IB DP Spanish Answers

Solutions
To get into the matter
1–3 Free response
FULL CONSCIOUSNESS
After reading
1 Images: a girl doing yoga , birds, musical notes with hearts, flowers, a doll
smiling with a heart in her hand
Words: “a stress-free mind” , “more ease”, “better solutions”, “react less
impulsively”
2 Mindfulness workshops are presented, that is, full awareness or full attention.
3 The workshops are called “Attention Works.”
Free answer
Free answer
4 Children: Tuesday and Friday, from 11:00 to 12:00 Teens: Monday and
Wednesday, from 11:00 to 12:30
5 The teacher of the classes is called Bruno Solari.
6 You can go twice a week.
7 bruno.solari@consultoramfn.cl
8 a for children: children's

b learning activity: workshop
c a difficulty: problem
d create: design
e the number of times an activity is performed: frequency
9 a False: they take place during the month of January

“Throughout the month of January, our Mindfulness area will begin with
workshops for children and adolescents”
b True: “programs have been designed for children from 8 to 12 years old
and adolescents between 14 and 18 years old, and also for adults”
c True: “Children ages 8 to 12: Tuesdays and Fridays from 11:00 to 12:00”
d True: “Instructor: Bruno Solari”, “in charge of Bruno Solari, area leader.”
e False: they last one hour
“Tuesday and Friday 11:00 – 12:00 hrs”
f False: they end at 12:30
“Teenagers from 14 to 18 years old: Monday and Thursday 11:00 – 12:30
hrs”
g False: Friday workshops are for children
“Children from 8 to 12 years old: Tuesday and Friday 11:00 – 12:00 hrs”
h True: +56981588976
1
IDENT
Oral and written expression activities
16 free scare
AN ACRE OF HEALTH
After reading
1 “nutritional”, “(mal)nutrition”, “eat”, “food”, “healthy”, “vitamin”, “growth”,
“development”, etc.
2 1c (or 1f), 2b, 3e, 4g, 5d, 6a, 7f (or 7c)
3 Free answer
Language
He
imperative
do: do
sow: sow
donate: donate
4 i the radish (masculine)

ii spinach (feminine)
iii the beet (feminine)
iv la chard (feminine)
v the cabbage (masculine)
I saw the carrot (feminine)
vii the onion (female)
... , , , zr .
viii lettuce (feminine)
_n
5 1 needs
— ...
2 malnutrition
3 delay
4 development
5 learning
6 mortality
6
mu
nTT
T
TTT
Fence construction Planning/Monitoring/ Organic fertilizer d, g,l
TT
Recording of annual production Preparation/Preparation/
production Tasting of recipes
a,b, c, e,h f,i,j
k
Solutions
7 a False: 60 euros are necessary

“With €60, for example, families in the community will receive training in food
preparation.”
b True: “25 ORCHARDS IN TORO-TORO (BOLIVIA) AGAINST CHILD
MALNUTRITION”; “We will plant 25 gardens so that 25 families can feed themselves in a
more complete and healthy way.”
c False: each garden will have an area of 200 m 2
(25 orchards × 200 m 2 = 5000 m 2 )
“200 M2 OF LAND PER FAMILY FOR PRODUCTION
OF 8 TYPES OF VEGETABLES”
d True: “200 M2 OF LAND PER FAMILY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF 8 TYPES OF
VEGETABLES”
e False: 100 kg of organic fertilizer will be produced each year “PRODUCE UP TO 100 KG OF
ORGANIC FERTILIZER
MANUALLY”
1 Free response
2 Free response. Possible answers:

Fruit Vegetables
the Kiwi
the lime the lemon
the tangerine the mango the apple the garlic
peach the melon Artichoke
the quince celery
orange loquat papaya pear pineapple the eggplant
banana grapefruit tomato the sweet potato
broccoli/zucchini
the pumpkin
endive asparagus peas green beans
turnip
the potato
the cucumber
peppers
the leek
the carrot
3–7 Free response

1 IDENTITIES
MUSIC AND WELLBEING

before reading
1 a Possible distribution (there are other possibilities):
physical health Mental health Social life family life The money
5 2, 3, 8, 10, 11 1, 4, 6, 8, 9 1, 10, 12 6, 7
b Negatives: 1, 6, 7, 10
Positives: 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12
c Free response
2 Free answer
3 a Free response. After reading the text, you can see that the correct answers are:
the throat, the lungs, the nose, the vocal cords, the abdominal muscles
b Free response. After reading the text, you can verify that the correct answers
are:
• If you sing in the shower, your memory improves.
• Singing in the shower reduces stress.
• If you sing in the shower, your voice improves.
• Singing stimulates blood circulation.
• You can snore less if you sing.
After reading
4 Headline and intro:
• strengthen: strengthen
• decrease: reduce
• are released: free rein is given
Paragraphs (1–2):
• entertaining: fun
• positive: beneficial
• happy: animated
Paragraphs (3–5):
• avoid: combat
• increase: increase
• device: apparatus
• reflect: reconsider
5 Headline and introduction: b
Paragraph 1: a
Paragraph 2: b
Paragraph 3: a
Paragraph 4: a
Paragraph 5: b
Solutions
6 a 1e: Sing at the top of your lungs

2c: He who sings, his evil frightens
3b: Music tames the beasts
4d: Music is food for the soul
5f: This is music to my ears
6a: Music unites people
b Free response
c Free response
1–2 Free response
ART AND HEALTH

before reading
7 –2 Free response
After reading
3 to use: (have) used/use
b direct: channel
c increase: increase
d provide: contribute
4 a The creation of a work provides us with mental benefits.

c Health benefits occur regardless of the quality of the product created.
d An artist is not born, he is made.
5 a True: “you can improve and develop the creative skills you already have”
b False: “Creating ［…］ helps you focus on the details”
c True: “Art raises your self-esteem,” “increases well-being.”
d True: “growth of new brain cells which develop cognitive abilities and
increase memory.”
6 Free answer
Types of texts
A Instruction Set
Free answer
B Brochure
Free answer
1 IDENTITIES
To reflect
1 ✓ persuasive
✓ informative – expository (for example, in a museum)
2 ✓ advise
✓
give instructions on how to do something
3 ✓ in present
✓ in first person
✓ in second person
✓ in third person (you)
4 ✓ you
✓ you
✓ you
✓ you
✓ you
A leaflet Both
A set of instructions
• second person verbs • a list of ideas, tips, etc.
• verbal forms in • impersonal record
• information regarding imperative or infinitive • formal registration
prices, places, • sections with different • more images than
schedules, etc. contents lyrics
• Contact information • Titles
• different font sizes • slogans
• appealing tone, to • images
persuade the reader • graphics
• sponsors • specialized vocabulary
• testimonials, quotes, • information aimed at a
etc. specific audience
• eye-catching headlines • creativity
• attractive fonts • not very long
• informal registration paragraphs
• attractive format
• more letters than
images
6 a It is a brochure – it has a title, an image, sections with different content, health-

related vocabulary, information aimed at a specific audience, information
related to the place and times, different sizes and fonts, and the imperative.
b There are no testimonials or quotes, he has no sponsor or contact information.
c It is aimed at people who are interested in taking care of their health – the image
shows a young woman who gives the impression of being in good health.
Vocabulary appears in the brochure
Solutions
related to medical tests such as “glucose”, “cholesterol”, “lung capacity”, etc. Different options are also offered
to lead a healthy life such as “nutrition workshops”, “vegetarian cooking classes”, “tips for quitting smoking”,
“talk about disease prevention”.
d It is informal – the form of the imperative “take care” appears in the form “you”.
7–8 Free response
C Advertisement or advertisement
1 to persuade
b sell
c receiver
d public
and functions
f inform
g convince
h propaganda ads
i advertisements
2 1c, 2d, 3a, 4b
3 Headline: Super Twiggy vs Colesterator
Image: A squirrel, “Super Twiggy”, preparing to fight “Cholesterator”, a type of cholesterol monster.
Body of text: The reader is advised to eat California walnuts to combat cholesterol and is encouraged to follow the
adventures of Super Twiggy on the brand's website: comonuecesvoysobrado.com
Signature Elements: “California Walnuts” brand logo
Other elements can be commented on such as the composition of the image, the meaning of the slogan or the
relationship between them.
4 Free answer
General oral activities

A Healthy nutrition
B Sing and don't cry

C A comic vignette
1 IDENTITIES
Literature
Text 1
“The alarm clock rooster”, Gloria Fuertes
1 The poem is set in a small town where there are fields and farmland, and where
peasants and farmers live. There is a lot of nature and livestock and agricultural
activity.
Other answers are possible.
The words that help you decide are: “rooster”, “peasant”, “farmer” and “town”.
2
Yes, the figure of the rooster is important. The rooster is the town's alarm clock
and controls the time, especially to announce the beginning of the day.
3
The rooster helps wake up the peasants, the farmers and the children who have to
go to school.
4
“Get up”, “the sun is on its way”, “wake up”, “the day is coming”, “wake up”,
“they are waiting for you at school”
5 “get up”, “wake up”, “wake up”
6 There would be alarm clocks (or cell phone alarms), as well as cell phones, cars,
sirens, alarms, voices, etc.
7–8 Free response
Text 2
fragment of Hearts , Benito Taibo
1 Free answer. Example summary of the argument:
For our group, the novel Hearts is about a 12-year-old boy named Sebastián and
his uncle Paco. At the beginning of the novel, Sebastián's mother (and Paco's
sister) dies and the boy is left orphaned. Paco is single, lives alone and doesn't like
children, but he adopts his nephew.
Hearts tells the story of the relationship between Paco and Sebastián, and its
evolution. Many years later, after Paco's death, Sebastián finds a box with some
of his notebooks and, upon reading them, he learns about his uncle's feelings since
they started living together, and learns how their love has grown every day.
2 Free answer
3 a iii , b ii , c iv , d ii , ei
4
a False: “one does not forget such a traumatic event”

b True: “The first thing I did was read a few books about parenting.”
8
Solutions
c True: “surrounded by his toys, his clothes, his bed and everything that seemed familiar and everyday”
d False: “I moved into his house,” “The first thing I did was read a few books about parenting.”
5 to “that wise teacher”, “balm luck”, “may the scars hurt less, may they become smaller, may you get used to carrying them”
b Possible answers:
• They are of no use or very little use.
• They are full of clichés and commonplaces.
• They have a condescending, smug tone, they treat the reader as if they were useless.
To speak and write
1–10 Free response
Text 3
“Not us”, José B. Adolfo
1 a Immortality
b An accident
c Those under twenty years old who can receive the injection will be immortal, while those over twenty years old who
cannot receive it will die one day
d The narrator is over twenty years old
e Upon hearing the first news, he is excited and hopeful; upon hearing the second news, he is disappointed
f The suicide of one of the young immortals who was fifteen years old
g Goes from desiring immortality, to understanding immortals better and feeling sorry for them
To reflect and debate
1–4 Free response
GRAMMAR
The concordance
Question 1
Laughter stimulates the secretion of endorphins, strengthens the body's defenses and
helps combat stress .
1 IDENTITIES
In addition, a good laugh can increase blood pressure and heart rate , thus
promoting circulation and oxygen exchange in our body.
Even a while after “having a laugh,” our body continues to enjoy the benefits, as it
helps relax muscles and combat depression .
Question 2
In my job there are moments of stress and learning to manage it is an important part
of our initial training. For a year and a half, we take weekly exams that we must
pass, and we are immersed in complicated situations in which we have to
demonstrate a high level of tolerance for frustration. An emergency can occur at any
moment and we have to react very quickly: we cannot block ourselves or think more
than we should because every second counts in the world of aviation. That's why the
important thing is to stay calm and not break down. When I leave work, I focus on
completely disconnecting until the next shift: I usually spend time outdoors with my
daughter, in the mountains; I practice a lot of sports and surround myself with
animals whenever I can. I participate in an animal protection association called
Abeiro and being there relaxes me a lot. Also, I hardly look at my cell phone or
watch television.
Question 3
In emergency departments, the pace is usually frenetic: there are always patients
waiting and emergencies that can arrive at any moment. During the shifts, we don't
stop and yet we have the feeling that there are many people that we are not seeing.
To relax, I sometimes play music, especially hard rock, which, although it may not
seem like it, helps me concentrate on what I'm doing, and I talk to the colleagues I
know . The most important thing is to try to stay calm and not lose your nerve,
because hesitating can lead you to make mistakes, both with the sick and their
families. When I go out
From work, what calms me most is being with my partner, and going for a run, doing some form of intense exercise or playing
the guitar, because that way I disconnect and don't think about anything.
The imperative
Question 1
regular: we import; I concentrate; practical; He participated
e > ie: has; closes; I start; they come
o > ue: count; I come back; floor; I remember
Question 2
-AR -ER -GO
you speaks eat writes
1 he she you I talked eat scribe

0
Solutions
us let 's talk let 's eat let's write
you speak ad com ed write id
they, they, you spoke in com an write an
Question 3
Check and organize your pantry so you don't duplicate the food you buy and above all so that they don't expire.
Make a list with everything you need for a certain period of time (week, month...): your shopping list must include the
necessary ingredients to be able to prepare all breakfasts, lunches, snacks and dinners.
Assign a budget: being clear about how much you are going to spend on food each week will prevent you from spending
money uncontrollably the first days of the month. This way, you will eat healthy foods throughout the month.
Try not to go shopping hungry: if you go shopping hungry, you will put foods in the cart that you should not buy.
Be careful with offers: many times, due to offers, we end up buying food that we do not need.
Bet on seasonal products: they are usually better priced and their nutritional composition is much better.
Avoid packaged and pre-cooked products: packaged and pre-cooked products contain many additives and are always much
more expensive.
AUDITIVE COMPREHENSION
1A Passive or active?
Question 1
TRUE Fake
Marga has small children. x
Marga usually practices climbing. x
For Marga, playing sports is more than just exercising. x
Sometimes Marga has dinner at the sports club. x
Marga likes to do some cycling. x
Marga doesn't know how to swim. x
Marga would like to share more time with her family. x

x
Sometimes, Marga finds it difficult to be on the same level as
her children.
Question 2
…when I was young I played a lot of sports…
…I think I lead a fairly active life for my age…
… I go to the pool two or three times a week…
… I'm looking for some yoga or tai chi class…
…he never had time to practice any kind of sport…
1 IDENTITIES
Question 3
1 What is Clara's opinion on sport? You don't need it in your life.
2 Why did Clara have problems when riding her bike? He got tired.
3 What was happening to Clara at school? I didn't play on the girls' teams.
4 What does Clara say about her lifestyle? He thinks he is in good health.
1B Healthy living habits

Question 1
Organic foods… TRUE Fake
…they provide us with energy. x
…are better for your health. x
…help take care of the environment. x

…they have pesticides. x
Question 2
Lucía: I try to eat organic foods; I don't eat a lot of sweets; My mother makes sweets that help keep cholesterol levels low; I
think that sleep is essential to have a healthy life.
Álvaro: One of my favorite foods are French fries; I feel bad when I eat junk food; I do different types of sports.
Question 3
1C 2d 3e
1C Two very different rhythms of life

Question 1
1 How many hours does Rafael work? It depends on the client's needs.
2 Why don't you see your son much? Because he lives with his mother.
3 What type of activity do you practice to stay in shape? Try to be active with small activities such as walking and
climbing the stairs.
1
2
Solutions
Question 2
TRUE Fake
Amparo does not work full time. x
Amparo works every day. x

x
Amparo's colleagues do not understand the difficulties of a
working mother.
Amparo's partner does not work. x
Amparo and her partner divide the household chores. x

Amparo never chats with her friends because she doesn't x
have time.
AUDITIVE COMPREHENSION -
TRANSCRIPTS
Healthy living habits

Teacher: Guys, can you tell me what you do to lead a healthy life?
Álvaro: Well, first of all, I like to eat a balanced diet. A varied diet with all types of
nutrients is essential.
Lucía: Yes, I am also quite careful with what I eat. I like to eat everything, and in my
family we choose organic foods whenever we can.
Teacher: What do you think are the best foods to maintain good health?
Álvaro: I think that, in addition to consuming proteins, it is important to eat a variety
of fruits and vegetables.
Lucía: I agree with what Álvaro says... I would add whole grains and pasta, since we
also need energy for our bodies to develop properly. As I said before, organic foods
are very important to my family; We are very aware of consuming products with low
levels of pesticides… they are not only better for our health, but they also help take
care of the environment.
Teacher: Is there anything you avoid?
Lucía: I avoid consuming too much sugar and caffeine.
Álvaro: I avoid foods that are very fatty or fried… although I love French fries.
Teacher: And is there any food in your diet that is not completely healthy?
Lucía: I really like chocolate and I eat it often, but always with a high concentration
of cocoa. My mother makes a delicious orange cake; It is an anti-cholesterol recipe
that has little sugar and uses olive oil instead of butter.
Álvaro: Sometimes, when I go out with my friends we eat junk food, but not very
often because, although I like it, it makes me feel guilty.
Teacher: Besides diet, what other things do you think are important to stay
healthy?
1 IDENTITIES
Álvaro: You have to exercise often. The best thing is to find an activity that amuses
you, because then you won't get lazy and you will be more consistent. I'm on the
basketball team and I also swim from time to time.
Lucía: Yes, leading an active life is very important. I try to use the car as little as possible; I love walking and cycling. I also
dance three times a week. But it is also essential to get enough sleep... students do not always sleep the necessary hours.
Teacher: Beyond diet and exercise, what other things are necessary to feel good?
Lucía: Having a balance between our studies and leisure time is essential. If you only work and don't allow yourself a break,
you end up exhausted and your relationships with your family and friends suffer.
Álvaro: I think the same as Lucía. The support of family and friends is essential in a person's life. And also keep stress at bay.
Nowadays our lives are full of activities and responsibilities that stress us.
Passive or active? •
Marga, 45 years old: I love to exercise, and now that my children are older, we often go to the club together. For us it is not
only a physical activity... it is also a social activity. While I'm in aerobics or pilates class with my friends, they are climbing at
the climbing wall or playing basketball, tennis or squash with their friends. Before returning home, we always sit down to have
a drink and chat... and sometimes it gets too late and we have dinner there.
In summer we like to go out on bicycles together, we organize excursions to beautiful places and we take food for a picnic. We
also like to swim and go to the beach… ah! and fly our kites on top of the mountain or on the seashore. It's great to be able to
share all this activity with my kids, although sometimes it's hard to keep up with them.
Andrés, 68 years old: At 68 years old, it is not easy to exercise. When I was young I played a lot of sports, basketball,
football, even rugby! But I'm not that young anymore and there are many things I can't do. Still, I think I lead a fairly active
life for my age. I go for walks every day, go to the pool two or three times a week, and play golf when the weather is nice.
The doctor tells me that it is important to stay active, so I am looking for a yoga or tai chi class for seniors, to encourage my
wife to come with me. She has always taken care of the house and the children, and never had time to play any type of sports.
Yes, he liked to go out dancing and I'm sure he still does it very well... will there be dance classes for us somewhere nearby?
Clara, 30 years old: Am I an athlete? No way! I often wonder why there are people who enjoy playing sports so much... I,
honestly, can live without it.
I remember when I was little I went out with my older brother on the bike, and we
had a great time... although when we got back I was always tired and it felt very
heavy. At school I avoided physical education. I don't have much strength, I don't like
running and my reflexes are very bad, so when it came to jumping, running or
passing the ball, I always ended up having accidents. I was also very tall, taller than
the other girls, and they always put me on the team with the big, strong boys, which
only made things worse.
Everyone told me that I would have health problems later, when I was older, but for
now I'm fine. In my opinion this obsession with staying in shape is nonsense. I don't
do any form of exercise, I love driving and my life is quite sedentary... And I feel
great!
1
4
Solutions
Two very different rhythms of life

Interviewer: Hello everyone! Today we have with us Rafael and Amparo, two
people with very different rhythms of life, who come to talk about what they do
and how they find time to exercise and play sports... Good afternoon to both of
you, welcome.
Amparo: Hello, good afternoon.
Rafael: Very good.
Interviewer: Rafael, what can you tell us about your work? What do you do?
Rafael: I am a plumber and I work for myself, at home. Most of my contracts are
with individuals, fixing pipes or heaters. I also have experience installing heating
systems, renovating bathrooms and kitchens.
Interviewer: And how many hours do you work per week?
Rafael: It depends… I don't have a fixed schedule. Very often I have to answer
emergency calls because a pipe breaks, or the heater stops working in the middle of
winter. In many cases I cannot leave work and return home until the fault is
repaired... In this job it is normal to work overtime and also work on weekends.
Interviewer: Do you have children?
Rafael: Yes, I have a teenage son... his mother and I have recently divorced and we
don't see each other much, but I try to spend Saturdays with him, and we go to the
cinema to see a movie, or something like that.
Interviewer: And what do you do in your free time? Do you have any hobbies?
Rafael: With this type of work it is difficult to plan free time. I like meeting friends
at the bar or watching football on TV.
Interviewer: And do you have time to practice some type of exercise?

Rafael: Well, sometimes we get together to play golf, but I'm not very good at it... sport is not my thing. I stay fit by doing my
job, which can be quite exhausting. I try to take the stairs instead of using the elevator, walk as much as possible... those
things. When I retire, maybe I'll get more serious about playing golf... I don't know.
Interviewer: Amparo, you work in finance… do you have to work many hours?
Amparo: I am an accountant and right now I am working part-time because my children are still small. My bosses have
allowed me to reduce my hours to two or three days a week.
Interviewer: And are you happy with your job? Would you like to change something?
Amparo: I love my job and I am in a very good professional moment now. The only thing I don't like is that most of my
colleagues are men and that can cause some problems. They often don't understand how difficult it can be to balance my
professional life with my life outside the office and my role as a mother.
Interviewer: And how do you find time for everything?
Amparo: Since I have children, I have hired domestic help. My partner is a lawyer and works long hours, so we have to
organize ourselves very well. Picking up the children from school, doing homework with them, taking them to train or play...
luckily we share these tasks.
Interviewer: So, what do you like to do in your free time?
1 IDENTITIES
Amparo: I like to go running and go swimming in the pool. Sometimes I feel stressed and then I know I have to disconnect
from the office and home; So I prefer to go to the bookstore to look at what's new, or relax by chatting and having a drink with
my friends.
Interviewer: Well there you have it, friends… two very different lifestyles, but both still find time to move and
exercise…
1
6
2
EXPERIENCES
1 1f, 2b, 3a, 4c, 5e, 6d
2–3 Free response
4 Free answer. Example response:
archeology dance gastronomy music paint
Argentina caramel cookies
Colombia Deborah Arango

Costa Rica
Guanacaste point
Spain sardana Salmorejo
Honduras Copan
Mexico Chichen Itza
Peru charango
Republic
Meringue
Dominican
Uruguay Jose Gurvich

Venezuela
Creole pavilion Gustavo
Dudamel
5 Free answer
HERITAGE STEP BY STEP

before reading
Free answer. Examples of drinks: tonic water, fruit juice, tea, coffee, lemonade, soda, milk, ginger beer, smoothie, etc.
Mate Coffee Cocoa

Origin
area of South America Ethiopia Zacatelco (Mexico)
populated by the
Guaraní (part of
present-day Paraguay,
northeastern Argentina
and nearby regions of
Brazil)
Guys mate amago, sweet,
milk, tea, flavored Turkish, espresso, mixed with tequila or
cut, with milk, with mezcal, it is known as
ice, etc. “piquete”
Solutions
Cultural and/or It is Intangible

historical Cultural Heritage of
Colombian coffee is
importance Zacatelco
In Argentina, National now a protected
Mate Day is celebrated geographical
every November 30 indication
Properties antioxidant, source of stimulant,
vitamins and minerals, antidiabetic,
… neuroprotective,
antioxidant,
hypertensive,…
aphrodisiac, source of
magnesium, anti-
stress,… (these are
not the properties of
the drink, also known
as “Barranca water”,
but those of the
cocoa bean)
(Note: other answers are possible)
3–4 Free response
After reading
5 In the territory of Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina and part of southern Brazil
6 The ceremony of “priming” the mate
7 a True: “Corrientes and Misiones are two provinces on the Argentine coast that rest
on the Uruguay River. In addition to hundreds of tourist attractions, both
provinces are the largest producers of yerba mate in the world .
b False: “the Faculty of Agronomy of the University of Buenos Aires, the
Argentine Institute of Gastronomy (IAG) and the National Institute of
Yerba Mate (INYM) organized a contest”
c False: “The Yerba Mate Route proposes a tour of several ranches and yerba
plantations of different types ”
d True: “ Other accommodation options are hotels in herbal towns, family
homes and campsites. ”
8 a type: species
b cultivation: plantation
c try: taste
d restaurant: gastronomic establishment
and increase: enlarge
f facts: elaborated
main g : star
9 a The three most used vegetables in the region are: corn, cassava and pacú .
b A special flavor in many dishes in the area is that of mate .
10 a iii , b iii , ci
1–2 Free response

3 Correct order: 1 d , 2 c , 3 f , 4 b , 5 a , 6 e
2
EXPERIENCES
4–6 Free response
ARCHITECTURAL JEWELS
before reading
1 1f – Photo H
2b – Photo F
3c – Photo G
4h – Photo A
5a – Photo E
6g – Photo D
7e – Photo C
8i – Photo B
9d – Photo I
After reading
2 b “The landscape of Asturias is closely linked to the image of the granaries.”
3 to save
b keep
c preserve
4 • The roof: The granaries and paneras have a different roof.

