 2. Waveforms for LM741 Noninverting Amplifier Circuit

9 Power Supply Recommendations

For proper operation, the power supplies must be properly decoupled. For decoupling the supply lines, a 0.1-µF
capacitor is recommended and should be placed as close as possible to the LM741 power supply pins.

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10 Layout

10.1 Layout Guidelines

As with most amplifiers, take care with lead dress, component placement, and supply decoupling in order to
ensure stability. For example, resistors from the output to an input should be placed with the body close to the
input to minimize pick-up and maximize the frequency of the feedback pole by minimizing the capacitance from
the input to ground. As shown in Figure 3, the feedback resistors and the decoupling capacitors are located close
to the device to ensure maximum stability and noise performance of the system.

10.2 Layout Example

Figure 3. LM741 Layout

Copyright © 1998–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 11

Product Folder Links: LM741
LM741
SNOSC25D – MAY 1998 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 www.ti.com

11 Device and Documentation Support

11.1 Community Resources

The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.

11.2 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
11.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.

11.4 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.

12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.

12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1998–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated

Product Folder Links: LM741

 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com 27-May-2022

PACKAGING INFORMATION

Orderable Device Status Package Type Package Pins Package Eco Plan Lead finish/ MSL Peak Temp Op Temp (°C) Device Marking Samples
(1) Drawing Qty (2) Ball material (3) (4/5)
(6)

LM741C-MWC ACTIVE WAFERSALE YS 0 1 RoHS & Green Call TI Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 85 Samples

LM741CN/NOPB ACTIVE PDIP P 8 40 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-NA-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM Samples

741CN

(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.

(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of <=1000ppm threshold. Antimony trioxide based
flame retardants must also meet the <=1000ppm threshold requirement.

(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.

(4)
There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.

(5)
Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.

(6)
Lead finish/Ball material - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead finish/Ball material values may wrap to two
lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width.

Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.

In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.

Addendum-Page 1
 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com 27-May-2022

Addendum-Page 2
 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION

www.ti.com 11-Feb-2022

TUBE

*All dimensions are nominal

Device Package Name Package Type Pins SPQ L (mm) W (mm) T (µm) B (mm)
LM741CN/NOPB P PDIP 8 40 502 14 11938 4.32

Pack Materials-Page 1
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