• Number of pillars on which they sit: Bread baskets have more than four legs or legs.
• The shape of the floor plan: The cabazos have a rectangular floor plan, which is narrower and is more similar to the
Galician granaries.
• Its location: Cabazos are more common in western Asturias and Galicia.
5 a In other European countries you can see constructions similar to granaries, although they have different names .
b Sometimes, the original function of the granaries has been modified to integrate into new lifestyles.
Language
Verbs + prepositions
1 finish with 7 be ashamed of 13 begin to 19 dream with

2 remember 8 help to 14 get angry with 20 try
3 get used to 9 make funof 15 get sick

4 be happy for 10 To crash against 16 influence
5 threaten to 11 Stop to 17 forgetting of
6 take the risk to 12 depend on 18 participate in
Solutions
(Note: “help” can also be used with the preposition “with” and “participate” can also be
used with the preposition “of”)
1–7 Free response
ALTERNATIVE TOURISM
before reading
1 Free answer
2 1a, 2c, 3b, 4d, 5e, 6g, 7f
3 to Juan: shared transportation (6)
b Angela: the city through the eyes of a local (2)
c Guadeloupe: organized trip (1)
d Santiago: house exchange (4)
After reading
4 a The cicerones' services are free .
b The work of the cicerones has raised controversy because the Association of
Tourist Guides of the City of Buenos Aires (AGUITBA) questions their
suitability .
c Ciceros cannot recommend specific consumption places to visitors .
d The two characteristics that make cicerones special are: they master at least two
languages and can provide knowledge on specific topics because they have
professionals from different areas such as architects, engineers and
sociologists .
e The message that Cicerones sends from his website is: they have a friend in
Buenos Aires .
2
EXPERIENCES
In the phrase ... the word ... refers to ...

to … and accompany them to those the
places… (paragraph 1) foreign visitors
b … they are motivated by desire… the
the 45 members of
(paragraph 1)
the group
they
certain basic
c Among them , completing a race
…(paragraph 2) requirements
d …and prohibits them from recommending them
informal providers
places… (paragraph 2)
6 to True: “According to the 45 members of the group (mostly well-traveled people) , they are motivated by the desire to interact
and exchange experiences”
b True: “ They are motivated by the desire to interact and exchange experiences, as well as information, with
representatives of other cultures .”
c True: “The entity, created two years ago, specializes in offering tours in areas not included in the organized tours .” “
With us, visitors can access places that are not necessarily touristy .”
d True: “The initiative also has its detractors and generated a debate. The Association of Tourist Guides of the City of
Buenos Aires (AGUITBA) questions the suitability of the cicerones and – based on Law 1264 of Tourist Guides of the
City, sanctioned in February – demands compliance with certain basic requirements to practice activity ."
e False: “The spectrum of tourists' demands and the options offered by their hosts covers the innumerable nuances that fit
into a large city ”
7
Verbs Nouns Adjectives
visit the visitor , the visit x
organize organized
the organization the
organizer
to integrate the member x

to exchange the exchange interchangeable
sightseeing the walk , the walker x

question the question questionable
recommend the recommendation recommendable

found the founder , the foundress)
foundation
suggest the suggestion x

span the duration durable durable
2
EXPERIENCES
8 at night: nocturnal member: member teach: make known advise:

abcde recommend visit: go around problem: setback
f
1–8 Free response
GET UP TO TRAVEL!
before reading
1–5 Free response
After reading
6 to True: “Careers for people who love to travel:
international aid worker
Archaeologist
Professor of English
Tour guide ."
b
False: “ 58% of travelers have had a romance while on vacation ”
“ 83% of couples say their relationship is still romantic because of their
travels ”
c
True: “ 83% of women who work abroad believe it will improve their
career ”
“ 91% of employers recognize the benefits of studying abroad ”
of False (The infographic does not refer to friends)
True: “ The health rate of travelers in general is one full point higher (on
a scale of 1 to 5)”
“50% is the percentage by which annual leave can reduce a person's risk of
heart attack ”
“ Benefits that traveling has for health:
Sleep better
Lower stress hormones
Decreased blood pressure
Stronger immune system
Increased life expectancy ”
F False: “ 73% of human resources professionals agree that a sabbatical is
beneficial ”
7 1c, 2d, 3b, 4a, 5e, 6f

2
EXPERIENCES
8 Example response:
LOVE CAREER HEALTH EDUCATION
Increase your It is valued by It is essential to

chances of employers learn a language
finding love Open your mind Helps prevent or consolidate
Keeps the flame of Improve burnout your knowledge
love alive communication skills Reduces the risk of Helps achieve
Helps you reconnect It is beneficial for heart attack higher grades
with your family planning skills, Improves sleep makes it mature
flexibility and Reduce stress Allows access to
teamwork Lowers blood professions such
pressure as archaeologist
Strengthens the or language
immune system teacher
Increases life
expectancy
(Note: Other answers are possible)
MUSIC WITH A SOCIAL NATURE

before reading
1–2 Free response
After reading
3 The recording of models of sufficient quality to be shown and reproduced in any audiovisual media
4 A universal form of expression
5 They told them about different subsidies and encouraged them to shape their project
6 a iii , b ii , ci , di
7 1c, 2d, 3f, 4e

Propositions a, d, g are superfluous
8 Thanks to this project, Spanish and international musical bands have also been able to record and produce albums, such as the
children from the Lactomía de Candeal Percussion School, Santiago de Bahía (Brazil).
Solutions
9 “in a rural environment”

10 They feel very satisfied with the work done and the results obtained. This initiative
has allowed them to develop as people.
11 “independent and social action record label” and “non-profit association in a rural
environment”
1–6 Free response
Types of texts
To Email
1 • the recipient: antoniob@worldmail.com
• the topic: Visit the museum dedicated to Frida Kahlo in her home, and ask for
advice on restaurants in Mexico City
• the formula used in the introduction: How are you?
• the farewell: Kisses.
2 Free answer
journal entry
1–2 Free response
Diary Mail Both

a It has the date. x
b A variety of tenses are used. x

c Generally, it talks about feelings. x
d Includes events and sensations. x
e It is usually colloquial and intimate. x
f Includes recipient. x
g Presents objective facts. x

h It can be formal or informal. x
i Includes a greeting and a farewell. x

To traditional dances
1–5 Free response
Mexico Perspectives
1–8 Free response
2
EXPERIENCES
Literature
Text 1
Greguerías , Ramón Gómez de la Serna
1–3 Free response
4 1e, 2a, 3i, 4c, 5d, 6b, 7g, 8f, 9h

5 Free answer. After inventing an ending for each greguería, you can compare the result with the original greguerías:
a The poet feeds himself with moon cookies.
b Shyness is like a poorly made suit.
c At the bottom of the wells the moon discs sound.
d Dictionary means millionaire in words.
e The Nile is the river with the most beautiful and wild hair.
6 Free answer
Text 2
fragment of “Gúrbez in Guiriland”, Lourdes Miquel
1 a It's Spanish
b “conscientiously”
c guiriñés
d “(very) responsible”
e Store and meal times
f It is quite fluid
g “misunderstood”, “irritated”, “ridiculous” and “mistreated”
2 a Verdadero: “Gúrbez is a Spaniard whose most important dream in recent times is to spend a little time in Guiriland .”
b False: “Gúrbez is a Spaniard whose most important dream in recent times is to spend a little time in Guiriland .”
c True: “ There is very little information about Guiriland , just a Trotalands Guide and some superficial brochures
collected in various travel agencies.”
d True: “Through this information, and some comments that were made in passing in the classes, he knows that store and
meal times are different from those of the Spanish, he knows which dishes are the most typical, what currency they
use – the guílar –, and also what monuments, museums, theaters, restaurants, bars and nightclubs should not be
missed .”
3 ai , b ii , ci , d iii
4 Gúrbez thinks that names and surnames are a real mess .

b As a greeting, the women pat Gúrbez on the back .
c Shopping becomes a real nightmare for Gúrbez.
d Potatoes are not sold by kilos, but rather they are sold wrapped individually in
different colored paper .
5 to start: first
b illogical: irrational
unhealthy c : unhealthy
d wonderful: splendid
and give thanks: thank
Solutions
f really: frankly
g put: place
6 The hostess thinks that flowers bring bad luck while Gúrbez thinks that she is
ungrateful.
7 1a, 2d, 3e
8 to “detached”, “(tremendous) hypocrites”
b “handsome”, “beautiful”
In the phrase … the word ... refers to ...

whose Gurbez
Gúrbez is a Spaniard whose enthusiasm
… (paragraph 1)
b For this purpose, it has been prepared… it
(paragraph 1) spend a little time
in Guiriland
c … until locating the oil, which was next to that Oil

the caviar… (paragraph 5)
the the roses
d … in different vases, placing them three
by three… (paragraph 6)
his
e … shows him the photo of his son… a boarding
(paragraph 9) companion
it
that the boy is very
f His partner denies it … (paragraph 9) handsome
GRAMMAR
Tastes and preferences

Question 1
1 After classes, Jaime likes to ride his bike.
2 I could eat churros with chocolate every day; I love churros.
3 My mother is passionate about classical music; Manuel de Falla is his favorite composer.
4 Students always fall asleep in physics class; The teacher bores them .
5 My parents are not interested in movies, they never go to the cinema.
2
EXPERIENCES
6 Would you like some alfajores? I know a place that sells the best alfajores in the world.
7 This coat is old and is missing a button.
8 I haven't finished my homework yet; I have math activities left .
9 It seems essential to me to recycle. The future of the planet is in our hands.
10 At night you can't sleep because your neighbors play the piano. Your neighbors bother you .
Question 2
1 My grandmother is bothered by loud music. She is older but she is not deaf.
2 You are interested in global problems.
3 My friends are a bit geeky, they love science fiction novels.
4 Ana studies film but is bored by romantic movies.
5 We don't care about studying for the exam.
6 My little sisters are already worried about the future.
7 I have one topic left to study for the final exam.
8 If you have no other plans, would you like to see a piece of art with me?
9 My art teacher is fascinated by the exhibition on Louise Bourgeois.
Question 3
1 them
2 would like
3 I
4 us
5 they look like
6 bored
7 you
8 tea
9 them
10 they like
Verbs with preposition

Question 1
1 Students are embarrassed for not doing their homework.
2 We just arrived and we haven't seen our parents yet.
3 After many years living in Spain we get used to having dinner very late.
4 Last month we started studying German; It's difficult but we love it.
5 The boys are very excited, tomorrow they will participate in a marathon for the first
time.
Solutions
6 I always try to get to school early.

7 I dream of one day having a big house with a garden.
8 I don't remember the date of his birthday.
9 We have to stop smoking.
10 I want to insist on leaving early because there are a lot of cars on the highway
afterwards.
Question 2
1 I prefer to talk about this topic on the phone.
2 The president threatens to raise taxes.
3 According to the news, it will rain until Tuesday.
4 He never wants to risk doing something new.
5 His car crashed into a tree but he only suffered minor injuries.
6 Parents always influence their children a lot.

7 Would you like to go to the movies with me?
8 I don't know if I'll be able to go, it depends on the amount of work I have.
Question 3
1 struggle
2 fell in love
3 dispense with
4 look after
5 trust
2A All Saints' Day

Question 1
All Saints' Day is a tradition in which the dead are remembered .
In Spain it is customary to buy flowers and go to the cemetery to clean the grave of the dead relative.
In Latin American countries, they leave food and drink on the grave in addition to flowers.
Although a visit to the cemetery is sad , all the flowers are very pretty.
Many people, especially the elderly, usually go to church to hear mass.
It is also very traditional to have specially prepared sweets.
Question 2
a relative > a relative
a tradition > a custom
2
EXPERIENCES
famous > renowned
is celebrated > is celebrated
sad afflicted
Solutions to digital activities
full ➔ full
is remembered ➔ is commemorated
the oldest ➔ the elderly deceased ➔ dead
Question 3
TRUE Fake
There are some traditional sweets that are sold that day. x
All Saints' Day is only celebrated in Spain. x
It is normal to go to church for a special mass. x
The tradition is for Catholic saints. x
All Saints' Day is celebrated in the church. x
It is a holiday to remember those who have died. x

x
It is normal to buy flowers to leave on the graves of the dead.
2B Historical sites in Seville

Question 1
1 The Torre del Oro gets its name from the golden reflection produced by the sun's
rays.
2 The Torre del Oro was used by King Pedro I the Cruel.
3 The Alcázar of Seville is the official residence of the kings when they visit the
city.
Question 2
La Giralda is the bell tower of the Seville Cathedral. It measures approximately 104
meters high. Much of this monument was built in the twelfth century. It was the minaret
or viewpoint of a mosque . When the Christians destroyed the mosque, they decided to
keep the Giralda as the bell tower of the new cathedral . Every year, more than a million
tourists visit Seville Cathedral and the Giralda, and all describe the experience as
unforgettable .
The Alcázar of Seville is another of the most visited monuments in the city of
Guadalquivir . It reflects the historical diversity of cultures of Seville, since after the
reconquest several elements of the original Arab building were maintained, to which
buildings in the Gothic, Mudejar, Renaissance and Baroque styles were added. It is still
the official residence of the kings today when they visit the city, making it the oldest
royal palace in Europe.
Question 3
TRUE Fake
The Alcázar of Seville is the second most visited monument x
in the city.
2
EXPERIENCES
The Alcázar has influences from different cultures. x
The Alcázar was the palace where kings lived in the past. x
Nowadays the current kings stay in the Alcázar when they x
visit Seville.
The Alcázar was declared Universal Heritage in 1987. x
2C The Aztecs
Question 1
…has left strong cultural and architectural traces throughout the Mesoamerican area.
…the Aztec emperor possessed unlimited power.
Most of the population were artisans, farmers, or public servants.
The Aztecs built monumental pyramids.
The Aztecs had a very keen knowledge of astronomy.
The religious calendar had 260 days.
Question 2
TRUE Fake
x
The conquerors made the temples of the Aztecs disappear.
The Aztec priests belonged to the most powerful class. x
Most of the Aztecs were dedicated to agriculture. x

The Aztecs did not have slaves. x
The Aztecs made human sacrifices. x
Question 3
1 Currently Tenochtitlan is known as Guadalajara.
2 The pyramids were used for religious ceremonies.
3 The Aztec civil calendar had the same number of days as our current calendar.
LISTENING COMPREHENSION –
TRANSCRIPTS
The day of all the saints

Every November 1 in Spain, and in many Latin American countries, All Saints' Day is
celebrated. It is a tradition in which family members or friends who have died are
remembered. Many families respect this tradition. In Spain it is customary to buy flowers
and go to the cemetery to clean and place the flowers on the grave of the dead relative. It
is an occasion to make them feel that they have not been forgotten. In other places, such
as Mexico or Guatemala, in addition to flowers they also leave food and drink for their
dead relatives.
It is the day of the year when the most flowers are sold, and chrysanthemums, carnations
and roses are the best-selling flowers. For example, in 2014, more than 500,000 bouquets
of roses were sold in Madrid alone that day.
Although a visit to any cemetery is always sad, for many that day is something beautiful
to see, the cemeteries end up full of flowers of different varieties and colors.
Another part of the All Saints' Day ritual is the masses. Many people, especially the
elderly, usually go to church to hear a mass in memory of their deceased relative.
Finally, it is also very traditional in many Spanish regions to eat sweets prepared
especially for this occasion. Some of the most famous are the Buñuelos de Viento and the
Huesos de Santo. Spanish pastry shops sell many kilos of these sweets year after year.
Historical sites in Seville

The Torre del Oro was built in the 13th century and is one of the great symbols of the
city of Seville. It measures 36 meters high and is located next to the Guadalquivir River.
It has been used as a chapel, prison and museum over the years. The name Torre del Oro
is explained by the golden color it has when the sun's rays reflect on the monument. The
reason is the materials that were used to build the Tower. Legend says that this
monument was used by King Peter I the Cruel as a place to meet his lovers while his wife
was in the palace.
Transcripts
La Giralda is the bell tower of the Seville Cathedral, one of the most photographed monuments in the city. It measures
approximately 104 meters high. Much of this monument was built in the 12th century. It was the minaret or viewpoint of a
mosque. The Arabs built 35 ramps to climb on horseback. When the Christians destroyed the mosque, they decided to keep the
Giralda as the bell tower of the new Cathedral. Every year, more than a million tourists visit the Seville Cathedral and the Giralda,
and all describe the experience as unforgettable and unique.
The Alcázar of Seville is another of the most visited monuments in the city of Guadalquivir. It reflects the historical diversity of
cultures of Seville, since after the reconquest several elements of the original Arab building were maintained, to which buildings
in the Gothic, Mudejar, Renaissance and Baroque styles were added. It is still the official residence of the kings today when they
visit the city, making it the oldest royal palace in Europe. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987.
The Aztecs
The Aztecs founded the famous city of Tenochtitlán, which is present-day Mexico City, between 1325 and 1520. We generally
call the inhabitants of the territories conquered by the Spanish Hernán Cortés, in the 16th century, Aztecs. It is an ancient
civilization that no longer exists but has left strong cultural and architectural traces throughout the Mesoamerican area.
The Spanish colonizers, led by the conquistador Hernán Cortés, invaded the capital of the Aztecs and then destroyed them in 1521.
Not only did they kill the Aztecs, but they also destroyed much of their monuments and art. That's why we don't know much about
their living habits and social structure. But we do know that the Aztec emperor possessed unlimited power. Along with him, the
warriors and priests formed the most powerful social group.
Most of the population were artisans, farmers, or public servants. There were also slaves for agricultural work, transportation,
trade or domestic service. Some were temporarily, until they paid a debt or a sentence, others were prisoners of war who could be
sacrificed to the god Huitzilopochtli.
Children, despite receiving an education, fulfilled another very important function in this culture: that of being sacrificed to the
gods. They were thought to be messengers sent to the gods, clothed in an almost divine dignity. It was a way to prevent angry gods
from causing catastrophes and even the end of the universe.
The Aztecs built monumental pyramids to honor their gods and make offerings.
The Aztecs had a very keen knowledge of astronomy and established a complex system
of calendars that mixed science and religion.
The civil calendar had 365 days like today, but it was divided into 18 months of 20 days
each, plus a month of only five days.
The religious calendar had 260 days. Each day was related to a symbol (of animal or
natural origin) that had a positive, neutral or bad influence. The Aztecs believed that the
sign of the day influenced events.
2
EXPERIENCES
1 Free response
Language
To be and to be
Isabel Coixet is a very famous Spanish film director.
b The Diego Rivera Mural Museum, where you can admire “Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Central”, is under
construction.
c My cousin is really liking the book by Gabriel García Márquez.
d The statues in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, are by artist Alejandro Colunga.

e The exhibition of photographer Francesc Català Roca at the Reina Sofía museum in Madrid is very popular.
f I'm sick but I wouldn't miss the flamenco show at the El Cardenal tablao for anything.
2 Free answer
TO DANCE!
before reading
1–3 Free response
After reading
Advertisement Advertisement Advertisement None
1 2 3
a It is not necessary to pay for some classes. x
b Courses are offered for all ages. x x x
c There are classes of various levels. x x x
d There are classes all week and on the weekend. x
e To find out more, you can call by phone. x
f To know more, you can visit the website. x
x
g For more information, you can send an email.
h Less than two days of classes are offered. x

b Free response c Free response
3 HUMAN
INGENUITY A
1–3 Free response
FANTASTIC AUTHORS
before reading
1–2 Free response
3 1h, 2j, 3f, 4a, 5g, 6k, 7c, 8i, 9d. Titles b, e are superfluous.
After reading
4 a iii “Currently my published work includes twenty-seven young adult novels and
some children's stories, with more than one million copies sold in Spain alone
and translations into sixteen languages, including English, French, German
and Japanese . ”
bi “ My friend Miriam and I decided to write a fantasy book ” c ii “I had no hope
when I sent it to the Barco de Vapor Prize (I had been participating for several years,
but there was no luck)… but it turned out that I won the Prize ! ”
say “Since then I have continued writing and publishing books, and I am lucky to
have a large number of readers who enjoy them .”
and iii “continue sharing with my readers the stories that are on my mind, which,
fortunately, are not few , at least for the moment”
f ii “ And I'm hooked on Professor Layton's riddles! ”
5 Free answer
1–3 Free response
LINE AND COLOR

before reading
1 a a images b object c attractive d contexts
and brochures
f instructions
Solutions
b Free response c Free response
The Spanish of...
a Art is a fundamental form of expression of the human being.

b . art is the first internet domain dedicated to the arts.
c Fine arts include painting, sculpture, music, dance, and drama.
d Remedios Varo was a surrealist artist.

Pablo Picasso was one of the artists who created cubism.
f Oswaldo Guayasamín was an Ecuadorian artist of Quechua descent
After reading
2 a False: “He remembers his childhood in the countryside, between the warmth
of his family and the vigor of nature , always around.”
b True: “He traveled to Paris a year later to study the language and then moved
to Barcelona, Spain.”
c True: “She is an illustration teacher .”
d True: “one of the trademarks that I identify in her is the passion in the images
and the love for color .”
e True: “thanks to the Internet, the differences have been reducing. Thanks to
this, the opportunities to show their work in other countries remain in
the hands of each person ."
f False: “My grandfather collected tobacco boxes, my grandmother collected
stamps, my mother has a use and sense of color that I never saw in
another person: every wall in her house is painted a different color .”
g False: “ The gardens of my house in Colombia ”
h True: “ My main tool right now is my computer .”
i False: “Characteristics of your work: Color, brightness, light, sparkles,
ornaments, nature .”
3 HUMAN
INGENUITY A
In the phrase … the word … refers to ...

the Latin America
to … the countries that comprise it …
(paragraph 1)
b …and asked them about the roots… them
(paragraph 1) some of the most
interesting current
Latin illustrators
Over there Barcelona, Spain

c There he studied Fine Arts…
(paragraph 2)
others editorials/magazines
d … Computer Arts magazine, among
others . (paragraph 2)
she Latin America
e … one of the own brands that I
identify in it is… (paragraph 3)
this Internet
f Thanks to this , they remain in…
(paragraph 4)
g … every wall of your house… his
Catherine's mother
(paragraph 5)
h … something with them … they
(paragraph 6)
the new technologies
4 Free answer
5 a a Artist: Jorge Alderete
b Artist: Carla Torres
c Artist: Catalina Estrada
b Jorge Alderete: “ My clearest influences come from comics .”; “Then I have
many influences from cinema, horror and science fiction films from the 50s,
music, wrestling , the place where I live and a long etcetera.”
Carla Torres: “ I like traditional media more, because I like the
experience of painting , the contact with the material, preparing and mixing
colors, getting my hands dirty and staining my clothes.”; “That idea seems
super nice to me, characters and settings that come to visit from who
knows what other world ”
Catalina Estrada: “ My main tool right now is my computer .”; “ Color,
brightness, light, sparkles, ornaments, nature .”
6 Free response
1–2 Free response

Solutions
LIVE TO PAINT
before reading
1 Free response
2 1 BRUSH 6 CANVAS
2 WATERCOLOR 7 PALETTE
3 TABLE 8 OIL
4 PORTRAIT 9 MASTERPIECE
5 SELF-PORTRAIT 10 EASEL
3 In text D the following words from the previous activity appear: brush, painting, canvas,
palette, easel
4 1a, 2e, 3c. Comments b, d are superfluous.
After reading
5 Entrance
b Lita Cabellut had an important experience in a museum. “Her life changed when her
adoptive parents took her to the Prado Museum in Madrid .”
Paragraph 1
b Lita's teacher forbade her to erase what she drew.
“The first lesson, the one that is never forgotten, was given to him by an old painter
from El Masnou, in Barcelona. A man who did not let him erase and forced him to
think carefully before drawing the first stroke.”
Paragraph 2
Lita was the third best-selling Spanish artist in 2015.
“ There were only two Spaniards ahead of her , two heavyweights: Juan Muñoz and
Miquel Barceló.”
Paragraph 3
b Lita believes that her past helps her understand many things.
“ My past as a street girl has been very useful in understanding life ”
Paragraph 4
b As a child, Lita had a great imagination.
“ The worlds he invented when he left his grandmother's house ［…］ were his way
of escaping reality”
3 HUMAN
INGENUITY A
Paragraph 5
b Lita paints in a very physical way.
“the ground covered with frenetic splashes that recall the
physical effort with which he approaches his canvases ”
Paragraph 6
Lita takes photos of her models before starting to paint.
“I have a group of people who come to my workshop; I dress them, place them
appropriately and photograph them .”
Paragraph 7
to Lita is going to hold exhibitions of her works in Spain.
“In October, two exhibitions, in Barcelona and A Coruña , can contribute, he says, to
Spain giving him 'finally the kiss he would like'.”
size: format g the house: the home

6 spacious: spacious h resident: settled
abcde deplores: regrets Yo reflect: think about it well
country: land j desired: quoted
f
assistant: assistant k wandered: wandered
terrible: tremendous l rich: wealthy
7 ab
iii
The following typical elements of an article appear in the text:
• headline
• date
• organization in paragraphs
• indirect interview with the protagonist of the article
• formal registration
• quotes etc.
to “It was pure street” (intro):
I didn't live in an environment with rules or adult control, I was on the streets without
parental control.
b
“two heavyweights” (paragraph 2):
Two important people, two people with great reputations in their field.
c
“When you have to survive you cannot grow” (paragraph 4): If you do not meet your
basic needs, you cannot develop as a person.
d
“the kiss I would like” (paragraph 7):
The reputation you would like to have in Spain, you would like to be known in Spain.
3
9
Solutions
9 • The phrases in the text are conditional sentences.

• The verbs in bold correspond to the following verb tenses:
a “If he knew how much I learned from him.”: imperfect subjunctive
b “…without my adoptive mother I would not have developed .”: past pluperfect
subjunctive
c “…if I studied, ［…］ I would get a painting teacher.”: simple conditional
10 a If I were Lita Cabellut, I would go on television to promote my paintings in Spain.
b If Lita Cabellut had not been adopted, perhaps she would not have been able to go to
painting classes.
c If Lita Cabellut had not gotten a scholarship to go to Holland, perhaps she would not be
known now.
d If there is a Lita Cabellut exhibition in my town, I will go see it.
e If Lita met her old painting teacher, she would thank him for everything she learned
from him.
f If Lita Cabellut had not learned to write, her adoptive mother would not have allowed her
to go to painting classes.
1–4 Free response
Language
Relative sentences
1 Lita met an old painter from whom she learned a lot.
2 The painting whose title is Coco nr. 48 represents an elegant seated woman.
3 Her workshop is the place where Lita feels most comfortable.

4 Lita has models come to her workshop to pose for her.
5 Lita was raised by her adoptive parents whom she loves very much.
Types of texts
A Parts of a book
1 1e, 2k, 3g, 4h, 5a, 6j, 7f, 8c, 9b, 10i, 11d, 12l
3 HUMAN
INGENUITY A
2 a Cover: title of the book, name of the author, intriguing phrase about the novel,
name of the publisher and collection to which the novel belongs (“narrative”)
b Back cover: photograph of the author, name of the author, title of the book,
significant quote, summary of the work, name of the publisher, collection to
which the novel belongs, website of the publisher, barcode
c Dedication : name of the people to whom the author dedicates the book
d Epigraph: quote from a poem, a speech, a novel or another that has inspired
the author
3 a Young people because the narrator is young and it seems that they are having
adventures; to adults for the collection to which the book belongs.
bSebastian
c A 12-year-old boy whose parents have died and that is why he goes to live with
his uncle.
d It is a realistic (and adventure) novel
e It may indicate that the person is not entirely normal, or it may question what it
means to be “normal.”
f It seems like it's good not to be normal because the adventures you live are
exciting and make you get out of your daily routine.
g It is not clear what is going to happen in the novel. It seems that the protagonist
has many adventures, but it may be because he reads books, watches movies,
or has a lot of imagination.
h Past tenses are used (imperfect past, indefinite past and perfect past) and the
present at the end.
4–5 Free response
B Technical sheet of a work of art

1 a Free response. Possible answers: impressionism, romanticism, pre-Raphaelism,
dadaism, minimalism, etc.
b Free response. Possible answers: self-portrait, still life, nude, icon, fresco, etc.
c Free response. Possible answers: cold colors, sepia, Chinese ink, chiaroscuro,
mixing several shades of the same color, primary colors, etc.
d Free response. Possible answers: in the foreground/background, to the left,
behind/in front of…, near…, in the distance, use of perspective, etc.
e Free response. Possible answers: intensity, pleasant, superficial, boring, sad,
amateurism, masterpiece, etc.
2 Free answer.
3 1c, 2g, 3f, 4b, 5a, 6d, 7e, 8h
4 Free answer
Solutions
1–2 Free response
Literature
Text 1
fragment of The tunnel , Ernesto Sábato
1 Free answer
2 called
b attributes
c understand
d unhappy
and sad
3 Correct order:
d Castel describes the atmosphere of the exhibition and one of his paintings. a A
girl (María) looks at the painting carefully.
e Castel feels frustrated and anxious because the woman is gone.
c Castel spends a lot of time observing the people who come to see his painting.
b A girl (María) begins to become an obsession for Castel.
4 Phrases in which the description of the painting appears:
Paragraph 1:
“it was well architected”; “But above, to the left, through a small window, you
could see a small, remote scene: a lonely beach and a woman looking at the sea.
It was a woman who looked as if waiting for something, perhaps some muffled
and distant call. The scene suggested, in my opinion, an anxious and absolute
loneliness.”
Paragraph 2:
“An unknown girl stood in front of my painting for a long time, apparently
paying no attention to the large woman in the foreground, the woman who was
watching the child play.”
3 HUMAN
INGENUITY A
5 to words, expressions or phrases that show the bad opinion that Castel has about
critics:
“As the critics say in their unbearable dialect , it was solid, it was well
architected. In short, I had the attributes that those charlatans always found
in my paintings, including “a certain deeply intellectual thing.”
b words, expressions or phrases that show that the girl (María) is absorbed in
Castel's painting:
“ She stared at the scene in the window and as she did so I was sure that she
was isolated from the whole world; "He did not see or hear the people
who passed or stopped in front of my canvas."
c words, expressions or phrases that show that Castel is beginning to be
interested in the girl:
“ I watched her all the time with anxiety . Then she disappeared into the
crowd, while I wavered between an invincible fear and an anguished desire
to call her ; “When she disappeared, I felt irritated, unhappy, thinking
that I might not see her again ”
“But he didn't appear again . During the months that followed, I only
thought about her, about the possibility of seeing her again .”
d words, expressions or phrases that show that the girl can be Castel's new muse:
“And, in a way, I only painted for her .”
1–4 Free response
Text 2
fragment of Normal Person , Benito Taibo
1 Free answer
2 a He says “yuck!, mathematics”
b He is from Mexico because at his school they study the history of the country
c His parents have died and he lives with his uncle Paco.
d The narrator is writing a diary like Anne Frank and is the same age as she was
when she started writing hers. Like Anne Frank, the narrator writes a diary to
overcome something that has happened to him.
e In diary format
f He is one of the few who knows where Malaysia is, if not the only one
Solutions

to the one who thinks for himself: independent, reflective, analytical, etc.
b the one who gets angry at injustice: supportive, concerned, conscious, etc.
c the one who celebrates the child being saved in the flood: empathetic,
sentimental, optimistic, etc.
d the one who firmly believes in what he believes: secure, committed,
immovable, stubborn, etc.
and the one who has dreams: dreamer, excited, idealistic, hopeful, etc.
f the one who can fall madly in love: infatuated, romantic, passionate, etc.
4–5 Free response
1 Free answer
2 Free answer. Note: As can be seen in unit 1 of this book, pages 39–41, the same
characters appear in the novel Hearts .
3 HUMAN
INGENUITY A
GRAMMAR
The verbs 'ser' and 'estar'
Question 1
is this
1 The museum… so big that I got lost. x
2 My brother's room... very clean and tidy. x
3 Claudia … very proud of the traditions of her people. x

x
4 That red-haired girl… very concentrated on the painting.
5 The director… an expert in pre-Columbian ceramics. x
6 The literature teacher… Argentina. x
7 Walking through the countryside… a very healthy activity. x

x
8 My sister…delighted to be able to visit the Mayan pyramids.
9 Ernesto… film scriptwriter. x

x
10 The museum guide … standing, talking about the exhibitor's
objects.
Question 2
1 Do you remember where the theater is ? It doesn't appear on the map.
2 In which classroom is the exam? I'm going to be late.
3 Where is the concert? I think in the Juárez Theater, in the center.

4 It's night now and I don't want to go out.
5 The chair is next to the table.
6
Where is the theater script? I left it on the table and it's gone.
7 The celebration dinner is at Casa Rafael.

8 My sister is visiting Mexico right now.
9 What day of the week is your friends' wedding?
10 The museum is in front of the park.

Question 3
1 With the gerund, we always use estar .
2 To describe moods, we use estar .
3 To describe where we are, say the location, we use estar .
4 For the physical description of a person, we generally use ser .
5 To identify who or what we are referring to, we use ser .
6 To tell the time, we use ser .
7 To express how we feel, we use estar .
8 To describe the situation or state in which a person, thing or place is, we use
estar .
9 To describe the inherent qualities of something or someone, we use ser .
Relative clauses
Question 1
1 Watercolor is a type of paint whose colors are diluted in water.
2 A self-portrait is a painting that represents an image of the person who paints it.
3 The palette is the object where paints are placed and mixed before painting.
4 Oil painting is a type of paint whose main component is oil.
5 A masterpiece is a painting that is considered one of the best in the history of
painting.
6 The easel is an object whose purpose is to hold the painting that is being painted.
Question 2
Marcos: The visit was much better than I expected. I really liked the rooms where
everyday objects from the Mayan culture were displayed. The only bad thing is that
my camera battery ran out and my phone doesn't have a good camera. As my friends
say, the camera is an object that I can't be without for long, so it bothered me that I
couldn't take photos. But, well, since the museum is huge and I didn't have time to see
everything, I will definitely return.
Lorena: A friend that I trust a lot had recommended that I go to the museum if I
visited Mexico City, and it did not disappoint me. It is one of the museums about
which I had heard the most opinions and it really is as interesting as they say. I loved
learning more about the Aztecs.
3 HUMAN
INGENUITY A
and how they lived before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors. It is my favorite
museum I have visited so far.
Pablo: I went to the museum accompanied by a Canadian friend with whom I had
been traveling. We both loved it. It is a gigantic museum where you can not only
learn a lot about the Mayans and the Aztecs, but also about other pre-Hispanic
cultures, such as the Toltecs or the Olmecs. One of the things my friend complained
about is that not all the explanations are translated into English, but I have already
told him that he has to learn Spanish, it is a language with which you can
communicate with the majority of the inhabitants of America.
Question 3
1 My uncle Paco is the one who recommends different readings to me.
2 I have never read an adventure novel that was so interesting.
3 Those who read The Diary of Anne Frank will be impressed.
4 Human is he who has dreams.
5 I don't know anyone who writes novels at my school.
6 I'm looking for a novel in Spanish that is action-packed and also easy to read.
7 I don't have any friends who know where Malaysia is.
8 The book I have now is Around the World in Eighty Days .
3A The System
Question 1
1 In addition to being the founder of the Venezuelan Orchestra System, José
Antonio Abreu was an economist.
2 According to José Antonio Abreu, talent improves self-esteem.
3 The System began 40 years ago.
4 The children targeted by the System come from environments with little
money.
Question 2
1 d
2 and
3 b
Question 3
1 According to Abreu, children who join the System learn to understand the
value of beauty.
2 Why does Abreu think that his project will continue to grow? The project has
the support of the government of Venezuela.
3 Why are countries like France and Greece mentioned in the report? Because
these countries have imitated the System project.
3B The Talavera of Puebla
Question 1
1 Talavera can be seen in the museum starting tomorrow.
2 Talavera is typical of several Latin American countries.
3 What was cheaper in the 16th-17th centuries, according to the recording?
Manufacture tableware in Mexico.
4 What is the main objective of this text? Announce a cultural event.
Question 2
1 Mexican Talavera ceramics are characteristic of the state of Puebla.
2 It began to be made in Mexico because rich families wanted plates and tableware
made of fine European earthenware.
3 The first artisans soon adopted indigenous traditions as well.
4 The artist Chuy Pérez will offer workshops to learn how to make talavera.
5 Tickets can be purchased at the box office or through the museum's website.
3 HUMAN
INGENUITY A
Question 3
TRUE Fake
In the museum you can see talavera made by current
x
artisans.
x
Traditional pieces in the exhibition will only be seen by a
limited audience.
There are discounts to see the exhibition. x

Ceramic pieces can be purchased at the museum. x
Anyone who wants can attend the workshops. x

Participants in the workshops need to bring some materials x
from home.
You have to pay to participate in the workshops. x

x
You can see the entire exhibition virtually on the museum's
website.
3C Francisco de Goya
Question 1
1760: Year he began studying painting
1763: He moved to Madrid.
1771: Moved to Italy.
1773: Married.
1789: Became painter to the royal family.
Question 2
1 Goya painted many portraits of famous people.
2 What subject is unusual in Goya's paintings? The religion.
3 Goya, in his paintings, seems to be interested in history.
4 In other paintings bulls appear.
Question 3
…was born in 1746 near Zaragoza in Aragon.
…he participated in the creation of the frescoes in the church of the Virgen del Pilar.
…King Charles IV appointed Goya as court painter.
…he made many portraits of the royal family – the family of Charles IV.
…series of paintings that presents bullfighting themes and, of course, their majas.
…the atrocious images of the War of Independence.
Transcripts
TRANSCRIPTS
The Talavera of Puebla

And now, we move on to inform you about the cultural agenda of the week.
Starting tomorrow, the Museum of Popular Art will house hundreds of works of
Talavera ceramics from Mexico, as part of the exhibition on traditional Mexican art
that has been in the museum since the beginning of the year.
Mexican Talavera ceramics are characteristic of the state of Puebla, although they are
also made in other places in the country. Only the Talavera of Puebla is considered
authentic, due to its history and the good quality of the clay from that area. As its
name indicates, it was originally a type of ceramic similar to that made in the town of
Talavera de la Reina, Spain, but when it arrived in Mexico in the 16th and 17th
centuries, it acquired its own characteristics and differed from the Spanish one. A
curious fact is that this type of ceramics began to be made in Mexico because rich
families wanted plates and tableware made of fine European earthenware, but these
broke easily when transported by ship to the American continent. Therefore, the idea
arose of creating the dishes in Mexico itself, since it was much cheaper. The first
artisans had Spanish, Arab and Italian influences, and soon also adopted indigenous
traditions, so it can be said that the Talavera of Puebla is typically Mexican,
characterized by bright colors and images of flowers and plants, among other things.
Talavera was used both in tableware and in containers for hospitals, and even in
containers for wine and pulque, the traditional Mexican drink. It was also used to
make tiles, first for the interior of buildings, for example for kitchens, and later for
the facades of houses and churches.
During the exhibition, the public will be able to admire contemporary Talavera
ceramics, made by some of the best artists of the moment, as well as more traditional
pieces.
Admission to the exhibition is free. In a room of the museum there will be a store
where you can buy unique pieces at cheaper prices. In addition, the artist Chuy Pérez,
who works in one of the oldest talavera factories in Puebla, will offer workshops to
learn how to make talavera open to the public, with special hours for schools. The
materials are included and participants can take home the pieces they make. Tickets
to attend these workshops can be purchased at the box office or through the museum's
website.
We hope you visit this exhibition, which is really worth it.
In other cultural news…
3 HUMAN
INGENUITY A
Francisco de Goya
Francisco de Goya y Lucientes was born in 1746 near Zaragoza in Aragon, the son of
a painter and gilder of altarpieces.
He received his education in the Pious Schools of Zaragoza and in 1760, at the age of
14, he began his artistic training. In 1763 he went to Madrid, where he worked with
the painter Francisco Bayeu, who had a notable influence on his training. With Bayeu
he participated in the creation of the frescoes in the church of the Virgen del Pilar in
Zaragoza.
In 1771 he traveled to Italy, where he stayed for a year, returning to his country in
1773 where he participated in several projects for the creation of frescoes.
In that same year, 1773, he married Josefa Bayeu, sister of the painter Francisco, and
the couple had eight children; Unfortunately, all of them died at birth or when they
were very young, except for the last one, Javier Goya and Bayeu.
In 1789, King Charles IV appointed Goya as court painter, soon becoming the
official painter of the Palace. He had a special position at court, which caused the
Prado Museum in Madrid to inherit a very important part of his works. His wife died
in 1812 and Goya died in Bordeaux, France, on April 16, 1828.
During his long career, Goya produced a prolific range of works.

Due to his position as official court painter, he painted many portraits of the royal
family – the family of Charles IV, of prominent members of the nobility, for example
the Duchess of Alba, and of famous people of his time.
On the other hand, his religious paintings are not very numerous, but the frescoes of
the Church of Pilar in Zaragoza and those of San Antonio de la Florida stand out.
He also painted the reality of Spain, with historical themes such as the atrocious
images of the War of Independence, and memories of important events such as The
Executions of the Third of May .
Less gloomy is his series of paintings that presents bullfighting themes and, of
course, his majas – La maja naked and La maja dressed , two portraits of the same
model.
The system
The founder of the Venezuelan Orchestra System, the Venezuelan economist José
Antonio Abreu, believes that there are no children without talent for music and with
that premise his goal is for every Venezuelan to be a musician and for music to help
them overcome fears, raise their self-esteem and loving the beauty of life.
“Any child has the potential for musical art and orchestral development. What I do is
enhance that vocation,” says Abreu. He reminds us that the symphonic project known
as “El Sistema” and which he founded 40 years ago is more social than artistic and its
main objective is “to rescue medium and low-income children and young people
through music.”
Transcripts
For a child who is born with social disadvantages, learning a musical instrument
“opens a bright path,” “ennobles” and “dignifies” him, says Abreu, pointing out that
this musical boy also fills his family with pride. to his neighborhood and to himself
by being able to represent his country with dignity anywhere in the world.
“The development of music awakens many hidden intellectual potentials in children,
for example it favors mathematical talent,” says the founder of more than 800
Venezuelan orchestras and almost 400 choirs that make up El Sistema, in which
more than 500,000 are trained. boys and young people.
He highlights that throughout these 40 years he has been able to observe how the
children who enter the System develop an aesthetic conception, and "begin to
appreciate beauty in all its manifestations", not only in its artistic manifestation, but
"the beauty of life itself".
Abreu says that his idea is that this project does not stop growing and that every child
can participate in the orchestras, a goal that he believes is possible since the
Venezuelan State has fully supported the System.
The El Sistema orchestras have participated in several tours abroad, in Europe and
the Americas, for example, and this experience of El Sistema outside its borders has
encouraged other countries to install a social musical program inspired by the
national project. That is the case of Great Britain, France, Greece, the United States,
most of the countries of South America and part of Central America and the
Caribbean.
3 HUMAN
INGENUITY A
1–4 Free response
FROM THE LANDFILL TO THE

ORCHESTRA
before reading
1–3 Free response
After reading
4 a In Paraguay
b 25,000 families
c People live next to garbage and in a state of poverty; there is drug trafficking
and crime
d Social worker and music teacher
e The garbage collectors of Cateura or “gancheros”.
f In 2006
g Pipes, coins and spoons (saxophone); gasoline cans (double bass)
h 30 children
i Graham Townsley
j Free response
5 Free answer. Possible answers:

to landfill: garbage dump
b overcome: overcome/overcome difficulties
c take advantage: make a profit
d resources: money/means
e collect: collect
f transform: alter/modify/convert
g elaborate: make/manufacture
6 1 a, h; 2 b, d; 3g; 4c
There are plenty of phrases: e, f
1–8 Free response

4 SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
COMMITTED YOUNG PEOPLE

before reading
Noun Adjective Verb
(the participation participate
participatory participant
(commitment Engaged to commit)
(the reinvidication vindictive claim
(The transformation transformer transform
(the) eradication eradicated eradicate

(the celebration celebrated celebrate
(The reduction reduced reduce
2 Free response
3 1g, 2a, 3d, 4h, 5f, 6c, 7e, 8b
4 Free response
After reading
“young people”, “volunteers”, “claims”, “eradication of poverty”,
“volunteering”, “inequalities”, “agents of change and transformation”, “more just
society”, “we move”, “communities” sustainable”, “cooperation”, etc.
6 a October 16
b In Madrid
c 150 young people
d From different territories/different provinces throughout Spain
e Raise your voice against inequalities and demonstrate as agents of change and
transformation
f Because it is the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty g They want
communities to have an active population that
invest in employment, housing, health and education, based on cooperation
h It can be achieved by collaborating in food collections in public areas,
collective organic gardens, solidarity markets and solidarity meals
i • They want education to transmit values to ensure an inclusive society and
egalitarian coexistence
• They want quality education to guarantee the future of young people
Solutions
j Varied, healthy and balanced

k You can:
• save the forests
• use water responsibly
• conserve and correctly use marine resources for sustainable development
• choose responsible consumption/consume responsibly
• opt for sustainable energy
1–7 Free response
WITH OR WITHOUT TILDE?

before reading
1 a Free response
b Free response
c crusade: (1) Military expedition of those that in the Middle Ages led the
Christian armies against the infidels, especially those directed against the
Muslims to liberate the holy places (2) Set of activities or efforts that are
carried out for a certain time and They are aimed at a good goal, especially to
combat something that is considered bad or harmful.
crusader: person who participates in a crusade.
2–3 Free response
4 a Free response
Meaning Origin
molar (a lot) Spain
to like someone (a lot)
have a good vibe have a positive attitude Argentina
job job Spain

work job Peru, Ecuador and
Mexico
silver money Latin America
bowling discotheque Argentina, Uruguay

be on the lookout Spain
be informed, aware of
something
nosh eat Spain

(Note: some words have more than one meaning)
4 SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
5 • The EFE agency is the first news agency in Spanish and the fourth in the
world. It distributes almost 3 million news items a year in different media:
text, photography, audio, video and multimedia, which reach more than two
thousand media outlets in the world daily.
source: www.efe.com/efe/espana/queesefe/presentacion/14001
• The RAE ( Royal Spanish Academy ) is an institution with its own legal
personality whose main mission is to ensure that the changes that the
Spanish language experiences in its constant adaptation to the needs of its
speakers do not break the essential unity that it maintains throughout the
area. Hispanic.
source: www.rae.es/la-institucion
Examples of Spanish language academies in other countries:

• Colombian Academy of Language
• Ecuadorian Academy of Language
• Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language
• National Academy of Letters of Uruguay
• Puerto Rican Academy of the Spanish Language source: www.asale.org
6 1h, 2d, 3e, 4g, 5c, 6l, 7b, 8i, 9a, 10k, 11f, 12m, 13j
7 ai , b ii , c ii , d iii
After reading
spelling crusaders : a group of people who fight against incorrect spelling on
the street, pointing out errors with pieces of paper where they explain the
violated spelling rule with humor.
b urban interventions: operations to correct spelling mistakes on public roads
carried out by spelling crusaders.
c graffiti artist: person who writes or draws graffiti.
d retire spelling: proposal by Gabriel García Márquez to simplify the Spanish
language
to Pablo Zulaica Parra: He is the young Basque who created the “spelling
crusaders” initiative in Mexico, and which later spread successfully to Peru
and Argentina. He is an advertising editor and lives in Mexico.
b Rodrigo Maidana: He is an Economics student from the Argentine city of La
Plata who leads the initiative of the “spelling crusaders” in his country. In his
comments to the Efe agency, he noted that: “The main objective is for people
to become aware of the importance of using our language well.”
Solutions
c Gabriel García Márquez: He is the famous Colombian writer, now deceased. In

1997, at the first International Language Congress held in Mexico, he suggested
accentuating in a more reasoned way, as part of his proposal to “retire spelling.”
d Lorena Flores Agüero: She is a young Peruvian who created the “tildetón”, a
planned outing to put accents on the streets that had already been organized in
Mexico and Peru, and that would later be done in Argentina.
10 a False: “The movement was born last June in Mexico , at the initiative of the
young Basque Pablo Zulaica Parra, and soon spread to Peru and Argentina”
b True: “The movement was born last June in Mexico, at the initiative of the
young Basque Pablo Zulaica Parra ”
c False: “As soon as they detect the mistake, these 'spelling crusaders' paste a visible
paper accent in which the violated spelling rule is also explained .”
d False: “Each act of grammatical vindication is photographed and the images are
uploaded to the various blogs of the 'Lost Accents' initiative , where
interesting debates about Spanish are also generated, an initiative that also gains
followers through the social network Facebook ."
e True: “As a rule, these young people request permission to paste accent marks
whenever possible , but if they are commercial or political advertisements they
do so without permission.”
f True: “Lack of education, disinterest and bad habits are some of the reasons that
these young people discover for the progressive abandonment of accent marks”
g False: “the false rule was established that capital letters do not have a graphic
accent .”
h False: “This crusade ［…］ is about bringing a smile and helping to improve
the use of our language”; “the project ' has a very important recreational
component '”; “These defenders of the accent are not dogmatic at all ”
INTERGENERATIONAL HOUSING
before reading
1 Free answer
2 1d, 2h, 3b, 4i, 5j, 6g, 7a, 8e, 9f, 10c
3 1d, 2a, 3g, 4b, 5f, 6c, 7h, 8e
4 SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
After reading
Types of texts
A Review
1 b
2 • the name of the author/artist

• the title of the work
• biographical information about the author/artist
• a summary of the work or important information about the work
• an evaluative comment on the work, with references to previous works by
the author/artist
3 by steps
Paraguayan b
c garbage
d viral
and catapult
f guide
g strange
h scenarios
i full
j natural disaster
k hope
l testimony
m transformer
n resistance
4 Free answer
5 to
Positive ideas Negative ideas

The moments – Juliet • optimism and relief
Venegas • electronic and friendly
• commercial explosion
production
• The moments come with
a frown
• Hope and passion have
been replaced by
disenchantment and
laziness...
• The changes caused by
maturity are no longer
an exciting challenge.
Solutions
Party walls – Gustavo somewhat failed

Tareto • stimulating, vital and
necessary within such a
diverse and varied
cinematographic
panorama
• manages to universalize
the scope of his vision,
without excluding or
leaving anyone aside
• They knew how to build
solid personal
microworlds in strong
consonance with reality
The traveler of the century – excessive, complex

Andrés Neuman
• ambitious, excessive,
complex, historical, love
novel
• complex artifact
• a certain sense of humor,
a deliberate mystery and
evocative language,
without abandoning
modernity and poetic
effects
b Free response
6–7 Free response
B Travel diary
1–2 Free response
31d,2g,3a,4f,5h,6c,7e,8b

A cause
1–3 Free response
Solidarity groups
1–2 Free response
All united by one language

1–6 Free response
4 SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
Literature
1–4 Free response
Nature Trips Both

• forest • path
• bank • backpack • route
• lakes • baggage • region
• mountain • kilometres • mountain tent
• hostel • roadside house
• blanket
• to camp
• motorcycle
fragment of The Motorcycle Diaries , Ernesto Guevara

6a,d,e,g,i
To write
1–6 Free response

GRAMMAR
The adverbs
Question 1
Of place: here, there, far, below, in front, around, above, within
Of time: before, now, tomorrow, then, soon, now, never
In a way: like this, good, bad, quickly, quickly, slowly, high, low
Quantity: very, too much, more, little, enough, almost
Affirmation: yes, too
Of denial: no, neither, never, never
Of doubt: perhaps, perhaps, perhaps
Question 2
1 My friend Marcos never shuts up, not even in class. Our teachers say he talks
too much .
2 I can carry on a conversation in Spanish if people speak slowly .
3 I always buy my books in a bookstore, instead of ordering them online. We must
defend local businesses!
4 During the week, I get up at half past six to go to class. On weekends, I usually
get up late to catch up on lost sleep.
5 I can't find my keys but I could swear I left them on the table a minute ago.
Question 3
1 of place
2 of doubt
3 of time
4 so
5 of frequency
6 quantity
7 of affirmation
4 SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
Prepositions
Question 1
to; in view of; with; against; of; from; in; between; toward; until; for; by; without;
after
Question 2
End extreme poverty. Fight inequality and injustice. Solve the problem of climate
change. Oh. The global goals are important, they are world-changing goals that will
require cooperation between governments, international organizations and world
leaders. It seems impossible that ordinary people can influence anything. Are you just
going to give up?
No! The change starts with you. Really. Each and every human being in the world,
even the most indifferent and lazy, is part of the solution. Luckily , there are very
easy things that we can introduce into our routine and, if we all do it, we will achieve
great changes.
Question 3
1 They say it's not going to rain but I bring my umbrella just in case.
2 Mateo has to deliver this essay to his teacher tomorrow without fail.
3 The relationship between the workers of this factory and their director went from
bad to worse.
4 The tennis player barely won the gold medal in the last Olympic Games.
4A Future perspectives
Question 1
1 The youth unemployment rate in Spain is close to 50%.
2 In general, young Spaniards are quite pessimistic.
3 In relation to the job search, young Italians are less pessimistic than
Spaniards.
Question 2
TRUE Fake
Getting your first job in Spain is not an easy task. x

x
Adecco has carried out a study with the aim of knowing the
work expectations of young Spaniards.
The Swiss are the most optimistic young people. x

x
More than 50% of the Spanish youth population considers
they have the most important skills to enter the world of work.
For young English speakers, knowing languages is not very

high on their list of skills when it comes to finding a job.
Question 3
According to a study, four out of ten young Spaniards believe that they will not be
able to find a job in the first year after finishing their studies. The requirements that
young Spaniards consider that can open up more job opportunities for them are
knowledge of languages , experience and digital skills. Typically, they aspire to have
a stable salary, land the job of their dreams, and work for a socially responsible
company.
4B Cohousing : A home with views of the

community
Question 1
Get to know other members of the group; Form an association; Form a cooperative;
Have similar ideas about the use of common areas.
Question 2
Cohousing is an alternative model to conventional housing that combines private
life with shared areas. It has been designed primarily for older people who decide not
to go to live in a residence , but it can also cover the needs of other groups with a
common interest, for example, young professionals , or people with the same
environmental concerns. In the common areas (dining room, classrooms , offices,
meditation area, etc.), neighbors can carry out shared activities.
4 SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
Question 3
Elena Catimbe…
TRUE Fake
…is the owner of a cohousing. x

…has participated in a cohousing project. x
x
…thinks that the cohousing project is not the responsibility of
the people who are going to live there.
…believes that balance is very important when it comes to x
living in a community.
…believes that the cohousing design will incorporate the x

needs of the neighbors
x
… believes that cohousing can have therapeutic elements.
4C A review
Question 1
1 Lola's recommendation is a book .
2 The title of the work is Complete Works (and Other Stories) .
3 Lola recommends the Anagrama edition in her collection Compactos de
Bolsillo, whose first edition was published in 1998 .
Question 2
According to their order of appearance in the recording: humility, irony, sense of
humor, love of small things
Question 3
He was born in Guatemala in 1921, where he spent his childhood and youth .
In 1944, he arrived as a political exile in Mexico City, where he settled and where he
developed practically his entire exceptional literary life . Great self-taught, he
confessed that at the age of eleven , he left school and began to read and learn
various disciplines, including music . He founded the association of young artists
and writers of Guatemala, known as the “Generation of 40”, and dedicated himself,
constantly, discreetly and without pause, to the world of stories. He died in Mexico
in 2003 .
Transcripts
TRANSCRIPTS
A review
Carlos Santos: What is the book you recommend today, Lola?
Lola Barroso: A book that says like this: “It is within my calculations that you will
be surprised to receive this letter. It is also probable that at first he will take it as a
bloody joke, and almost certainly his first impulse will be to destroy it and throw it
away from him. And yet he would hardly fall into a more serious error. In his
defense, he would not be the first to commit it, nor the last, of course, to repent. I'll
tell you frankly: I feel sorry for you. But this feeling is not only natural, it is in
accordance with your wishes. "You belong to that taciturn portion of human beings
who find in the commiseration of others a relief for their pain."
Carlos Santos: And what is the title of this book?
Lola Barroso: It's called Complete Works (and Other Stories) by Augusto
Monterroso.
Carlos Santos: But, how come...? I mean, it's a book... it's a little book, actually.
Lola Barroso: It's a little book!
Carlos Santos: It is a very fine little book and it is called…
Lola Barroso: Complete works .
Carlos Santos: Complete works . Let's see, where is the trick?
Lola Barroso: Well look... and also the thing about (and other stories) he puts it in
parentheses. This is one of the characteristics of Monterroso. His humility, his irony,
his sense of humor and love for small things. And that always discreet way of leaving
a mark, a deep mark with his stories and his way of writing. This book, which he
called Complete Works (and Other Stories) was the first one he published – and the
first one he called Complete Works – in 1959, and is made up of thirteen stories,
among which is “The Dinosaur.” What they say, Carlos, is the shortest story in
Spanish-American literature. Biting little stories that never fail to awaken our
admiration, always full of modesty and that wisdom that always characterized
Monterroso.
Carlos Santos: And this sense of humor... tell us more about Monterroso.
Lola Barroso: She was born in Guatemala in 1921, where she spent her childhood
and youth. In 1944, he arrived as a political exile in Mexico City, where he settled
and where he developed practically his entire exceptional literary life. Great self-
taught, he confessed that at the age of eleven,
4 SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
He left school and began to read and learn various disciplines, including music. He
founded the association of young artists and writers of Guatemala, known as the
“Generation of 40”, and dedicated himself, constantly, discreetly and without pause,
to the world of stories. He died in Mexico in 2003. I quote some of his books, The
Black Sheep and Other Fables , Perpetual Movement , The Gold Seekers and this is
just a sample of what I think Monterroso would have liked.
Carlos Santos: Eh... Do you recommend any special edition of this book entitled
Complete Works (and Other Stories) by Augusto Monterroso?
Lola Barroso: Yes, the Anagrama edition in its pocket-sized Compactos collection,
whose first edition was published in 1998, with successive editions later, of course.
The cohousing
Hello everyone. We begin this new program of the week by discussing an innovative
project: cohousing or cohousing. And it is already a fact: cohousing has arrived in
our country to stay.
Collaborative housing, as cohousing is also called, is an alternative model to
conventional housing, which includes and combines private life, for example
apartments and townhouses, with a large shared area in which gardens, sports areas,
and recreation areas, which are self-managed by the community of neighbors.
Cohousing has been designed and created above all for older people who decide not
to go to live in a residence, but it can also cover the needs of other groups that have a
common interest, such as groups with similar hobbies or ages. similar (for example,
young professionals or people with the same environmental concerns). In many
cities, more and more small groups are proliferating and taking the first steps to begin
their collaborative housing plan.
An important step when starting this type of project is to get to know each other, to
know if all the members share the same vision, if they have similar ideas on all the
issues that affect the owners or tenants: use of common areas and services, expenses,
improvement ideas, schedules, etc.
To begin with, it is common for a cooperative to be formed, as happened with
Lunasol, a project that older people have made a reality in our city. In this
cooperative, part of the surface has been allocated to apartments for private use. In
the common area, areas have been built for the use of all the owners: dining room,
classrooms, workshops, offices, meditation area, gym, where shared and self-
managed activities are carried out by the neighbors themselves.
Transcripts
According to Elena Catimbe, from Ecohousing Arquitectos Arias, who carried out
the project, this model “is based on the mutual help that people seek. They have had
time to get to know each other because these projects are carried out in the long term
and give time and space to know what is desired and needed.” Our goal as architects
and planners is to always respond with our design to the needs of all the people who
will live in the building, listening to all requests and reaching a creative and
functional agreement. For Elena, “collaborative housing can even be therapeutic.”
Future prospects
With a youth unemployment rate of around 50%, it is difficult to remain optimistic
when looking for your first job opportunity. Four out of every ten young Spaniards
consider that they will not be able to find a job in the first year of searching after
finishing training, according to a study carried out by Adecco to understand the
employment expectations of young people around the world.
The Spanish are the most pessimistic in this regard, followed by the Japanese and the
Italians. On the contrary, almost nine out of ten young Swiss people hope to get a job
in less than a year after completing their studies.
Although they are aware that they are not going to have it easy, 67.5% of young
Spaniards claim to have the necessary skills and competencies to work in the future.
Languages, experience and digital skills are the requirements that young Spaniards
believe can open up more job opportunities for them.
On the contrary, young English speakers are the ones who value language knowledge
the least, 31% in the case of the British, 35.4% in the case of Australians, and 38.7%
in the case of Americans.
And what do young Spaniards expect from the next ten years? First and foremost,
financial stability, followed by having your dream job; Third, work in a socially
responsible company.
Solutions
1 a sustainable
b waste c fossil fuels d diversity
and ozone layer
f transgenic
g pollution h climate changes i deforestation
j emissions
k renewable energies
Nouns Adjectives Verbs

sustainability sustainable hold
deforestation deforested deforest
issue issued to emit
diversity diverse to diversify
heating hot heat
renewal renewable renew
waste wasted waste
3 Free response
ECOURBANIZATION
before reading
1 a Inform about what recycling is and how it can be done.
b To the citizens of a city
c glass, paper and cardboard, organic waste, plastic and cans, batteries.
d Free response
e Free response
2 Free answer
After reading
3 to inhabit: live
b city: city
c zone: region
d likewise: at the same time
e misery: poverty
f advance: development
g guarantee: ensure
5 SHARE THE PLANET
4 a True: “ Shopping centers replacing public spaces .”

b False: “Economic and administrative centers full of life during the day and
empty at night .”
c True: “Residential neighborhoods on the periphery differentiated by social
stratum .”
d False: “Change in land use that generates pressure on ecosystems .”
5 1d, 2c, 3e, 4a, 5b
6
energy housing air pollution

c,f b,d a,e
1–4 Free response
NATURE AND ASPHALT

before reading
1 Free answer
After reading
2 to form: way
b base: base
c construction: habit
d footprint: impact
e hard: strong
3 a iii , b ii
4 a • Cities turn their backs on the natural environment.

• Natural resources are only seen to meet the needs of increasing
industrialization and urbanization.
b The civil population, the academy and the state
c Design, plan and build
5 The three correct sentences are: a , b and c
6 a iii , bi , c ii
Solutions
7th we live
b cities
c let's support
d initiatives
and leaders
harmonic f
g needs
h generations
1–4 Free response

Free answer
Health Welfare Environment Economy
• You feel joy. • You save a lot on
• Improve your • You smile when transportation.
• You don't consume
health. you go downhill. oil.
• Fight obesity. • You make friends. • With it the planet
• Reduces the risk of
does not heat up.
heart attack.
• It makes your city
• Your legs become
more breathable,
more agile than
friendlier.
Messi's.
6–8 Free response
ACTIVE AND COMMITTED TOURISM
before reading
1–2 Free response
After reading
3 a • It is one of the main activities of human beings in their free time.
• It is the economic engine of many countries.
b Ecological, rural, gastronomic, cultural, ethnological and supportive.
c Active and committed (“A more active and committed way of getting to know different
places and cultures”)
d Natural and human resources
and Pandora
4 ai , b ii , c ii
5 perspective : point of view

b way: way
c important: powerful
5 SHARE THE PLANET
d completely: totally
e works: operates
f distribute: distribute
g both: both
h give the opportunity: allow
6 a True: “it must be understood as a tool for economic improvement and

cultural exchange with host communities”
b False: “ it is based on cultural exchange and on certain occasions on
participation in concrete actions, carried out in a respectful and enriching
manner for both parties”
c False: “ a percentage of the benefits generated is distributed to the
participating communities ”
7 It is learned, taught and shared.
8 to acquire knowledge: learn
b be a good influence: favor
c sign or mark left when passing through a place: footprint
d habits of a group of people: customs
e set of plants and animals of a place: fauna and flora
1–6 Free response
SOLAR GRANDMOTHER
before reading
1 Free answer
After reading
2 1f, 2b, 3g, 4e. Propositions a, c, d are superfluous.
3 a The objective is for grandmothers to contribute to the autonomous
development of the territory.
b Because they are people who have roots in the community and are going to
return to put into practice what they learned.
Solutions
4 a False: “Norma Guerra, brave woman from the Cachimbo community, in Oaxaca,
without technical or language knowledge , traveled to India”
b True: “Norma Guerra, a brave woman from the community of Cachimbo, in
Oaxaca, without technical or language knowledge, traveled to India, with great
effort and with the purpose of bringing light to her community, she became one
of the “first Mexican solar engineers .”
c True: “advancement is not in the hands of the professionals of the world, but in
those of the inhabitants of the community itself, since it is in them that
learning must begin for the benefit of their own people .”
d False: “Thanks to the successful international program 'Las Abuelas Solares' ,
thousands of women around the world who do not have electricity have been
able to participate in the electrification of their own population.”
5 In the phrase …
the)
words) ... in the text it refers(n) to...
a … which has 149 which the municipality of San

inhabitants… (paragraph 1) Francisco Ixhuatán
others basic services
b … electricity and water, among
others … (paragraph 1)
those who their hometowns
c …in which they carry out their
activities… (paragraph 3)
their Norma Guerra
d … electrified with her
companions… (paragraph 6)
1–6 Free response
THE WATER OF THE ANDES

before reading
1 Free response
5 SHARE THE PLANET
After reading
2a They live in the country with the most rivers per square kilometer on the
planet, but they have no problems accessing water
b Pipes and tanks Active and committed Water purification Diarrhea
c
d
e
3
abcde create: invent key: secret put together: mix stop: retain cleanse: purify
4 ai , b ii , ci
1–3 Free response
Types of texts
A Essay or writing
1 Free response
speech or conference
1 ai , iv , v
b iii , iv
ci , iv
2 Free answer
Rehearsal Speech
a It has a title. x
b It addresses the audience directly. x
c It can be formal or informal. x
d Includes a greeting and an introduction. x
e It is composed of three parts. x x
f Its objective is to convince. x
g Subjective language is used.
h Its objective is to inform. x
i Includes a farewell. x
Solutions

Technology and environment
Ecological awareness
1–9 Free response
sustainable tourism
1–8 Free response
Literature
Text 1
Fragment of History of a seagull and the cat that taught it to fly ,
Luis Sepúlveda
1 a It's a seagull
b His wings are dirty and stuck to his body, he cannot move them
c An oil spill, a black tide
d From an oil tanker (Many times large oil tankers take advantage of days of
coastal fog to go out to sea to wash their tanks. They threw thousands of
liters of a thick and stinking substance into the sea that was carried by the
waves.)
e Forbids witnessing the death of one's companions
f Humans
g Yes, because sometimes small boats approached the oil tankers and prevented
them from emptying the tanks.
h Being able to fly very high, so the sun will melt the oil
2 • the slimy stain
• Petroleum
• the black plague
• the oil spill/the deadly oil spills
• a thick and foul substance
• the poisoning of the seas

5 SHARE THE PLANET
GRAMMAR
The conditional
Question 1
we would change; you would sing; you would begin; they would eat; would buy; you
would say; we would have; we would do; could you; would you like; you would
receive; they would know; you would go out; you would come; they would see
Question 2
1 It would control the price of housing.
2 I would ensure that young people have access to employment.
3 It would give everyone access to free education.
4 It would provide medical care to the entire population.
5 I would build more homeless shelters.
6 It would toughen penalties for gender violence.
7 It would fight against the production of greenhouse gases.
8 It would promote international rules for environmental protection.
Question 3
If I could live again, next time I would try to be more daring. I would n't be so afraid
to do different things, I would skydive, get closer to people and have more friends.
If I could live again, I would make more trips, visit more places, bathe in cold and
warm seas, climb mountains, go down into valleys.
If I could live again, I would laugh more, cry less, share my emotions.
If I could live again, I would be happier and I would make other people happier.
Verbs of change
Question 1
1 The day I heard the news of their wedding, my jaw dropped .
2 My nephew was orphaned after his parents' accident.
3 Although she was not the most beautiful girl, María became the most sought-
after model of her time.
4 Water turns to ice at zero degrees.
5 When I hear sirens I get very nervous.
6 My son has changed a lot lately. He has become very independent.
7 How tall your daughter is! He's getting older!
8 Many people go crazy for fame and money and forget their values.
Question 2
To be made Become Stay
blind x
bowled over x
buddhist x
bald x
pregnant x
someone's friend x
in white x
of gold x
rich x
crazy x
Question 3
1 When it's sunny I get happy. The sun gives me joy.
2 I'm sorry I have to go. It's getting late, I have to prepare dinner for my children.
3 When Juan and Pepa got married everything was different, Juan was very happy
and fun, but over time he changed and became serious.
4 Sometimes, as people get older, they also become grumpier.
5 He had a difficult youth. When she was 15 years old she had an accident and
went blind.
5 SHARE THE PLANET
6 When midnight struck, Cinderella's horses turned into mice.

7 Jennifer Lopez became famous for her role in Selina .
8 Terrorism has become the biggest concern of the modern world.
9 I became a vegetarian last year.
10 María became a doctor because her parents forced her.
5A Coffee to generate renewable energy
Question 1
TRUE Fake
Coffee production generates a lot of waste. x
Waste from coffee production causes a lot of pollution. x
Coffee waste can be recycled to produce fuels that harm the

x
environment.
x
Coffee waste can be used to produce food for humans.
x
Recycling coffee waste can also have positive health impacts.
Coffee recycling projects have been implemented throughout
x
Latin America.
Question 2
UTZ certification is a sustainable agriculture program that aims to promote the
management of harmful waste on coffee, cocoa and tea farms, and improve its
effects on the environment. This initiative has shown that it is possible to generate
biogas through the treatment of coffee honey water and other waste. Waste
honeywater is discarded into rivers and negatively affects both clean waters and flora
and fauna. With this new initiative , polluting waste is processed for the production
of biogas in reactors, a green alternative that has two benefits : preventing
honeywater from contaminating the region's rivers, and reducing the generation of
gases that cause the greenhouse effect.
5B How to live more sustainably?

Question 1
1 What types of changes do we need to have a more sustainable life? Small
actions.
2 What type of garbage do we throw away at the collection points? The one that
cannot be thrown into normal recycling bins.
3 What two benefits does using public transportation have? Save money and
make new friends.
Question 2
As pots for plants; To store other foods.
Question 3
When we save water, we also save money; The local economy improves when we
consume products produced near our homes; If we close doors and windows, we can
save energy.
5C Urban gardens
Question 1
Have a suitable place.
Have the authorization of the community.
Decide the type of crops.
Decide the time of year.
Investigate the type of care needed.
Question 2
TRUE Fake
First he grew his family's favorite vegetables. x
It is difficult to grow aromatic herbs. x
He has already collected the results of his first harvest. x
The biggest problem he faced was time. x
The birds ate its seeds at first. x

He bought a scarecrow so the birds wouldn't eat. x
Question 3
1 Why did Augustine take so long to make his garden on the roof? Lack of time.
2 What are the plants that grow the fastest in your garden? Potatoes.
3 Who collaborates in the garden? Agustín and his family.
5 SHARE THE PLANET
TRANSCRIPTS
How to live more sustainably? •

Sustainability is already a philosophy of life for many people. Sustainability can be
embraced in many ways, but if you want to help the planet, you don't have to make
radical changes: with small actions we can go a long way. Here are some tips to
make sustainability your way of life without having to completely change your daily
life:
Recycle
In addition to garbage separation containers, in many cities there are “clean points”
or places where you can take objects or waste that cannot be thrown away in normal
recycling containers, such as containers, batteries or cooking oil. We can also give a
second chance to the things we don't use, either by donating them or transforming
them into something with a different use. For example, we can use jam jars to store
other foods, or as pots for plants. Let your imagination fly.
Use only the water necessary
When we brush our teeth, we often let the water run. Also when we shower we
leave the tap open so that the water reaches a pleasant temperature. These actions
result in us wasting a lot of water.
Use a glass when you brush your teeth, or collect the water you waste when you are
waiting for the shower to heat up in a bucket: you can use it to water the plants. Not
only will you help the environment, but you will also save money.
Eat local products
Remember that if you consume seasonal products produced near the place where
you live, you will not only be supporting the local economy, but you will also be
contributing to the reduction of their environmental impact, since these products
have not traveled from distant places and have not used large amounts of fuel to get
them to your house.
Save energy at home
Turn off the lights when you don't need them, use energy-saving light bulbs, and
close doors and windows when you are using the air conditioning or heating. You
will help the environment and your home economy will also improve.
Transcripts
Rethink your way of moving around the city

Use your bike or walk when you go to places that are close to your home. Not only
will you reduce your emission of polluting gases, but you will also exercise and your
health will thank you. When the trip is longer, use public transportation or share the
car with people who have the same destination. You'll save money and even make
new friends.
Urban gardens
Interviewer: Today we are going to interview Agustín. Hi there.
Agustín: Hello, very good.
Interviewer: Agustín lives in a big city and has been growing different
vegetables in a garden on the roof of his house for some time. When did the idea
of the roof garden come to you?
Agustín: I had been thinking about this idea for a long time. I have always been
interested in sustainable living, but due to lack of time I had been postponing it. Last
year I went with a friend to a talk about the development of gardens in cities and then
I decided not to wait any longer and get to work.
Interviewer: What are the first steps to start a garden?
Agustín: First of all, you must have a space. If you live in a building with more
neighbors you have to have permission from the community. Next, you have to think
about what type of vegetables or fruits you need or want, and find out everything
related to their cultivation, for example, when it is best to plant them, the type of soil,
and the care they require.
Interviewer: What plants do you have in your garden?
Agustín: I started with potatoes, cucumbers and tomatoes, because they were the
products we consumed the most at home. Then I introduced some herbs like parsley
and mint. Right now I have more than ten different types of vegetables.
Interviewer: What are the plants that have surprised you the most?
Agustín: The potatoes because they grew very quickly, in 15 days they had large
leaves. I have already harvested the first harvest and I am very proud of the result.
Interviewer: What has been your biggest problem with the garden and how did
you solve it?
Agustín: I think that at first the biggest problem was the birds that came to eat the
seeds. I put up a net and, together with my children, we made a scarecrow. After this,
the birds did not return.
5 SHARE THE PLANET
Interviewer: What have been your greatest satisfactions with the garden?
Agustín: The garden has become a place to share time with the family: my children,
my wife and I, we all collaborate. It is also very satisfying to grow your own food.
Every time I go up to the garden it makes my heart happy.
Coffee to generate renewable energy

The waste generated during coffee production is highly polluting and negatively
affects the environment. But what would happen if we recycled that waste to generate
energy and organic fertilizers? How could communities and farmers benefit from the
coffee sector?
Currently there are different initiatives around the world to use coffee waste in the
production of ecological biofuels, organic fertilizers and even animal feed. These
projects are being carried out with the aim of helping the environment and improving
health. In 2014, the plan to generate energy through the use of UTZ Certified coffee
waste had already been implemented in eight coffee farms in Nicaragua, ten in
Honduras and one in Guatemala.
How is it used and what is it doing?
UTZ certification is a sustainable agriculture program that aims to promote the
management of harmful waste on coffee, cocoa and tea farms, and improve its effects
on the environment. This initiative has shown that it is possible to generate biogas
through the treatment of coffee honey water and other waste.
Waste honeywater is discarded into rivers and negatively affects both clean waters
and flora and fauna. With this new initiative, polluting waste is processed for the
production of biogas in reactors, a green alternative that has two benefits: preventing
honeywater from polluting the region's rivers, and reducing the generation of gases
that cause the greenhouse effect.
In addition, the coffee pulp is being used to organically fertilize the coffee fields
themselves. In the past, pulp was thrown away or destroyed by burning, which
generated more pollution and toxic gases in the atmosphere. Now you not only save
but also contribute to avoiding toxic emissions into the air.
With these types of projects, we all win.
Solutions
1 Free answer
• language • dances
• traditions • Mexico
• traditions • Catalonia
• nationality • Spain
• identity • traditional costumes
• communication • castellers or human castles
• passport • gastronomy
• languages • typical dishes/typical food
• parties • Paella
• music
3–4 Free response
THE IDENTITY SIGNS OF

TAQUILE
before reading
1 Free answer. After reading the text, you can check that the correct answers are: a
ii , b iii , c ii , d ii , ei , fi
2 Free answer. After reading the text, you can verify that the correct answers are:
a True: “This Quechua-speaking people still preserves their rituals” (Text A1)
b False: “what makes the island of Taquile a special place is the hospitality of
its inhabitants ” (Text A1); “ The inhabitants are nice , but we didn't see
many.” (Text A2 – Carla)
c False: “Its around 2000 inhabitants, dedicated mainly to weaving and crafts
” (Text A1); “From what I saw, it is very tourist-oriented .” (Text A2 –
Carla)
d True: “Its around 2000 inhabitants, dedicated
mainly to fabrics and crafts” (Text A1)
e False: “There is no police in it, because crimes are not committed, nor are
there means of transportation beyond the legs .” (Text A1);
“That's why there are no vehicles on the island .” (Text A2 – Juan)
f True: “Those who decide to visit it and spend a night there can stay in a
family's house ” (Text A1)
6 IDENTITIES
g True: “This Quechua-speaking town still preserves its typical rituals and
clothing .” (Text A); “I learned a lot about the clothes they wear and what
they symbolize ” (Text A2 – Luisa); “ Their traditional clothing is based
on traditional Catalan clothing” (Text A2 – Juan)
h False (this answer does not appear in any of the texts – see activity 3b)
After reading
3 a See answers to activity 2
b The answer that does not appear in either text is: h they have many cats and
dogs
4 to stay to sleep, to stay: to stay
5 approximately: about and around
c as a team, collaborating with each other: collective
d happiness, good mood: joy
e clothing, outfits: clothing
f illegal acts: crimes
g of remote or ancient origin, which has been passed from generation to
generation: ancestral
h small boat: boat
i that has the elementary characteristics, simple: rudimentary
j steps, stairs: steps
5 1e, 2h, 3a, 4j, 5c. The following five sentences remain: b, d, f, g, i.
1 a Free response
b Free response
c 1e, 2d, 3b, 4i, 5g, 6h, 7a, 8c, 9f
2 Free answer
PRESERVE IDENTITY
CULTURAL
before reading
1 Free answer
2 1e, 3a, 4b, 5c
The words or expressions that do not have an opposite are: 2, 6, d, f
3 Free answer
After reading
4 Free answer
5 a The three synonyms of the verb say that appear in the text are:
Solutions
• assure: “This is what Dr. Juan Carlos Zuberbuhler assures ” (line 7); “
assures the expert” (line 9)
• highlight: “ highlights the child and adolescent psychiatrist” (–line 21)
• point: “the doctor points ” (line 26)
bi draw attention to something: highlight
ii affirm the certainty of something: assure
iii hint at a topic slightly: point
c• point • express
• say • manifest
• note • hold
• to declare • explain
6 a • “Child and adolescent psychiatrist says that…” (line 1)
• “assures the expert (line 9)
• “something that is very important for the child and the adolescent,” says
Zuberbuhler ” (line 10)
• “ the doctor points out” (line 26)
• “According to the specialist ” (line 37)
In the phrases… words) … They refer to …

to … instilling in them the cultural
customs of their parents'
countries of origin helps them
understand their roots…
them children
b …benefits for both them and
parents… they children
c …creating strong foundations in

developing self -esteem and
self- confidence. his, himself a minor
d … if these come from different
countries these your dad or mom
and ...after them , they learn to the stories of
value every effort that their improvement (from
parents make... they their parents)
8 Free response
6 IDENTITIES
LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY

before reading
1 Students have to answer the questionnaire on the Spanish language in teams, trying
to complete it in the shortest time possible. If in doubt, you can ask your teacher
to give you some clues.
to Japanese, ignorant, Ecuadorian
( Clues: coming from an Asian country; person who doesn't know much;
coming from a Latin American country)
b
Arab
( Hint: language that reached the Iberian Peninsula through North Africa)
c
Basque or Basque
( Hint: official language of Spanish territory whose origin is unclear)
d Yeah
( Hint: a friend with whom you have a romantic or sexual relationship
without commitment)
an
d companion
( Hint: the people you share a house, class, work with
F remember
( Hint: it's the opposite of "forget")
g
ham
( Hint: very typical food from Spain that comes from pork)
h Thousand
They contain the five vowels
About 88,000 words
k Yes, in Ceuta, Melilla, Equatorial Guinea (Africa), the Philippines (Asia) and
Chilean territories in Antarctica.
l It reads the same from left to right as from right to left ( Hint: it's a
palindrome)
m
nahuatl
( Hint: pre-Columbian language still spoken in Mexico)
n
The letter “x” in Mexican Spanish can be pronounced in four ways:
• as /j/: Oaxaca, Xalapa
• like /ks/: taxi
• like /sh/: xola
• like /s/: Tlaxcala
2 1g, 2i, 3h, 4f, 5e, 6j, 7c, 8a, 9k, 10d, 11b
to it's embarrassing F snack

b get up early g revealed
c sundayers h whopping
Solutions
d premiered Y comadres
and desktop o
4–6 Free response
After reading
7 to 58 photographs
b colorful
c future generations
d outdoors
8 to people: faces
b emotions: feelings
c collaboration: participation
d happiness: delight
9 d The main purpose of this article is to present a cultural event that can be
visited in Mexico.
1–2 Free response
BETWEEN TWO CULTURES

before reading
1 Free answer
After reading
2 1g, 2c, 3h, 4f
3 a iii , bi , c ii , d iii
4 Free answer
5 • Three Wise Men: Christmas tradition. In many Hispanic countries, children are
told that the Three Wise Men will leave gifts at their homes on the night of
January 5.
• Eggs with potatoes: Typical Spanish dish, simple and tasty. In southern
Spain, the Canary Islands and parts of Latin America, potatoes are called
“papas.”
• rice three delicacies: Typical dish of Chinese restaurants in Spain. The
main ingredients are: rice, shrimp, French omelette and cooked ham.
6 IDENTITIES
6 Free answer
7 1 e : China-Andalusian or Andalusian-Chinese?
2 c : What is it like to be from two places at the same time?
3 f : Does it seem like being from nowhere?
4 j : Are you clearer about where you are after this book?
5 l : The cultural clashes have been strong. Tell me some that have been difficult to
manage with your mother...
7 g : How have the Spanish received it?
8 n : And has the Chinese community received it well?
11 a : Will there be a second part?
Questions b , d , h , i , k , m are superfluous
8 a False: “ Chaotic and confusing at first , enriching later.”
b True: “ Of course , in fact, I mention it in the acknowledgments of the graphic
novel.”
c False: “my mother decorated the Chinese restaurant, but we didn't decorate the
house , and as children that was very shocking to us, so one time my sister and I
bought a mini tree with our allowance.”
d False: “There is some criticism, but most of it is on the positive side .”
e True: “they didn't read it until I gave them the finished book. And they loved it,
they couldn't stop laughing .”
f False: “ The book above all portrays our family relationship .”
g True: “It has happened to me that many mixed couples understand and enjoy what
I draw, they identify with it . “A Spanish girl whose boyfriend is Chinese told
me that, thanks to the book, she understood her in-laws much more and that
it opened her mind a lot .”
“Second-generation Chinese like me have told me that it was the first time they
felt identified and understood .”
h True: “ He hasn't met her in person yet , I'll tell you when the meeting
happens.”
9 Free answer
• Because the book is in the form of a menu.
• Because the book tells the story of a family that owns a Chinese restaurant.
• Because the title of the book is a mixture of two typical foods from Spain and
China.
1 Free response
2 a At Quan Xhou's mother's restaurant

b In the first image, Quan Xhou's mother and her clients, a French couple; in the second image, Quan Xhou and his sister
c Quan Xhou's mother speaks French with her French clients and seems to be able to speak English with her English clients
as well. His two daughters are speechless.
d It's funny because apparently Quan Xhou's mother barely speaks Spanish since she has never taken Spanish classes
Solutions
3 Free answer
Types of texts
Interview
1 a Free responses in some cases, depending on the characteristics found in the examples investigated. Possible answers:
Table A
Oral interview (radio, Written/published
TV...)/dialogue interview
1 date x
2 headlines, intros x
3 greetings to the public x
4 name of the journalist or interviewer x
x
5 expressions like “Tonight we have with us”, “and that's all for today”
6 expressions like: “of course, hahaha”, “well, well, I don't know…” x
Table B
Direct Referred or indirect
interview/transcription interview
7 “Learning languages makes you more tolerant,” said Paloma
Suárez. x
8 Paloma Suárez said: “Learning languages makes you more
tolerant.” x
9 Interviewer: Paloma, why is learning languages important? Paloma: I x
think that, apart from the fact that all learning is good, it makes you
more tolerant.
10 cohesive text, with introduction, body and closing x

11 division question – answer – question – answer… in different x
paragraphs
12 synonyms of the verb “say”: affirm, emphasize, express, comment, x
manifest, etc.
13 Paloma Suárez expressed her belief that learning languages makes x
us more tolerant.
14 different sections x x
6 IDENTITIES
b Free answer
2 abcd Yeah
No
Yeah
It depends (sometimes, the interviewer explains where the interview takes
place, how the person being interviewed is dressed, if he/she has arrived on
time, what impression it makes on him/her. You can even offer your point
of view on some of their answers)
ef Yeah
gh Yeah
I Yeah
Yeah
Yeah
kl Yeah
m Yeah
no Yeah
pq Yeah
Yeah
Yeah
No
It depends (some magazines may transcribe everything the interviewee says,
even when it is vulgar language, to represent the language they assume their
readers have or to appeal to a younger audience.)
3 Free answer
Interview to Interview b
date
x x
(June 3, 2015) (September 3, 2011)
headline, entry x x
introduction to the interviewee x x
x
name of journalist or interviewer (Rodrigo Santodomingo) X (Javier Lizarzaburu)
Interviewee treated about you x
Interviewee treated about you x

5 Free response

Preserve indigenous languages and cultures
1–2 Free response
Solutions
Literature
Text 1
Quotes from famous authors, artists and entrepreneurs
1 to forged
b different
c opening
d future
and legitimate
f security
g slave
h waste
2 a – quote e
b – quotes f, h
c – quote c
d – quotes b, d, f
e – quotes a, b, g
3 Free answer
Text 2
fragment of “Walimai”, Isabel Allende
1 Free answer
2 Summary b is correct.
3 a iii , bi , ci , d iii
To speak and write

1–2 Free response
Free answer
6 IDENTITIES
GRAMMAR
Comparative sentences
Question 1
I speak more languages than most of my classmates.
Alonso speaks more than four languages.
I always bring more food than I need.
The island of Taquile is less touristy than the island of Puno.
The island of Taquile is more interesting than I thought before going.
Ángel studies fewer subjects than his brother.
I have visited more than five countries so far.
My uncle has visited more countries than my entire family combined.
Question 2
1 When I travel to other countries, I feel like I am full of energy and I never get
tired of visiting new places.
2 The other day I read the Gazpacho book Bittersweet and the truth is, it was as if
the author had read my thoughts, because my experiences as a person who
comes from two different cultures are almost identical to hers.
3 Since she knows she is going to live in Mexico, Sandra constantly calls me to ask
me things about the country. It's like I want to know everything about the
country before visiting.
4 On the island of Taquile and other islands in Lake Titicaca, part of the population
lives as if technological advances do not exist .
5 When I visited the island of Taquile for the first time years ago, it was as if I had
taken a trip to centuries past.
Question 3
Being more bored than an oyster.
Being more lost than an octopus in a garage.
He is more alone than anyone.
Be better than bread.
Be poorer than a rat.
Be stronger than an oak.
Solutions
Object or complement pronouns

Question 1
1 I gave Carlota a book by Juan Rulfo.
2 Are you interested in pre-Columbian cultures?
3 Laura does not like to travel abroad, she prefers to get to know her country better.
4 They gave us coffee and we stayed chatting on the terrace.
5 My cousin is passionate about learning about other cultures.
6 My uncles are waiting for me at the airport.
7 You guys look a lot alike ... are you family?
8 After classes, Óscar and Belinda like to ride their bikes.
Question 2
1 I just can't believe it .
2 I would like to see it before Friday.
3 I would like to be able to speak it fluently when I live in Peru.
4 I will visit them again next summer.
5 They really were.
6 It is important to know their situation in order to help them .
7 I haven't seen them for several weeks.
Question 3
1 The object pronoun lo is used when I refer to a singular masculine noun.
2 The object pronoun las is used when I refer to a feminine plural noun.
3 The neuter pronoun lo is used when I refer to something that is not a noun, and that has neither gender nor grammatical
number.
4 The object pronoun los is used when I refer to a masculine plural noun.
5 The object pronoun la is used when I refer to a singular feminine noun.
6 The pronouns come before the conjugated verb in the personal form.
7 The pronouns come after the gerund, infinitive and imperative and form a word with the verb.
6 IDENTITIES
6A Multicultural families
Question 1
1 Why does Lorena think she speaks Spanish better than other languages? He uses
Spanish in his daily life.
2 What does Lorena say about being multicultural? Each person from a
multicultural family goes through different situations.
3 How did Lorraine learn German? He read original texts in German.
Question 2
Question 3
TRUE Fake
Lorraine spent summers in France. x
Lorena would like to get to know German cinema better. x
Lorena travels to France frequently. x

Lorena studied in France. x
68 The languages of Spain

Question 1
indicated that 6.7% of the world population is Spanish-speaking
around 47 million live in Spain
Spanish is not the only language in the country
29% of the Spanish population speaks Catalan
5.95% speak Galician
seven million people know how to write Catalan
thanks to changes in government educational policies
On Wikipedia, Spanish occupies fifth position in number of visits
Question 2
of the world's population ➔ the world's population
it is not the only language of the country ➔ it's not the country's only language
they continue to use that dialect day in day out

according to statistics revealed by the study
surprising statistics are also that
a study indicated that ➔ a study indicated that
of all the existing languages
Question 3
around ➔ approximately knowledge ➔ indicated ➔ pointed out
understanding finally ➔ finally presented ➔
continue ➔ continue showed revealed ➔ evidenced
in matter of ➔ regarding
6C Food and identity

Question 1
Lidia likes that everyone in Mexico eats tortillas, regardless of their origin, social class, etc.; Lidia found it difficult to find
tortillas when she first arrived in Spain; The presenter mentions that Mexican food has official recognition.
Question 2
1 At Pedro's son Francisco's restaurant, traditional food has a contemporary touch.
2 In the restaurant you can also eat food like on the streets of Mexico.
3 Lidia says that she is going to go to Francisco's restaurant very soon.
Question 3
TRUE Fake
Pedro doesn't miss tortillas because he goes to Mexico very x

often.
For Pedro, the best tortillas are the ones his mother x
prepared.
As a child, Pedro ate omelette with egg and sauce for
breakfast. x
The tortillas are used as a plate to put the meat on, or as a x
spoon to bring the food to the mouth.
Francisco's restaurant only serves modern food. x

6 IDENTITIES
TRANSCRIPTS
Multicultural families
Interviewer: And now, in this section of the program, we are going to talk about
a current topic: multiculturalism. There are more and more families in our
country with members of different cultures or nationalities. Today we will talk
with Lorena Gómez, a sociologist expert in immigration who also comes from a
multicultural family.
Good afternoon, Lorena, and thank you for coming.
Lorena: Thank you for inviting me, I am delighted to be with you.
Interviewer: To start, tell us about your family and why it can be considered
multicultural.
Lorena: Well, my father is German and my mother is Colombian. They met in
Colombia, where they worked, and I was born there, but when I was fifteen, I came to
live in Spain. I studied my degree in Spain and when I finished, I went to work in
France for a few months, and there I met David, who is the father of my two children.
Interviewer: Oh my goodness, a lot of different nationalities in one family!
Lorena: Yes, it's complicated but it's fun too. The most difficult thing is to find an
identity within so many cultures, languages, nationalities, and so on.
Interviewer: Do you consider yourself Colombian, German, Spanish, or from
where?
Lorena: A little bit of everything. I think the language I master best is Spanish
because it is the one I normally use the most, at work and at home, but German is also
my mother tongue. Regarding traditions, I consider that I am a mixture of everything:
I have a “multicultural” identity. It is a difficult concept to define, because this
experience is different for each person, but it is what best defines me.
Interviewer: What did your parents do so that you could know and identify with
all the cultures to which you belong?
Lorena: Well, since I lived with them in Spanish-speaking countries, Spanish was
not a problem, because it was what was spoken on the street, at school. At home, my
father always spoke to me in German, and tried to get me to watch German television,
read stories, novels, magazines... in that language. Furthermore, I spent the summers
with my paternal family near Berlin, so I have many German friends.
Interviewer: Lorena, did you have problems because you were from such a
different family?
Lorena: Problems, problems, no... but I always felt like something was missing. For
example, I would like to know something more, because I don't know much about
German music or cinema. In Colombia there were no German cultural associations
where we lived, and I had no contact with almost anyone from there. Luckily, I have
Transcripts
always been able to travel to Germany. My parents were not rich, far from it, but they
considered it important to maintain ties with both countries.
Interviewer: And your children, are they having different experiences than
yours?
Lorena: Partly yes, because France is very close and they go frequently. It's easier
now than when I was a child; Thanks to the Internet and improvements in
communications, my children are in constant contact with their French family, and I
think they feel as French as they do Spanish. They also speak a little German with
their grandfather and cousins. The bad thing is that they still don't know Colombia,
but when they are a little older we will take them.
Interviewer: What advantages does belonging to a multicultural family have?
Lorena: I think it makes you more tolerant, because you experience cultural
differences and similarities firsthand, and you learn to live with different traditions. It
also, at least in my case, makes you want to know more about other cultures; It makes
you more curious and respectful. But of course, you can also be that if you don't come
from a multicultural family. I guess it depends on the person, the upbringing and the
values your parents have instilled in you.
Interviewer: Oh, Lorena, what a shame our time is up. It has been a pleasure to
talk with you.
Lorena: The pleasure has been mine.
Food and identity

Interviewer: And we're here once again to see what people think about our topic
of the week: food and identity. Today we focus on Mexican food, which as
everyone knows, has been declared intangible heritage of humanity by
UNESCO, for having preserved the traditions, techniques and ancestral dishes
of the country. We have with us Lidia and Pedro, two Mexicans who are living
here in Spain, who are going to talk to us about what Mexican food means to
them, specifically, something as Mexican as tortillas. Lidia, tell us.
Lidia: Well, for me, tortillas are one of the most Mexican things there are, and they
make me feel proud of my country, because all the people there, without exception,
the rich, the poor, the children, the elderly... eat.
When I arrived in Spain I went to live in a town in the north, where there were no
restaurants serving cuisine from other countries, and I missed it very much. I couldn't
even find them in supermarkets.
Interviewer: Pedro, has the same thing happened to you too?
Pedro: Not so much, because I go to Mexico very frequently, and every time I go I
try to eat all the dishes that I like, and I bring back my favorite tortillas, of course.
Although the best tortillas were the ones my grandmother prepared by hand. Every
morning he began to prepare them to have them ready for breakfast. Every morning I
ate my omelet with egg and sauce. For me, it is a meal that reminds me of the happy
moments experienced as a family since childhood.
Interviewer: Why do you think tortillas are so popular?
Lidia: Well, they are used in many typical dishes, such as tacos, chilaquiles,
enchiladas and many more. In addition, they can be used for everything, for example,
9
6 IDENTITIES
as a plate, since you put the meat or sauce in them and they act as a plate, or a spoon,
to push the food and bring it to your mouth. Even in some traditional places, a very
thin part of the tortilla is used as a napkin.
Interviewer: Well, I'm already getting very hungry talking about such delicious
food. Pedro, I think there are expert tortilla cooks in your family, right?
Pedro: Well yes, my son Francisco, who studied hospitality, has opened a Mexican
restaurant where he tries to cook traditional dishes with traditional techniques and
ingredients, but with a modern touch as well. Tortillas and other dishes have been
eaten long before the Spanish arrived in America. It was the basis of the food of the
Aztecs, of the Mayans... and my son wants his restaurant to be a bit like a
continuation of those very Mexican traditions. In his restaurant, he tries to make you
live the experiences that a Mexican would live, eating with the family. But it also has
a street food section, because we must not forget that in Mexico the food sold on the
street is delicious, and very traditional.
Lidia: Well, when I feel very nostalgic and long for my beautiful Mexico, I already
know where I'm going to go, haha. I'll start tonight.
Interviewer: My mouth is already watering! Unfortunately, we have to finish our
interview now. Thank you both very much for being so kind to answer our
questions.
Lidia : To you
Peter: Thank you
Interviewer: And now, we go back to the study with…
Transcripts
The languages of Spain

In 2014, a study indicated that 6.7% of the world's population is Spanish-speaking, a
total of 470 million people. Of these, around 47 million live in Spain. However,
Spanish is not the only language in the country. Six of the 17 autonomous
communities have a second language.
According to the data revealed by the study, 29% of the Spanish population speaks
Catalan, 6% speaks Basque or Basque, and 5.95% speaks Galician. What's more,
more than seven million people know how to write Catalan and 12 million understand
it. Surprising data are also that 83% of young people between 16 and 19 years old
have greater knowledge and use of the language of their region thanks to changes in
the government's educational policies.
Furthermore, in Spain there are more than 10 dialects of Spanish, including Canarian
and Andalusian, and for example in Andalusia alone there are about 8 and a half
million people who continue to use that dialect in their daily lives.
The study also presented some interesting conclusions regarding the use of Spanish in
the media. 7.8% of Internet users communicate in Spanish, and Spanish is the second
most used language on Twitter in cities such as London and New York. Finally, of all
the existing languages on Wikipedia, Spanish occupies the fifth position in number of
visits.
Solutions
1–5 Free response
SOCIAL CHANGES
before reading
1–3 Free response
After reading
4 • customs:
• the ambitions of young people:
La5 they want 5ev
• the fight for equality and justice:
• medical and technological advances:

7
EXPERIENCES
• The effects of globalization:
5 Free answer. Answer example:

The second bullet refers to the fact that young women no longer have the
ambition to get married and start a family but rather to find a good job with a
decent salary that allows them to be independent. That is why they pursue higher
education, and wait longer before getting married and having children. There is
still much to do, for example so that women can balance professional and
personal life, or so that all employees, men and women, receive an equal salary
for the same work. In my country, …
6–8 Free response
FIFTEEN YEARS OLD'S PARTY

before reading
1 a image a : wedding; image b: baptism; image c: birthday; image d: first
communion.
b–c Free response
2 Free answer
3 Possible answers (other options are also valid):
Solutions
Christening Wedding Birthday Fifteen years old's party

• break a piñata • sing “Las Mañanitas” • wear a long white dress
• wet the head with baptismal • wear a long white dress • treat the birthday person • break a piñata
water • throw the bouquet • break a piñata • wear a crown and a long
• give a reminder • wear something new, • make a wish princess dress
• toast someone/something something old, something • pull the ears • give a doll
• have a party borrowed and something • give a reminder • give a reminder
• make a banquet blue • toast someone/something • toast someone/something
• the request for a hand • sing a song to the birthday • make a speech
• dance the waltz person • have a party
• present the alliances • have a party • make a banquet
• throw rice • blow out the candles on the
• go on honeymoon cake
• give a reminder
• toast someone/something
• put on a garter
• have a trousseau
• have a party
• make a banquet
4–5 Free response
6 1e, 2d, 3f, 4c, 5b, 6a

7 ai , b ii , c iii , di , e ii
After reading
8 ostentatious celebration : lavish party
b capital accommodation: capital hotel
c abstain: deprive oneself
d arrive: arrive
e profitable business: juicy business
f presenter (x 2): master of ceremony , driver
g think: keep in mind
h coat: overcoat
i waste: squander
j get by: manage
9 Free answer
10 a False: “Nervous and satisfied , they race throughout Havana.”
“comment the happy parents a few hours before their daughter reaches the age of dreams.”
b True: “The married couple of Rogelio Sarduy and Maritza López, on the morning of January 30, woke up very early to
ensure all the details of Yailén's 15th birthday party” “ with Asian patience the parents began to put it in their pockets
“From an old coat, part of the money that his relatives sent him.”
c False: “the parents began to keep part of the money that their relatives sent them on the
other side of the Strait of Florida in the pocket of an old coat.”
d True: “It is a Cuban tradition that when teenagers turn 15, they celebrate a lavish party with
choreography , dances in long costumes, and endless photo and video sessions .”
e False: “ Sons are not part of that custom .”
7
EXPERIENCES
f False: “ It all started 12 years ago , when with Asian patience the parents began to keep part
of the money that their relatives sent them in the pocket of an old coat.”
g True: “in order to celebrate their daughter's 15th, even poor families spend what they don't
have and go into debt .” “Others sell valuable items, borrow or pawn.” h False: “The next
morning, without a penny in your wallet, with the happiness of having organized a party
that resonated throughout the neighborhood , is when the good things begin.”
" It's worth it . It is a party that is celebrated once in a lifetime.”
11 Free answer
12 Free answer. Examples of celebrations: “Sweet Sixteen” (in the United States and Canada), Bar
Mitzvah or Bat Mitzvah (Jewish tradition), Rumspringa (Amish tradition), “seijin no hi” (in
Japan), etc.
13 Free answer
Language
H
e speech
1 of the 10 to
2 TO 11 to
3 of 12 of
4 of 13 to
and
5 by 14
6 does 15 to
7 and 16 of
8 in 17 in
and
9
A FOREIGN IN GOOD
AIRES
before reading
1 Free answer
2 Free answer. After reading the text, you can check that the correct answers are: ai , b ii , ci , di , e ii
3 1c, 2f, 3e, 4b, 5d, 6a
4 1c, 2e, 3b, 4f, 5d, 6a
Solutions
After reading
5 Free answer
6 Free answer. Example of answers:
• “Immigrating allowed me to understand people and communities much more.”
This phrase means that Eva understands the people around her better, whether they are Argentinians or immigrants who
came to Argentina for various reasons.
• “You don't have to remember all the good things 'over there' because if you don't you'll get sad.”
This phrase means that according to Eva, it is better to live in the present and not always compare the host country with
the country of origin.
• “I still speak with a pronounced accent.”
This phrase means that although she speaks Spanish fluently, Eva has not lost her French accent.
• “Being an immigrant means integrating without losing your history and personality.”
This phrase means that according to Eva, to live in a foreign country, you have to accept the customs, language and
culture of the host country without forgetting or denying your own identity or your roots.
Happiness Sadness
leave the family ,
find love again , leave your homeland,
live in a city whose inhabitants are friendly, creative and full of energy, abandon your childhood memories, feel
better understand other immigrants, nostalgic,
transmit your identity and your history to your child, having gone through some crises both
be surrounded by people who want to facilitate your integration and well-being personally and professionally
have a lot of friends
having started the week “I lived France in Buenos Aires”
feel like a bridge between two cultures
be part of a Franco-Argentine association of entrepreneurial women
7
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1–7 Free response
THE NEW FAMILIES

before reading
1–2 Free response
After reading
3 Free answer. Example of answers:
extensive : made up of a large number of people
b nuclear: made up of a married couple and their children
c passed through the church: whose wedding was a religious wedding
d well-off: they have a good economic position
and modest: they have few financial means or resources
f they repeat: that they begin a new stage of their life
g proliferation: rapid increase in the number of families h overlapping: adding to
diversity
i social fabrics: relationships between individuals in a society
j presuppose: assume a label of modernity or antiquity without there being any
indications or signs that could justify it
k banish: make a topic disappear or remove it from the mind
They give their all: they show their daughters all the support they are capable of
giving, even if it requires a lot of effort.
4 a Correct information – Paragraph 2:
“ The family is not in crisis at all ; Quite the contrary, it is in a phase of
opening and expansion, the product of shared life experiences, it has enormous
vitality .” b Correct information – Paragraph 2:
“The family is not in crisis at all; Quite the contrary, it is in a phase of opening
and expansion, the product of shared life experiences, it has enormous vitality
and is capable of creating new and varied types of relationships , from micro
to macro families. We are witnessing an incredible development, almost
proliferation, of the family, but those of today are very different. “We are
witnessing an incredible development, almost proliferation, of the family ,
but those of now are very different.”
c Correct information – Paragraph 3:
“The change, reflects sociologist Constanza Tobío, is similar to what other
European countries around us have made before, only much faster and with
greater mix , which means a step further.”
d Correct information – Paragraph 3:

“We are creating new social fabrics that are enormously novel and interesting from the point of view of complexity
and variety …”
e Correct information – Paragraph 4:
Solutions
“And it is true that those who live together are increasingly smaller units of individuals, but these households are
increasingly integrated into family networks that have very close relationships and in which, just as in other
historical moments, solidarity is exercised.” and mutual aid .”
f Incorrect information – Paragraph 4:
“Today, grandmothers devote themselves to their daughters' professional and family projects, and take care of
their grandchildren so that they can work. But the second main character, and a very interesting one, is the maternal
grandfather, who maintains a type of relationship with his grandchildren that he could not have with his children
and with whom he is learning a lot.”
g Correct information – Paragraph 5:
"Perhaps, in Spain we can go to a model that, without completely losing family networks, can have many more public
and social resources than the current ones, support for conciliation and the care of children and the elderly , a bit
like the French case,” says Tobío.
h Correct information – Paragraph 6:
“ Social changes are always faster than legislative changes , but the important advances made by the Government in
the last three years are in line with expanding the social and legal protection of all families.”
5 ai , b iii , ci , d iii
Language
Prepositions and their use
1 of, 2 to, 3 According to, 4 to, 5 for, 6 In/Of, 7 between, 8 of
6–7 Free response

81e,2d,3f,4b,5a,6g,7c
9–10 Free answer
11 1 Thanks to 6 but
2 although 7 since/since
3 Only 8 and also
4 since/since 9 Ultimately
5 Not only
1–7 Free response
Types of texts
To Article
1 • Headline: “Spain loses more than 100,000 inhabitants due to emigration in the first
half of the year”
• Subtitle:
• Last semester, 259,227 people left and 134,312 arrived
• The number of those leaving increases by 10% and the number of those
coming decreases by 11%
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• The number of foreigners has decreased by 4%, according to INE figures”

• Photography: Yes, one
• Paragraphs: Yes, five
• Figures and data: Yes, for example: “In today's statistics, the INE tells us that
immigration has decreased by 11% while emigration has grown by 10.7%. Or,
to put it another way, 259,227 people have left Spain during this semester and
134,312 have come.”
• Quotes: “especially due to emigration and the acquisition of Spanish
nationality” (lines 20–21)
2 • The author of the article is Olga R. San Martin. The date does not appear
• The vocabulary is simple, the sentences quite short. The first sentence
introduces the topic, other sentences serve to recapitulate (“So it is inevitable
that we will become less and less.”) or clarify something (“Or, put another way,
…”). The text is clear and concise, structured in five paragraphs that follow a
logical order.
• That? Spain is losing population
Who? The population of Spain (Spanish and foreigners) How? The number of
people leaving Spain is higher than the number of people arriving
When? The text is not dated but contains expressions such as "Last semester",
"Thursday" and "In today's statistics", and is written in the present indicative,
which indicates that the events it describes are recent.
Where? Spain (these are figures published at the national level) Why? The text
does not offer an explanation for the reasons for the strong emigration. It could
be due to the crisis that, starting in 2008, forced many Spaniards and residents
of Spain who lost their jobs to look for a future in other countries.
Solutions
• The format is that of an online article. Its structure is quite classic.

• There is a photo in the article that represents an empty square. It could be one of these abandoned towns like Granadilla,
in the Cáceres region.
3–5 Free response
B Formal and informal letters

Items formal letter Informal letter
a Type of language used formal language Informal and friendly language

Use of a neutral and careful
style Abbreviations, emoticons or
b Style and format
exclamations may appear
c Relationship between sender and

Distant, respectful Close, friendly
receiver
Date
Receiver address, sender
d Heading
address and date
For example: Hello, Juan:
For example: Dear C.
e Greetings
Lic. Smith MacWire:
The objective of the letter is
discussed:
A question is usually asked or
I would hereby like to request …
wishes are included. The
f Way to start the letter sender shows interest in the
receiver's situation:
How are you? Hope everything
goes well ...
Well-defined paragraphs that
adapt to needs
This format is less formal and
ideas, feelings, thoughts and
g Content (body of letter)
data are shared about aspects
of personal and professional
life.
h Farewell For example: Sincerely For example: A hug
The name and surname(s) of Only the first name appears, for
i Signature the issuer appear, for example: example: Raúl
Icario Bélez Ugarte
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Informal
formal letter letter
To Dear Susan and Juan: x
b I would like to receive information… x
c Dear Sirs: x
d How did the exam go? x
e Receive a cordial greeting, x
f A big hug, x
x
g I would like to invite you to my birthday party.
h I just got back from my vacation… x
i A kiss, x
x
j Department of Languages, University of Bogotá –
Camino del Ensanche, 234 Bogotá
k Barcelona, January 12, 2019 x
l Hello Pepe: x
m Dear Sirs. mine: x
n Dear Mr. Gordillo: x
3 Free response

1–5 Free response
Literature
Text 1
fragment of “The hatch number 12”, Baldomero Lillo
1 Free answer
2 Lexical field of child labor: servitude; factory; exploitation; traffic; illicit;
degrading
Lexical field of children's hobbies: hopscotch; marbles; yo-yo; swing; hiding
place; badges
3 Free answer. After reading the text, you can check that the correct answers are: 1f,
2d, 3j, 4a, 5i, 6c, 7h, 8e, 9g, 10b
4 1b, 2e, 3a, 4c, 5f, 6d

Solutions
Mine Psychological state of the old miner
tunnel, gallery, miner, foreman, whistle, shyness, submission, respect, restless,

gate, forklift driver, bullfight anxious gaze, he stammered, voice
harsh, accent of painful supplication,
voice opaque and trembling, his moist
eyes implored with such insistence,
mute request
6 “face furrowed by deep wrinkles”, “condemned”, “unhappy creatures”, “languishing miserably in the humble galleries”, “hard
lines of his face”, “The hard lines of his face”, “burying him”, “access cough”, “crushed yesterday by the bullfight”
To speak and write
1–3 Free response
Text 2
fragment of Nada , Carmen Laforet
1–2 Free response
3 a ii , b iii , ci
4 Andrea is traveling alone for the first time, but she is not afraid. It seems like a wonderful adventure despite the long trip.
b She is very impressed.
c Andrea describes her trip as follows: “It was the first time I traveled alone, but I wasn't scared; On the contrary, that deep
freedom in the night seemed like a pleasant and exciting adventure to me.”; “with a smile of amazement he looked at the
great France Station”
Upon arriving at the Francia station, Andrea says the following: “with a smile of amazement I looked at the large Francia
Station and the groups that were waiting for the express and those of us who arrived three hours late.”
5 to his feelings towards Barcelona:
• “The special smell, the great noise of the people, the always sad lights, had a great charm for me”
• “a large city, adored in my dreams as unknown”
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b
how it feels:
• “my anxious expectation”
• “I wrapped all my impressions in the wonder of having finally arrived in
a big city, adored in my dreams because it was unknown.”
• “a drop in the stream”
• “my excited heart”
• “laughing appearance”
• “distrustful of the obsequious 'camàlics'”
c
how she is dressed:
• “my old coat”
d What does she have with her?
• “My luggage was a very heavy suitcase – because it was almost full of
books”
6•
“The special smell, the great noise of the people, the always sad lights”
• “a sea air, heavy and fresh”
• “a mass of sleeping houses, closed establishments, lanterns like sentinels
drunk with loneliness”
• “the whispering of the early morning”
• “wide empty streets”
• “the heart of the city full of light at all hours”
To write and write

1–8 Free response
GRAMMAR
Last
Question 1
Imperfect Past Perfect

Past indefinite tense
It is used to describe finished actions that

x
are far from the moment of speaking .
It is used to express very recent actions

and actions related to a period of time x
that we consider current (this month, this
year, etc.).
It is used to talk about customs and
x
habits .
It is usually accompanied by words that x

indicate time (adverbs, phrases, etc.).
It is used to describe situations from the

x
past .
It is used to talk about actions that involve

x
a progression, with results related to
the present moment .
Question 2
1 Imperfect Past
2 Perfect tense
3 Past indefinite
4 Past indefinite
5 Perfect tense
6 Imperfect Past
7 Past indefinite
8 Imperfect Past
9 Perfect tense
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Question 3
My childhood was spent in a small town near Mérida. My father was a carpenter and
worked long hours so, being a widower, he let one of his sisters take care of us
during the day.
At four years old, I already knew how to read thanks to my aunt. She bought me
some Jules Verne books but what I liked to read the most were the Zipi and Zape
comics. I have kept my old comics until today because they bring back many warm
memories of those years.
One day, my father announced great news to us: he had met a woman and they were
going to get married! Three months after the wedding, my father, my brother and I
moved to Plasencia, where my stepmother's family lived . My years in Palencia were
very happy, but I have never been able to forget my small town near Mérida, nor the
generosity and affection of my aunt.
speech markers
Question 1
1 Addition: in addition, but also
2 Causality: because, therefore
3 Consequence: therefore, then
4 Justification: since, since
5 Opposition: while, however
6 Temporality: when, after
Question 2
Everyone knows gazpacho, this cold soup made with tomato, pepper and cucumber.
On the other hand , few people outside of Spain have tried salmorejo from Cordoba.
Let's see how it is prepared.
First , clean the tomatoes well and cut them into quarters. Put them in a large bowl
and blend them with the blender until you have a liquid sauce.
Pass this sauce through a strainer to remove any pieces of skin and small seeds.
Then , cut the bread into small pieces and add them to the tomato sauce. Let it sit for
a few minutes so the bread softens and is easier to whip.
After that time, add the peeled garlic (remove the center so it doesn't repeat), extra
virgin olive oil and salt. Pass everything through the blender until
Make it as fine as possible. Leave the salmorejo in the refrigerator for a couple of
hours to cool.
Finally , serve in deep plates and add the garnish: a little Serrano or Iberian ham and
a chopped hard-boiled egg. You can also add a splash of sherry vinegar.
Question 3
In fact: Indeed
Nevertheless
That's why: So
Even though: Although
until: even
also: also
so: so
What's more: In fact
7A The festival of the patios of Córdoba
Question 1
1 For the person telling the experience, the patio party is a spectacular event.
2 This year the festival will be celebrated in the first two weeks of May.
3 The festival of the patios of Córdoba is a festival declared a World Heritage
Site.
Question 2
In Córdoba, the type of house is different because its climate is mainly dry and hot.
The typical house is centered around an interior patio, usually with a fountain in the
center, and also often a well that collected rainwater .
The Muslims made changes in the design to allow entry to the house from the street,
and began to use plants and flowers to make the feeling of freshness more intense .
Question 3
TRUE Fake
In Córdoba we can see many different types of patios. x
There are mainly two types of patios. x

One of the types of patios is the patio shared by a neighboring
x
house.
In these homes there are up to three floors in each house. x

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One of the most important areas to admire these patios is the

x
Alcázar Viejo.
The courtyard of the Viana Palace, which offers fifteen
x
different patios.
During these days a craft festival is celebrated. x

Music also has an appointment in this celebration with
x
performances by artists.
7B Hispanics in the United States

Question 1
1 Hispanics are the minority with the largest population in the United States.
2 As immigrant groups they reach more than 55 million inhabitants in the United
States.
Question 2
The Latino population is the largest minority in the United States. It is important for
the economy and can also influence the outcome of an election . Hispanics in the
United States have a strong presence in the country's gastronomy and agriculture .
They are also in charge of more than a million small and medium-sized businesses;
They hold important positions in music and have Spanish-speaking media . Hispanics
are concentrated in the southwest area of the country. Since 2009, the number of
Mexicans who have returned to Mexico is higher than the number of Mexicans who
have entered the United States, sometimes to return to family .
Question 3
…they want to participate in political life…
…great presence in the service sector…
…important positions in the music sector…
…they also strengthen ties…
…they are concentrated in the southwestern part of the country…
…renamed “Mexifornia''…
…wanting to be with the family again…
7C Immigration in the Hispanic world

Question 1
1 Alberto arrived in Chile when he was eight years old.
2 Alberto's father had family in Chile.
3 Alberto's family bought land and a flock.
Question 2
TRUE Fake
Alberto was born and raised in Chile. x

Alberto's father had horses. x
When the crisis arrived, Luis and Luisa decided to work on
x
their own.
Alberto's family made a living by farming, making bread, and

x
raising cows and sheep.
Luis sold what was left over to a factory. x
Alberto studied Anthropology at the University. x
Question 3
a Alberto's family moved to another town.
b His father built the house where Alberto still lives.
c His father's farm is one of the most beautiful in the province.
d Alberto has a strong connection with the land.
e Alberto studied Geology at the University.
TRANSCRIPTS
Hispanics in the United States

With 17% of the population, more than 55 million people, Hispanics are the largest
minority in the United States. There is no other group of immigrants that is so
abundant and has a similar cultural, religious and linguistic identity. In addition, they
want to participate in political life and seek to achieve greater representation in
American society. The Latino population becomes a very important demographic
during elections.
With an estimated purchasing power of $1.5 trillion a year, Hispanics are very
7
EXPERIENCES
important to the US economy. They have a large presence in the service sector
(especially in gastronomy) and in agriculture. In addition, today they lead 1.2 million
small and medium-sized businesses, occupy important positions in the music sector
and have their own Spanish-speaking media such as the Nuevo Herald newspaper or
the Univisión television channel. These companies not only employ Spanish speakers
but also reinforce the ties that immigrants usually maintain with their countries of
origin.
An example worth noting is Mexico since the Mexican population represents 14% of
the total population of the United States. Geographically, Hispanics are concentrated
in the southwest area of the country. Today there are as many Mexicans in this area as
in California, where they make up almost half of the population and which has been
renamed "Mexifornia." Another interesting fact is, however, that since 2009 the
number of Mexicans who have returned to Mexico is higher than the number of
Mexicans who have gone to the United States. One of the reasons for this change is
wanting to be with family again.
Immigration in the Hispanic world

My name is Alberto and when I was eight years old I arrived in Chile with my father.
Like many other immigrants, my father decided to leave Spain in search of a better
life and that is why we went to an area near the Andes, a few hours from Santiago
where some relatives lived. With the money my father had saved in Spain, he bought
a small piece of land with a hundred sheep and built a wooden house to live in. Not
far away lived an indigenous community. We stayed in that area for about five years
and there my father met Luisa, who would be his second wife. The climate was very
harsh, the winters were harsh and the summers windy. Luisa and my father had two
children: my stepbrothers.
Transcripts
Then the crisis came, and when they couldn't find work, my father and Luisa decided
to work on their own. So my father took the family to Luisa's parents' house in his
truck and we settled in a shed for a year. There, they made a living by farming,
making bread, raising dairy cows and sheep. They produced what was necessary to
survive and feed all of us. What was left over, my father took to the market and sold
it. Little by little they saved money until they were able to rent land to a landowner in
an area where there were several Spanish countrymen.
As the situation improved and after staying there for a few years, we decided to move
to another nearby town where there were better prospects. There my father built the
house where I still live with my wife and our children. Over time, my father was able
to increase the business, until he had one of the most beautiful farms in the province. I
think it was my childhood in the countryside and the strong connection with the land
that greatly influenced my decision to study Geology at university.
The Festival of the Courtyards of Córdoba

Today I want to talk to you about one of the most spectacular celebrations that I have
seen in my city and that I always remember with great affection. This is the Festival
of the patios of Córdoba. This year it will be celebrated from May 1 to 13.
Many of you will wonder what Patios are. Well, it is a popular festival, today declared
a World Heritage Site by the UN, which tries to celebrate the way that many houses
in Córdoba have of decorating their patios with colorful pots and plants.
In Córdoba, given that its climate is predominantly dry and hot and since historical
times dating back, first to the Romans and then to the Muslims, the house was
adapted to the needs of that climate so that the heat did not affect the inhabitants.
Thus, the typical house that was built was centered around an interior patio, usually
with a fountain in the center and also, on many occasions, a well that collected
rainwater. With the arrival of the Muslims, this design was changed to allow entry to
the house from the street through a hallway and placing abundant vegetation of plants
and flowers so that the feeling of freshness was more intense.
In these houses we can see two different types of patios. The first is a single-family
house where the rooms and other areas are distributed around it. The floor usually has
cobbled mosaic. The second type is a neighboring house, which shares a common
patio from where the homes are accessed. This type of house usually has two floors
and the floors are also usually paved and there is often a well instead of a fountain.
To see these patios, the most characteristic neighborhood is the Alcázar Viejo area,
but we also find them in the Santa Marina neighborhood. The most beautiful and
notable example is, without a doubt, the courtyard of the Viana Palace, which offers
twelve different courtyards.
Since 1921, the Córdoba City Council has organized the Patios contest during the first
fortnight of May. The owners of the homes decorate them to be eligible for the
prestigious prize offered by the City Council. Also during those fifteen days, a
musical festival is held in which numerous folk groups, singers and dancers come
together.
I invite you to come this year to celebrate with us another festival of the Patios of
Córdoba.
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EXPERIENCES
FASHION AND TECHNOLOGY

before reading
1 Free answer
2 ai Dehydration,
ii Diabetes,
iii Overweight
b Sensors are/are used
c Because the technology already exists and you just have to adapt it.
d The mat can count the number of people walking on it by identifying steps.
The car seat upholstery can detect the driver's posture and sends a message
when that person does not adopt the correct position.
3–4 Free response
After reading
5 Until now clothing was purely aesthetic, today it is intelligent
b The four types of smart clothing mentioned in the text are:
• clothes that lift your spirits
• clothing that maintains body temperature
• stress-relieving clothes
• mosquito repellent clothing
c For women
d Three benefits that these garments have:
• customize clothes
• preserving the environment
• find well-being
e vanilla and jasmine
f Because they repel rain and any liquid, preventing them from being washed
continuously, a process that pollutes rivers
6 a These clothes are designed to live better .
b Laura Mota's professional career began in the area of graphic design .
c A synonym for designer is creator .
d The name that Laura Mota has given to anti-stress clothing is “what peace.”
7 to join (paragraph 2): merge

b garments (paragraph 3): clothing
c tranquility (paragraph 5): serenity
d smell (paragraph 6): aroma
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e face (paragraph 6): face
f spoil (paragraph 6): annoy
8 a iii , b ii , c iii , d ii
9 a False: “ These are not designs with built-in massages ”

b True: “garments with antistatic microcapsules that prevent women from
being charged by the electrostatic energy given off by the mobile phone
or computer, which, in addition to making life easier, manages to put
nerves on edge ”;
“These garments, which I call 'what peace', absorb electrostatic electricity
and help eliminate stress barriers ”
c True: “They are luminescent inks, which champion aesthetics as the only
functionality , it does not make life easier, but it is a lot of fun”
d True: “With the passage of time, the benefits of technology disappear from the
garments, but they are studying being able to recharge it so that they last
longer , even so its virtues can be enjoyed for more than a year.”
10 to with
b too
c so much
d more
and what
f for
g but h of
The following words are unnecessary: when, already, in.
1–6 Free response
Language
By and for
1 by 6 by
2 for 7 for
3 by 8 by
4 by 9 by
5 for 10 By
8 HUMAN
INGENUITY
THE RISE OF THE ROBOTS

before reading
1–3 Free response
After reading
4 toAccording to and that
b further F in
c further g to
d that h between
The following words are unnecessary: then, so, when, now
5 Verb Noun Adjective
investigate researchers
ability able
zoom in close
build built
accompany companions
equate comparable
differentiate differences
possess possession
6 a • “(more) constant”
• "(closest"
b “automaton”
c • exhibitions
• T.V. series
d • at home
• on the farms
• in the factories
and • dangerous
• stressful
• unhealthy
In the phrase ... the word ... refers to …

they the robots
a Then our relationship with them will be…
(paragraph 1)
the
b … and those that do not possess them …
(paragraph 2) These machines
c …let's not use them as replacement parts… the
cameras (that
(paragraph 7)
see better than
the eye)
Solutions
• a peculiarity: characteristic
b collect: harvest
c solve: solve
d originate: appear
e harmful: dangerous/unhealthy
f delete: delete
g of work: labor
• a True: “we can have them at home to help us with cleaning tasks or even with
the education of our children .” b False: “But not all robots will be this big . In
fact, it is possible that the greatest help will come from their smaller brothers, those
that will be built thanks to the advances of nanotechnology.”
c True: “These small devices, with micrometric sizes, will even be able to enter
our body and perform 'repairs' on our arteries, veins and internal organs. Do
you have a clogged artery due to cholesterol? "You won't need surgery,
just a nanorobot that moves inside and removes the obstruction ."
d False: “ The famous turning point finally seems to be around the corner .”
e False: “ The only thing left to do is determine its exact moment, and the
consequences it will cause both for the lucky ones who are within it, and for
those who are left out of the new technological gap.”
• 0 a iii , bi , c ii
1–7 Free response
Language
The imperfect future

The verbs in the future imperfect tense of the text are:
will occur (occur)
will be (be)
be to be)
they will stop (stop + infinitive)
they will help (help) we will build (build) they will count on (count on)
will become (become) will (do)
will have (have) will change
(change) we will be able to
(can) will avoid (avoid)
will be built (be built) you will
need (need) will be able to (be
able)
will cause (cause)
8 HUMAN
INGENUITY
Language
Word formation: prefixes
1 legal ➔ illegal 12 trust ➔ distrust

2 social ➔ asocial, antisocial 13 judgment ➔ distrust
3 grandson ➔ great-grandson 14 see ➔ foresee
4 paid ➔ prepaid, unpaid 15 fair ➔ unfair
5 rational ➔ irrational 16 history ➔ prehistory
6 connect ➔ disconnect 17 necessary ➔ unnecessary
7 possible ➔ impossible 18 set ➔ preset, reset
8 do ➔ undo, redo 19 control ➔ lack of control
9 active ➔ reactive 20 send ➔ forward
10 complete ➔ incomplete
11 monthly ➔ bimonthly
SECURE BROWSING
before reading
1
Positive Negative Positive or negative
Audience Collaboration Abuse Harass
Share Communication Dependency Hook Up
Knowledge Cooperation Hyperconnected
Development Interact Impunity Fake News
Research Moderation Piracy Rumors
Neutrality Privacy Vulnerable Anonymity Algorithm Block
Data Connection Broadcast
Disclose Double check
Loyalty Strategy
Filter
Photos
Immediate Influential Hashtag
Direct Messaging Presence
Virtual Reality User
Videos
(Note: Other answers are possible)

2–4 Free response
After reading
5 The NGO Digital Rights
Solutions
6 b give advice for using the Internet safely and responsibly

7 a True: “ Everything you do, write or post online, such as data, information,
ideas, photographs can be made available to others. Even if you delete
them .”
b False: “Make up one that is difficult to guess, but easy to remember. Do not
use your name or your date of birth .”
c True: “ Make sure to regularly search your name on the Internet , you
never know who may be using your information with bad intentions.”
d True: “ You are responsible for what you post .” Be careful what you say on
forums and social networks.”
In the phrase ... the word ... refers to ...
a Invent a … (tip 2) a a password
his
photos of you or
b Once on the Internet its diffusion… (tip 3) others
they
c … as well as who can access them . (tip 9) social networks

d You can have one … (tip 10) one
e-mail
(or email
address)
9 to publish (tip 1): post

b use (tip 2): use
c regret (tip 3): regret
d take responsibility (tip 4): worry about
1–9 Free response

passwords
10 a.m. keep h online, connected
b flat rate Yo inbox attachments
c compress j deleted
d spam k
and at sign l
F download(se), download(se)
g memory sticks
THE WORLD WITHIN REACH

ONE CLICK
before reading
1 Free answer
After reading
2 a It is at Jakarta airport
b They are using different types of technology: phone, iPad, console
8 HUMAN
INGENUITY
c They are going to miss the opportunity to hook up with someone, to talk to
someone or to meet someone
d feel nostalgic
3 d The Internet has isolated us, although it seems that it has connected us.
4 a True: “ I have also created the social profile that I want others to see .” I
have put my best photo on Facebook and Twitter, knowing that most days I
look much worse.”
b False: “ I post the phrases that I think are most ingenious, not the
nonsense that occurs to me (although sometimes I confuse both).”
c True: “I have hundreds of friends who seem to like what I do, perhaps because
they no longer have to make the effort to tell me. Just one click .”
5 to great d showcase
b browse and virtual
c exaggerates
1–7 Free response

8 a In the first vignette, the family is sitting around the table at dinner time but they
are not talking because everyone except the parents is watching television.
The second vignette reproduces the situation of the first vignette but instead
of watching television, everyone except the father is using a cell phone or
tablet to chat with friends on the phone (the daughter), listen to music (the
eldest son), chat or play games (the youngest son), read a book or the news
(the wife).
b The similarity is the lack of communication and the fact that the screens are
responsible for the situation
The difference is that these are individual screens and that family members
have their backs to each other.
c–e Free response
f The tone of the sentence that appears at the bottom of the vignette is quite
pessimistic. It refers to the fact that families no longer share anything less
than what is obligatory. They make no effort to communicate and they no
longer know anything about each other.
9 Free answer
Types of texts
A Survey
1 a This is a survey to diagnose a problem and find solutions
b Uses multiple choice questions (1–8), open-ended questions (10), and rating
scales (9)
2 Most responses to : “ Do you use the Internet as a work tool or to do some
type of management …”
Most of responses b : “ You spend too much time on the Internet …” Most of
Solutions
responses c : “ You are hooked on the Internet, you use it for everything: the
Internet is your fun, your work, your distraction, your companion …”
3 Free answer
B Blog
1 • a title that summarizes the content: “Atari presents a millennial product: A cap
with speakers”
• the date and the name of the author: The author's name is Raúl Estrada.
There is no date.
• photos related to the topic discussed: In the photo you can see the cap that
the blog entry is about, that is, the cap with speakers from the Atari company
• a generally informal and familiar tone: “get back on the mat”, “basically”,
“be happy enjoying tunes”, “little hat”, “by the way”, etc.
• the story of an experience and/or the author's opinion: “I would like to have
one, but I don't know if I would like to have one.”
• links to external pages: none
8 HUMAN
INGENUITY
Article Blog Both
a Includes the date. x
b A variety of tenses are used. x
c Tell experiences and opinions. x
d Include the author's name. x

e It can be formal or informal. x
f Includes a greeting and a farewell. x
g May include photos. x
h It is persuasive in nature. x
i It is informative in nature. x
j Contains links to external pages. x
3 Free response

Technology and its applications
Literature
Text 1
“ROBOT MASA”, SEBASTIÁN

SZABO
1 To the few remaining human beings, those who are made of flesh and blood
2 300 years after the Rectorate approved robotization
3 a neutral liquid
4 The three correct sentences are:
a (“The pressure from the media, from society, from the Rectorate of the planet,
for us to become robotic is terrible. They don't leave us alone. They stone us
in the street. They arrest us for subversives. “They condemn us for the sole
fact of not wanting to change.” a few of us who do not robotize. They look at
us strangely, they ridicule us.”)
e (“Old conventilleras who did not lose their 'capacity for gossip and hate',
despite their operation.”)
f (“No one can be a leader if they are not robots. The leaders, the artists… they
are all robots.”)
Because he and his girlfriend swore that they would not change, that they would
be human, made of flesh and blood, until death.
Solutions
Humans Robots
They are a minority They are the majority

They are flesh and blood
They are metal
They have brain, heart and blood
They retain the brain and heart, but they
do not have blood. They have a
They cannot be leaders neutral liquid
There are men and women They are the leaders: leaders, artists...
There is no physical distinction between
men and women
1–4 Free response
To write
1–3 Free response
Literature
Text 2
“THE INTRUSE”, PEDRO

ORGAMBIDE
1 Free answer
2 It seems that we are talking about a woman. These two expressions suggest that
the narrator is referring to a woman: “She was to blame,” “the day she arrived.”
Storyteller the protagonist

Characters the protagonist, the judge, the manager, the “intruder” (i.e.
the computer)
Scenery the court

Actions
The narrator has been fired and then sued for destroying
a computer
Consequences
The protagonist's career is ruined, he may have to
compensate his former company
4 to a computer
They call it that because it was something new in the office that came to
disturb the peace.
b In the last line: “I got lost because of a foreigner, because of a miserable
8 HUMAN
INGENUITY
computer, because of a piece of tin, so to speak.”

c Health consequences: He begins to lose his appetite, his hair falls out, he
dreams about her
Labor consequences: They fire him
d You feel frustrated, angry, furious
e Because he considers that it ruined his career and his life
5 • “no one complained about my behavior. I can say it with my head up."
• “I was the first to arrive at the office and the last to leave.”
• “My desk was the cleanest of all.”
• “I never forgot to cover the calculating machine, for example, or to iron the
carbon paper with my own hands.”
• “Last year, without going too far, I received a medal from the same
manager.”
6 Free answer
To reflect and discuss
1–7 Free response
To write
1–4 Free response

Solutions
GRAMMAR
The prepositions 'for' and 'for'
Question 1
a Indicate means of communication: 3
b Express a period of time: 6 and 9
c Indicate a date: 5
d Indicate means of transport: 2
e Indicate destination: 1
f Express reason or purpose: 4 and 10
g Express exchange: 7
h Indicate place: 8
Question 2
For: for now, by chance, because of, for example, please, finally, apparently
For: it is not a big deal, to summarize, forever, for a change, to be such and such
Question 3
By the end of the 21st century, I believe that we will all have robots to help us in the
different tasks of our daily lives. I think we will use robots to do housework, go
shopping and even to go to work, we will no longer have to drive. Many times due to
lack of time we do not dedicate ourselves to the activities we like. Will robots allow
us to have more leisure time? Everything remains to be seen.
What do you think robots will be used for in the future? That's a good question that's
on many people's minds. Expertly designed robots will make our lives easier, but
they can also “steal” our jobs. Do you think we should be grateful for their help? We
need to reflect on what type of society we want in order to develop machines that
serve to improve our lives and not the opposite.
8 HUMAN
INGENUITY
The imperfect future

Question 1
(you) har ás ➔ do
(you) will have ➔ have
(we) know we ➔ know
(I) will have ➔ have
(you) will come out ➔ go out
(he) will come ➔ come
(I) dir é ➔ say
(she) valdr á ➔ valer
(they) cabr án ➔ caber
(we) will put ➔ put
(you) can ➔ power
(they) will want ➔ want
Question 2
In the future, the world's population will continue to grow, so houses will be
smaller and there will be more apartments to accommodate everyone. Families will
also be smaller, no more than three or four people, so they won't need as much
space as they do now.
An apartment will not measure more than 50 square meters. A house will consist
of a space where the kitchen, dining room and living room will be united, with a
bathroom and two modular bedrooms. The rooms will also serve as offices since
many people will not go to the office but will work from home. Some families will
live in communal housing. They will have their own room with a private bathroom
but will share a kitchen, dining room and living room.
Architects will think about the environment, that is why they will design new
houses with elements that will help protect it. The houses will also have many
technological elements that will make our lives easier and more comfortable.
Do you think you will like the house of the future?
Question 3
1 Where would I have put the keys? I can't find them.
2 When I finish cleaning, I'll go see Gloria.
3 At university, you will make many new friends.
4 When they become independent, they will learn to manage their budgets.
5 If you work hard, after you graduate you will be offered a good job.
6 When you least expect it, you will find happiness.
7 Pablo and Miriam should have arrived by now... where are they ?
8 You will finish your homework before going to Marta's house.
8A Social networks: benefits and dangers
Question 1
1 Excessive use of social networks results in bad grades.
2 What did Sabrina notice last week? That someone had stolen money from his
account.
3 What danger do social networks present according to Francisco? Not everyone tells
the truth.
Question 2
Francisco Sabrina
x
I've read that some people spend too much time online.
I think social media is very good. x

I would be lost if I didn't have Facebook. x
I think the hacker problem is very serious. x

I think network security can be increased by using proper
x
passwords.
Question 3
…many teens are spending too much time online.
…that is why they are not getting good grades in their studies.
…hackers are stealing personal details to access bank accounts.
…it is essential to change the password often.
…when we use social networks we have to be very careful
8 HUMAN
INGENUITY
8B How Spaniards listen to music

Question 1
53.9% of the music listened to in Spain is in digital format.
Sales of music on CD and vinyl deflated by 4.9%.
Streaming is expected to end the piracy problem.
The good thing about streaming is that there is a wide variety of music available.
Question 2
Piracy is responsible for the decline in sales in physical format.
The authorities are campaigning to end piracy.
With streaming we have access to a very wide variety of music.
Question 3
…the way in which Spaniards buy more music…
…accumulated sales rise to 70.6 million euros…
… streaming is expected to end this problem…
…hopes it can help solve the situation in Spain…
… Rockola is an online radio …
8C What mobile phone is appropriate for my

child?
Question 1
Adela is looking for a cell phone for her son Miguel because it is his birthday.
Adela's son is going to turn eleven years old.
Jorge believes that many parents do not teach their children how to use their cell
phones.
Adela feels calm knowing what her son is doing when he is away.
Question 2
Adela Jorge
x
I know of an initiative that promotes the safe use of technologies.
Many eleven-year-old children already have cell phones. x
Parents should teach their children to use cell phones. x

I want my son to have a cell phone so he can call in case of
x
emergency.
In the end, I'm not going to buy a cell phone today. x
TRANSCRIPTS
Streaming in Spain
The digital format is for the first time in history the way in which Spaniards buy more
music, due to the rise of streaming . 53.9% of all the music listened to in Spain is
digital. So far this year, accumulated sales have risen to 70.6 million euros while sales
of physical media such as CDs and vinyl, for example, have deflated by 4.9 percent,
going from 33.2 to 31.6 million euros in the last decade.
One of the reasons why the physical format has declined is piracy. It is expected that
streaming will put an end to this problem since today in Spain, anyone can access any
catalog thanks to online services that allow downloading and listening to offline
content at a fixed price.
Also the Spanish tenor Plácido Domingo, thanks to his prestige, was recently chosen
by the Government as the spokesperson for the fight against piracy. It is hoped that it
can help solve the situation in Spain, which is considered one of the most serious in
Europe.
The good thing about streaming is that there is a wide variety of music available. For
lovers of Spanish music, Rockola is an online radio that stands out for its extensive
catalog of music in Spanish from all decades, such as the 80s and 90s of the last
century.
Social networks: benefits and dangers

Sabrina: Francisco, what are you doing?
Francisco: I'm reading an article about social networks. It's worth reading. He says
that these days, many teens are spending too much time online instead of meeting
their friends face-to-face. He adds that they are generally spending about three hours
a day and that is why they are not getting good grades in their studies. They are
chatting a lot and wasting time.
Sabrina: Well, I'm against it. It is true that I use social networks from time to time
because I am writing a blog and I like to find out the comments of those who read
what I write. Also, I think social media is wonderful because I can chat with friends I
made on vacation last year and now I don't see them as much. The truth is that I
wouldn't survive without Facebook.
Francisco: Yes, I understand what you are saying, Sabrina, but the article is talking
about other problems that social networks bring. For example, hackers are stealing
personal details to access bank accounts and that is very serious.
Transcripts
Sabrina: It's true. Last week I noticed that someone had stolen money from my account. The problem is that people don't use
proper passwords, so I've had to change mine. I would recommend one that is very difficult to hack, so they couldn't access
personal information. What would you do if your identity was stolen?
Francisco: I don't know what I would do. I agree with you that it is essential to change the password often, so I am changing it at
the moment. However, another drawback is that there are many people who lie on social media. For example, a friend of mine
used to talk to a guy she thought was her age and it turned out he was much older. It could have been very dangerous.
Sabrina: Yes it's true. What matters is that when we use social networks we have to be very careful. Parents do a lot to protect
their children but there is still much to do. Sometimes I think that life would be much easier without technology.
Smart phones
Jorge: Hello Adela! How long has it been since we saw each other? What are you doing?
Adela: Hello Jorge, how are you? I am looking for a cell phone for my son Miguel because it is his birthday the day after
tomorrow and he wants a cell phone. But there are so many that I don't know which one to buy.
Jorge: How old is your son?
Adela: She is going to be eleven years old.
Jorge: Don't you think he's a little young to have a cell phone?
Adela: Maybe, but all his friends have one and I think it's time for him to have one too. I read in an article that 30% of ten-year-
old Spanish kids have a telephone and it doesn't have to be a bad thing, as long as the parents teach the child how to use it. For me,
it's more in case he has to call me in an emergency. It would give me more peace of mind to know where he is and what he is
doing when he is away.
Jorge: Yes, I understand it, but many parents do not teach their children how to use their cell phones. They have to dedicate time
and establish a system so that the child learns to use this technology correctly. In my opinion, you can't give them an open bar
because that's how problems arise.
Adela: You're right, but what do I tell him? I don't have any experience about these things.
Jorge: There is a project called Friendly Screens that gives suggestions on how to use new technologies in a safe and healthy way.
Adela: Thanks Jorge, when I get home I'm going to go to your website to see what they say. Anyway, I still don't know which
phone to buy and the store closes in an hour.
Solutions
1 a Free response. Possible answers:

Objects and places People Actions Concepts
Education head of studies , learn , study, teach, learning , education,
director, teacher, teacher play, do your homework, homework, subjects,
of..., teacher, janitor, pass, fail, work as a subjects, notes,
Objects: janitor, cleaner, student, team, chat, skip teaching, classes...,
blackboard , screen, projector, student, delegate, class/play hooky/“cheat” pedagogy, approaches,
pencils, pens, markers, student representative, class, compete, debate, methodology, didactics,
notebook, folder, file cabinet, faculty , parents cheat, review, etc. exam, test, activities,
computer, laptop, textbook, association, etc. exhibition, school
chair, table, backpack, etc. transportation, etc.
Places:
classroom , assembly hall,
meeting/teacher room, patio,
gym, athletics tracks, soccer
field, cafeteria, dining room,
canteen, library, stage, etc.
Law lawyer, prosecutor, sentence , accuse, sue, justice , innocence, guilt,
magistrate judge, police, judge, appeal, testify, blame, lawsuit,
accused, criminal, swear, promise, fine, accusation, crime,
Objects:
delinquent, thief, acquit, etc. sentence, appeal, alibi,
penal code , constitution, gavel,
witness, jury, etc. bail, fine, rehabilitation,
toga, wig, seats, bench, etc.
etc.
Places:
court , office, jail, police station,
court, waiting room, etc.
Labor sphere employee, director, collaborate , work, schedule , working day,
manager, secretary, direct, manage, send, working part-time/full-
administrative, manufacture, time, part-time/full-time,
receptionist, janitor, manufacture, import, negotiation, deal, sale,
Objects:
cleaner, worker, team, export, negotiate, take purchase, performance,
computer , laptop, pencils, pens,
advisor, etc. initiatives, improve, etc.
markers, notebook, folder, file
order, etc.
cabinet, agenda, printer,
photocopier, etc.
Places:
office , reception, meeting room,
human
resources/accounting/administrat
ion department, factory,
company, company, firm, store,
warehouse, etc.
b–c Free response
13
Solutions
Education Law Labor sphere

• primary education • minimum salary
• baccalaureate • strike
• school day
• censorship • hire
• review
• human rights
• mixed education • part-time/full-time
• dictatorship
• the teachers • practices
• lack of freedoms
• public education
• democracy • boss
• private school
• crime • oppositions
• playtime
• meet the standards
• subjects • dismiss
• be impartial
• commit a crime • salary
• fiscal
• to accuse
• recidivism
EDUCATION AND SPORTS

before reading
1 • marginalization ≠ integration
• discipline ≠ disorganization
• relaxation ≠ stress
• virtues ≠ defects
• self-esteem ≠ insecurity
The following words have no opposite: coexistence, brain, values
Noun Verb or phrase Adjective Adverb/ Adverbial phrase

self-esteem dear with high self-esteem low/high
self-esteem
estimate
have low/high self-esteem
marginalization
marginalize marginally
be marginalized marginalized in a marginalized situation
discipline discipline have discipline disciplined
disciplinedly in a disciplined way

with discipline
virtue virtuous
have virtues by virtue of virtuously
have the virtue of
relaxation chill out
relaxed relaxing with relaxation relaxed
disorganization disrupt disorganized in a disorganized manner

disorganized
coexistence live together convivial in coexistence

9 SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
integration integrate) with integral integration

be integrated
integrated integral integrator

stress
stress stressed in a stressed way with stress
be stressed
unsafety insecure
act insecurely / insecurely insecurely insecurely

defects defective defectively
have defects be defective

brain brainwash someone use the in a cerebral way
brainless brain
brain
values appreciate with values
valued evaluator
to virtue, defect
b disciplined
c live together
d values
3–5 Free response
6 1 Stimulates social integration
2 Improves coexistence
3 Form in values and virtues
4 It reduces stress
5 Stimulates the brain
6 Raise self-esteem
7 Increase discipline
After reading
7 Free answer
8 • It is an informative article.
• It has a title, sections with their respective titles, a photograph related to the topic of the article and quotes.
• It's formal.
• The objective of the text is to inform about the advantages of combining sport and education, and to explain what those
advantages are.
9 a In the large image you can see two children who look like they come from an indigenous ethnic group. They are barefoot,
which suggests that their family does not have much money. They're on some kind of basketball court, but it's not very
professional. You can see mountains, the field in the background. It's a sunny day.
In the other image the child is serious or thoughtful. He seems to be concentrating on

something. There is a basketball hoop, but it looks like there is no other team's hoop.
b They represent playing outdoors, life in the countryside, difficult living conditions, poverty,
sport and its benefits, etc.
c The protagonists are children, it is not clear if they are just children or boys and girls. They
can be students, future athletes, poor children, the inhabitants of an isolated town, etc.
10 to basketball
Solutions
b towns
c marginalization
d basketball
and championships
f we discover
g indigenous
h train
i requirement
j schools
11 • It is an informative review.
• It has a title, images, a text divided into paragraphs, a date and information about the
documentary screening.
• The objective of the text is to inform viewers/readers what this documentary is about to
awaken their interest and make them go see it at the cinema.
12 a challenge: challenge
b model: example to follow
c that does not generate profits: non-profit
d main place: headquarters
13 Free answer
14 1 h , 2 e , 3 c , 4 a , 5 i , 6 j , 7 b , 8 g , 9 f , 10 d
a We two already had professional ties. (paragraph 1) They had worked together before. / They
had previous professional connections.
b There was a story there. (paragraph 1)
It was a story that deserved to be told and it was interesting.
c We wrap the blanket around our heads. (paragraph 2)
We took a risk and decided to go without thinking much.
d The community is very closed. (paragraph 3)
They don't like strangers. They do not interact with people from outside.
and without diffusion it has nothing (paragraph 3)
The more people know about the project, the more help they can receive and the more the
children will benefit.
f we went hand in hand with the one who has the key (paragraph 3)
The person who was in charge of the project accompanied us, that's why we were able to be well received in the
community and make the documentary.
g almost everything in this project everything went smoothly (paragraph 3) One thing led to another without problems and
thus we were able to complete the project.
h your relationship with the camera has nothing to do with ours (paragraph 4)
We are more used to cameras, so we behave unnaturally because we know what it means to appear on screen, but they
are not so aware of that.
i For us it is a duty. (paragraph 5)
It is necessary for Triqui children to watch the documentary and see how they have been portrayed.
9 SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
j serves to raise the morale of a very depressed society (paragraph 6)

It is helpful to make them feel better about themselves since they live in bad conditions.
k is a leverage effect (paragraph 7)
The project helps them see that there are other possibilities in life, and encourages them to study, etc.
l Mothers already see it well that their daughters study (paragraph 8)
Before, mothers did not want their daughters to study, but now they have realized the importance of that.
m are very well regarded as a workforce (paragraph 9) They are very good workers.
n they leave them forgotten (paragraph 9)
Parents go to work and leave women and children unattended.
16 Free answer
17 7 Free response
WORK AND MENTAL LOAD

before reading
1 Dead ends (in the figurative sense), feminism, well-being, work, time, lack of personal life, working hours, salary, lack of
communication, enjoying life, current society, hierarchy

Family balance is the concept that there should be a balance between the time you
spend working and the time you spend with your family, friends, etc. In some
countries, such as Spain, the work schedules in some professions prevent a good
quality of life, leaving little free time to dedicate to personal needs. It may also
happen that companies do not have conciliation policies, for example, that they do
not grant very long maternity and/or paternity leaves or flexible schedules to workers
who have babies. Another aspect that does not facilitate work-life balance are the
schedules of public services, long lunch breaks (for example, in Spain they can even
be two hours, which means leaving work later), etc.
After reading
3 a very good: phenomenal
b work day: day
c normal: the usual tone
d difficult to remove: ingrained
In the phrase … words) … They refer to …

a and that depends solely on your that enjoy your free
work schedule. time
mine your work
b Mine is pretty good: nine o'clock schedule
work…
Solutions
c I think there is still a lot to do there . there
Work should be
more adapted to
the needs of
workers.
5 to Fortunately
b Thanks to that
c For example
6 to Flavia Mateo F Francisco Garcia

b Beatriz Carbajal g Estela Bartol
c Francisco Garcia h Flavia Mateo
Y Beatriz Carbajal
d Diego Arias
o
a Javier Magaz j Flavia Mateo
nd
7 Free response
1–4 Free response
A JUSTICE TO MEASURE
before reading
1 Free answer. The missing word is actually “pineapple.”
2 1e, 2b, 3d, 4c, 5g, 6h, 7f, 8a
After reading
5 a A minor cut his hair. This was the sentence that the judge imposed on the boy because the boy had stolen from a hair salon.
b The seven young people did the Camino de Santiago to complete their rehabilitation.
c The young “hacker” had to teach computer science classes.
d One of the young people who appeared before the judge had burned trash cans, so Emilio Calatayud forced him to work
with firefighters
e The young man had driven a moped without insurance and had to narrate his crime in comic form.
f Emilio Calatayud found out that the young man spoke Arabic and forced him to get a degree to work as an interpreter in
courts and police stations.
g He and Emilio Calatayud met by chance and were talking about the young man's bad life. The judge recommended a detox
center. Years later, they met again in the cafeteria where the young man worked and he thanked the judge for saving his
life.
h Free response
9 SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
1–4 Free response

Solutions
INNOVATIVE TEACHING
before reading
dress • Cut in pieces • to stew
roast • spin around • peel
shake • bread • coat
cook • drain • sauté
Spice up • braise • cut up
After reading
2 a of the a by
b to nd F of
c in g by
d by h in
- *** YO * ••• ■ • •
3 a iii , bi , c iii , di , ei 4–5 Free response
1–3 Free response
Types of texts
A Letter to the editor
1 a ii ; bi ; ci ; gave ; ei , iv , v , vi , vii
2 The following formal elements appear in the letter to the director:

• Title: “Homework, the silent punishment”
• Date: October 2
• Author and place of origin: Rocío García Vijande, Villar (Luarca)
• Image: photo of a girl doing homework
• Introduction/context: “I am 20 years old, I am finishing my teaching degree, I
have been in the educational system for 18 years and I still do not understand the
purpose of homework.”
3 a Deals with the purpose of duties. The author considers them unnecessary.
“Wouldn't it be easier to go to the yard when it's a nice day, learn from nature,
create activities in which they are standing, interacting with each other, playing,
having a good time, etc. because then they would be learning much better and
much faster by involving emotions in their learning.
And second, do you really not have time in class to do exercises and study? So
they should go to class less, because they are wasting their time.”
b At the end of the letter, the author suggests that homework should consist of spending more time enjoying what you like:
“spend time with your family, pick up a book you like and read it, do sports, play with your friends.” , helps with cooking
and a long etcetera through which, without a doubt, they would learn much more and not only to pass an exam, but for
their entire life.”
4 • In the letter, the author shows an angry tone.
• The author uses many rhetorical questions in her letter. On some occasions he also resorts to irony or sarcasm, for example:
“thirty-minute rest so they can cool off,” “lest they fall into temptation…”. Likewise, he uses typical arguments of
9 SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
defenders of homework, such as “It is so that they review”, “so that they do not forget how to do it”, “so that they do not
get bored”, “it is what they have to do” .
5–6 Free response
B Statistical reports
1–2 Free response

Literature
Free answer. Possible answers:
The phrase a refers to A Teacher's Story
Phrase b refers to the poem “I don't want.”
Phrase c refers to The Sleeping Voice
The phrase d refers to the poem “I don't want.”
Text 1
fragment of Story of a teacher , Josefina Rodríguez de Aldecoa
1 Free response. Possible topics related to the 1920s in Spain:
• the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
• the Second Republic
• the female vote
• the repression
• political conflicts
• the power of the church, etc.

a Phrases or words that help understand what kind of person the priest is and how he
believes children should be educated:
• “The children were at recess and ran to kiss his hand.” (lines 3–5)
• “And his body filled the entire threshold.” (lines 14–15)
• “—And what is that for, my daughter? —he asked interested.” (lines 18–19)
• “He extended his hand to me, raised, bringing it close for me to kiss” (line
20)
• “the visitor's inquisitive tone” (line 25)
• “—You bring many modernities to this town,” said the Priest, shaking his
head. But he immediately changed his attitude and became friendly, almost
smarmy —” (lines 27–28)
• “And the tone had become sly and suspicious.” (line 34)
• “[The priest and the mayor eat] and they manage everything together,” he
continued. They ordered that you not stay at Don Wenceslao's house…”
Solutions
(lines 40–42)
b Phrases or words that help understand what the protagonist is like and what type of
education she defends:
• “I had approached him and he extended his hand to me, raised, bringing it
close for me to kiss. I caught her in the air and squeezed her with a forced
movement.” (lines 19–21)
• “I was a little undecided” (line 25)
• “—I'm going to do theater with the children. Theater and songs. Let's act out
a story…” (line 26)
• “I smiled politely.” (line 31)
• “—I find them bad in almost everything,” I said evasively. (line 33)
• “Everything I am, or at least what I was then, I owe to my father.” (lines 45–
46)
c Phrases or words that help understand the influence of the protagonist's father:
• “My father had a very clear head and had raised me freely, but also with
prudence.” (lines 43–44)
• “He left my education in the hands of my father, whom I admired without
reservation. I owe everything that I am, or at least what I was then, to my
father. He was a modest railway official who spent his days behind a desk,
drawing with his perfect handwriting relations of goods, train schedules,
reference dates. And when he got home he would lock himself up and read.”
(lines 44–49)
• “I value his passion for knowledge, the desire to achieve noble goals that he
projected in me” (lines 50–51)
3 Free answer
9 SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
Text 2
fragment of The Sleeping Voice , Dulce Chacón
1 a Free response. Topics/Events related to the Spanish Civil War and the dictatorship of General Francisco Franco:
coup d'état civil war fascist dictatorship lasted almost 40 Catholicism war against communism
years Francoist repression banned political parties
b The prisoners were members of the republican side, communists, democrats, anarchists, people who had criticized (more or
less openly) the regime, etc.
• quiet: “she never spoke out loud”, “she had already gotten used to speaking in a low voice”
• smiling: “laughter filled her mouth”, “she couldn't stop laughing”
• reflective: “He spent much of the day writing in a blue notebook”
• resigned: “she had learned not to ask questions, to accept that defeat creeps in deep”
• scared: “Hortensia's fear”
3 Free answer
4 Free answer. After answering, you can see that the correct answer is that Hortensia is sentenced to death, they are going to
shoot her.
Text 3
“I don't want to”, Ángela Figuera Aymerich
1 Free answer
2 In the poem there is a double anaphora : at the beginning of each stanza the words “I don't want” are repeated and the word
“that” is also repeated at the beginning of many of the verses. In addition, you can find some epiphoras , that is, words that
repeat two or more consecutive verses such as “parade/parade”, “rifles” (at the end of page 358) and “in secret” (page 359).
Each stanza is a list of things that the author does not want to happen. There are many verses of seven syllables (
heptasyllables ).
148
Solutions
3 The poem deals with the following: general topics. The author does not
• hunger
• fear • lack of freedom
• poverty • bad working conditions
• misery • poor quality of life
• Lack of love
• nationalisms
• war • nations/borders
• control
• dishonesty • censorship
• corruption
• injustices
• fear of living being yourself
4–5 Free response
To write
1–5 Free response
1–4 Free response
GRAMMAR
'But', 'but' and 'if not'
Question 1
1 We should not live to work, but work to live.
2 I would like to spend more time with my family and friends, but it is not easy to reconcile.
3 I don't work during the day, but I have a night shift.
4 No, I work during the day, but sometimes I have a night shift.
5 Some think that the harder you work, the more productive you are, but that is not always the case.
6 Stress does not appear suddenly, but gradually, little by little.
7 Conciliation is not impossible, but companies do not give importance to the issue.
8 What you learn in class is not just for passing an exam, but for the rest of your life.
Question 2
1 I don't work in an office but in a factory.
2 Marta has left because she has a lot of work; If it weren't for that, he would have stayed to talk to you without a problem.
3 He is very intelligent, but he won't be able to pass the course if he doesn't study a little more.
4 It doesn't bother me that they're in the office, it just bothers me that they don't stop talking while they're here, because I can't
concentrate.
5 I know I should do more sports, but I have so much work that I hardly have time to eat.
6 The good thing about playing basketball is that it not only relaxes me but also helps me integrate into my city.
9 SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
7 Reconciling work and family life is difficult, but we must fight for companies to promote work-life balance policies and
flexible schedules.
8 I think laws against employment discrimination should be more effective, but not all governments are in favor.
Question 3
1 When a negative condition exists we use if not .
2 When we want to correct the information mentioned above, we use but .
3 When we want to delimit the information we use but .
4 When two ideas are contrasted, adding information, we use but .
5 When we want to deny the main idea, we use but .
subjunctive or indicative
Question 1
Indicative Subjunctive
I've heard that… x

It's great that… x
We have learned that… x

It's horrible that... x
My sister recognizes that… x

It seems silly to us that... x
It is important that… x
I know that… x
Hopefully ! x
I sense that… x
It seems bad to them that... x

Juan believes that… x
It is logical that… x
It's good that... x
I think that… x
It's incredible that… x
It is clear that… x
It is evident that… x
Solutions
Question 2
1 I believe it is essential that human rights are respected throughout the world.
2 I am convinced that feminism is making the world more fair.
3 I think you are not right when you say that we live in a just society.
4 I don't think we live in a world where everyone has the same opportunities.
5 I don't think it's bad that any worker, regardless of their position or salary, fights for their rights.
6 It seems logical to me that people participate in protest demonstrations, but I don't think it achieves much more than drawing
attention to the problems they are protesting about.
7 I don't think the article about the misses is depressing, or that it shows any type of sexism.
8 I don't think it's good that there are still beauty contests in the world because I think they denigrate women.
9 I think sexism is still prevalent today, even in the most advanced countries.
10 It seems bad to me that people ca n't marry whoever they want in many countries around the world.
Question 3
1 It is clear that it is not possible to work shifts and have a normal family life.
2 My boss believes that it is important for workers to be able to enjoy their free time.
3 It is logical that you do not want to work overtime.
4 You obviously don't want to work overtime.
5 Beatriz believes that reconciling work life with social and family life is still complicated.
6 Flavia, I heard you don't work in the afternoons.
7 I think it's great that you can spend the afternoons with your children.
8 We think it is bad that companies do not want to establish measures to facilitate conciliation.
9A Unemployment among young people
Question 1
1 Yolanda
2 Simon
3 Yolanda
4 Peace
5 Simon
6 Peace
9 SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
7 Yolanda
8 Peace
Question 2
owner = owner
financing = loan
I endured = I endured
I have never given up = I have never thrown in the towel
vegetables = vegetables
win = take home
salary = income
unemployed = without work
I will return = I will return
Question 3
TRUE Fake
Paz's cafeteria closed after nine months. x
Paz had to go live with her parents. x
Simón has been contributing for a long time. x
Simón earns between €15 and €30 per hour. x
Yolanda has been working in a nursing home for three years. x

Yolanda's company stopped providing her with the necessary
x
materials to do her job.
9B Students from rural areas

Question 1
1 What does the journalist mean when he talks about “more than a million”? To the number of children in rural areas who
have difficulty going to school.
2 According to the journalist, what problem do the children of Tucumán have? The journey between school and their homes
is long.
3 During the week, Mariana normally goes to school accompanied.
Question 2
During the rainy season, Mariana arrives at school completely wet.
Mariana always has dry clothes in her bag.
Mariana feels very tired when she gets home because it is very late.
Mariana has to walk a distance of three kilometers before taking the school bus.
Solutions
Mariana's parents do not own a car.

They are trying to make the bus free.
Question 3
TRUE Fake
In some families in the area where Mariana lives, the babies

x
are left alone at home.
Dropping out of school is one of the problems they have in the
x
area where Mariana lives.
At Mariana's school, students who work with their families

x
receive extra classes.
x
Mariana's family agrees that she wants to continue studying.
Mariana's teachers understand her complicated situation. x
Mariana believes that the associations that help them need

x
more money.
The interviewer tells Mariana to continue fighting to improve

x
her education.
The interviewer thinks that Mariana is an example to follow. x
9C Women in the Chilean labor market

Question 1
1 What did Michele Bachelet say at the meeting? Parents must be encouraged to stay at home taking care of their children.
2 What percentage of Chileans are company directors? 5%.
3 What is Laura's conclusion in the interview regarding the situation? There is still a long way to go to achieve labor equality
between Chilean men and women.
Question 2
…female labor participation in Chile has improved.
…the main people responsible for caring for the family.
…the largest network of female board members in the world.
…would have very positive economic repercussions.
…5% of the directors of the country's main companies are women.
Question 3
In Chile, the female labor participation rate has improved but is still very low . Women continue to be primarily responsible for
caring for the family, and have fewer opportunities to access higher education and university . There are very few women on
company boards and management , and the pay gap between men and women has not yet been eliminated. According to
9 SOCIAL
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Michelle Bachelet, greater representation of women in the labor market would have very positive consequences for the country's
economic development.
TRANSCRIPTS
Students from rural areas
Interviewer: Hello, good morning. Today we talk about the different educational experiences of Argentine children. We
are broadcasting from Tucumán and our guest is Mariana, a 17-year-old girl who doesn't have an easy time going to class.
Welcome Mariana.
Mariana: Hello.
Interviewer: First, a little general information. In rural communities in Argentina, there are more than a million students
who face numerous obstacles to going to school each day. In the Tucumán region, these obstacles include the great
distances they have to travel to go to school, the climate, child labor, family obligations... Can you explain a little about
what these obstacles consist of, Mariana?
Mariana: Well, for me, one of the hardest obstacles is the distances, because I have to wake up very early, at four in the morning,
to be able to get to school on time. The good thing is that another friend also goes with me, if she doesn't have to work with her
family, and it becomes less boring. The other obstacle is the weather, since I have to cross several rivers that frequently flood
during the rainy season, so I arrive to class completely wet. Apart from the backpack with books and notebooks, I have to carry a
bag with dry clothes to change into. When I return home it is very late, at night, and I am exhausted.
Interviewer: Isn't there a school transportation service?
Mariana: Only for part of the trip, but first I have to walk the three kilometers from my house to the bus stop. My parents don't
have a car, but even if they did, they couldn't take me because they have to work. Ah! and the bus price is too expensive. Many
families cannot afford it. We are fighting to make it free, but so far we have achieved nothing.
Interviewer: Another common problem is that students are absent from school a lot and end up dropping out, right?
Mariana: Yes, although it is not my case, luckily. In many families, older siblings have to stay at home taking care of younger
siblings while parents work, so they can't always go to class. This, of course, affects results and motivation. In other cases, the
entire family has to work, including children who should be in school. Many of my friends are in that situation.
Solutions
Interviewer: You are now studying high school. Do you have plans to go to university?
Mariana: Sure, I would love to. I would like to be a lawyer. I know I need to work hard to achieve it. My family supports me and
that encourages me. I also have teachers who help me a lot because they know that, in my circumstances, I don't have it as easy as
other classmates.
Interviewer: Do you receive any kind of help?
Mariana: Yes. There are associations that give us scholarships to continue studying. These associations try to ensure that all
children are in school. They try to support families.
Interviewer: Mariana, we have run out of time for the interview. It has been a pleasure talking to you and I have to tell
you that you are an admirable girl and I wish you all the best for the future.
Mariana: Thank you for inviting me.
Interviewer: Thank you for coming.
Women in the Chilean labor market Interviewer: Good morning. Today we received Laura González
Prado, head of the Social Studies department. To begin, could you tell me about the female presence in the labor market in
Chile?
Laura González Prado: According to the president of the National Productivity Commission, Joseph Ramos, female labor
participation in Chile has improved (from 31% in 1990 to 48% today), but it is the worst in South America, and the second worst
in America, only surpassed by Mexico. In fact, it is very close to Islamic countries.
Interviewer: What is the reason for this situation?
Laura González Prado: Women continue to be the main people responsible for taking care of the family. We need more
nurseries and kindergartens and, of course, better access to higher and university studies.
Interviewer: Apart from gender equality, how is a greater female presence in the labor market important?
Laura González Prado: Michelle Bachelet addressed the deficit of women in the labor market during a meeting organized by
Women Corporate Directors, the largest network of female board members in the world. According to her, “if 900,000 women,
who for various reasons are not working today, were incorporated into the world of work, we would have an increase of close to
6% of GDP.” That is to say, it would have very positive economic repercussions for the economic development of the country.
Interviewer: Is this the only challenge that Chilean women currently face?
Laura González Prado: No, there is also a deficit of women on company boards and management. Specifically, Chile is ranked
70th out of 144 countries in the Global Gender Gap Index, considering all areas. Only 5% of the directors of the country's main
companies are women. In addition, there is a current wage gap that is between 27% and 31%. This means that women earn
between 27% and 31% less than their male colleagues who have the same occupation. There is still a lot of work to do to break
the glass ceiling in Chile.
Unemployment among young people

Announcer: Today in our program we speak with three young people who have suffered from youth unemployment. First,
Peace. Good morning, tell us your story.
Paz: I spent 20 months in a coffee shop, until the owner had to close it. It was the last time I had a stable contract. I saw an
opportunity and took charge of the closed business thanks to a loan from several suppliers, but I was never able to afford the 9,000
9 SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
euros per month that it cost me to run the cafeteria. I lasted seven months. You can't say I haven't tried. With the store closing, I
had to leave my house and move in with my parents. However, I have never thrown in the towel, but I have to be realistic.
Announcer: Thank you Paz. Now we have Simón on the phone. Simón tell us about your situation.
Simón: I am 29 years old and I have only contributed a few weeks in my entire life. Every morning I help unload the trucks of
fruit and vegetables in exchange for some boxes that I sell to the neighbors, so I manage to bring home between 15 and 30 euros a
day in cash. I live in an apartment that I can pay for thanks to social assistance of 90% of the rent. Apart from what I earn from
fruit and vegetables, there is no other income coming into the house. I see my future very negative.
Announcer: Thank you Simón for calling us. And finally there is Yolanda of Venezuelan origin.
Yolanda: Hello. He had been offering assistance to dependent people in a residence for three years. However, six months ago I
experienced reductions in contract hours and later, payment delays. Until recently, we have had to buy gloves out of our own
pockets, or gas to get to the sick person's house, because the company did not provide them on time. Now I find myself without
work and with few possibilities in Spain. I think I will return to Venezuela soon.
Solutions
1–4 Free response

5th process
b progress
c integration
d commerce
and displacement
f transfer
g borders
6 Free answer
FAIR TRADE
before reading
1–3 Free response
After reading
4 a prosperous years: good seasons b demands: dictates
c ocean: puddle
d dishonest intention: mischief
e large: juicy
f aware: sensitized
g would need: would require
h manufacturers: producers
i important: valuable
j boost: promote
k covers: covers
l gives: grants
m just: worthy
n conditioned: subordinated
or we support: we bet on
p product: item
q rewarded: rewarded
r difficult times: lean years
s is located: is located
support t : assistance
u centralize: they monopolize
v insignificant: laughable
w high: high
5 Free answer
6 a The “social premium” is an extra that must, obligatorily, be invested for the
benefit of the community where the cooperative is located, such as in the
improvement of the streets, supplies for the health center, in materials for the
school. .
b Free response
7 Free answer
15
Solutions
8 Organic cultivation involves a significant effort and its benefits (no soil erosion,
no contamination with chemicals, maintenance of aquifers, protection of
biodiversity, etc.) have a positive impact on the planet.
9 Free answer
1–5 Free response
RIGHTS AND CULTURE

before reading
1–2 Free response
After reading
3 “engañarte” (deception) and “time” (timar) in lines 1 and 2
4 a True: “ It is up to them to determine whether its use is free and free or, on
the contrary, to put a price on its use .”
b True: “ When content owners authorize free downloading, it is legal .” If
the download is unauthorized, an infringement of intellectual property
occurs.”
c False: “ The absence of the symbol does not indicate that the content is free
to use .” For this to be the case, the owner has had to expressly state it.”
d True: “ We must mention the source and author when we use a quote in a
research paper or article .” In these cases, the fragment must be short and
proportionate to the end of the incorporation. And if we are not citing, but
using a work, we must obtain authorization from the owner .”
5th use (lie 1): use

b violation (lie 2): violation
c mention (lie 4): quote
d objective (lie 4): end
e allow (lie 5): authorize
f occur (lie 6): take place
g access (lie 7): entry
a If I use P2P programs, I need permission because their use involves the
exploitation of intellectual property rights that have not been
authorized, which constitutes an infringement of intellectual property
rights.
b If we do not ask permission from the content creators to download them, our
downloads are illegal acts.
10 SHARE THE PLANET
c One of the most serious problems of P2P networks is security.

d Artists are professionals who have the legitimate right to earn money,
succeed and have a successful career, as is the case in any professional
sector.
7 • gives work to artists
• introduces the artists
• promotes his concerts
• allows them to professionalize and consolidate
8 Free answer
1–6 Free response
GENDER EQUALITY
before reading
1–4 Free response
After reading
5 despite
b for
c compared to
d while
and how
f but
g too
6 1d, 2e, 3b, 4i, 5g, 6k, 7a, 8l, 9c, 10j, 11f, 12h
7–8 Free response

at 70: “More than 70 international leaders from politics, the economy and society
meet in Santiago, Chile to review how much progress women have made and
what challenges they face.”
b 20: “'Over these 20 years there has been progress, but slower than expected,'
indicates Spanish lawyer Begoña Lasagabaster, Acting Director of the Policy
Division of UN Women.”
c February 27 and 28: “more than 70 international leaders, mostly women, meet
this February 27 and 28 in Santiago, Chile at the 'Women and Power:
Building a different world' summit, organized by UN Women and the
government of Chile.”
10 a False: “experts on gender issues agree that there is still a long way to go
before women and men find themselves on equal terms in society and
also in positions of power .”
b False: “Over these 20 years there has been progress, but slower than
expected ,” indicates Spanish lawyer Begoña Lasagabaster.”
c True: “ We want to focus on one of the areas of action, which is women in
Solutions
decision-making. “We want to bring together women who lead in

different areas such as politics, the economy, civil society, unions, rural or
urban areas, and see what we have to do to make the commitments come
true.”
d True: “' I don't think we can say that women in politics, as well as in
economics and science, have equality with men in positions of power , but
that there are certain women who have achieved it, but they are more of a
case. isolated than a parity,' indicates Dr. Barbara Stiegler.”
e False: “ While the Chilean president appeals to her closeness and empathy
with the electorate and strong female support, the German chancellor
has emerged as a strong authority in which the female issue does not
play a great role .” Rather, it tries to neutralize this aspect and does not give
priority to gender issues either.”
Language
Some uses of the subjunctive

• Phrases that express doubt or deny something: 3 and 4
• Phrases that express purpose or purpose: 1 and 2
10 SHARE THE PLANET
1–3 Free response
PEACE AND CONFLICT

before reading
1 Free answer
Peace Conflict
forced recruitment conflict
the violence
demilitarization
the contest
peace building
the insurgency
the pedagogy of reconciliation
hostilities wield a weapon
normalization of life
national/international reconciliation
peace initiatives
show the flag of peace
link
the pact
the transition
commitment
the agreement
arrange
the ceasefire
the consensus
the hope
the dialogue
t 300,000 boy and girl soldiers h acts of violence

o 30 conflicts
b i emotional traumas
c live the war j kidnapped
d fighters k poverty
a battle line l armed groups
n
F messengers m war
g witnesses n recovery of his childhood
- ••• Yo •• r •••
4 a ii , bi , c iii , dii , e ii , f iii
After reading
5 a Build proposals on the demilitarization of youth life b It is aimed at:
• Humberto de la Calle
Head of the Peace Delegation of the National Government of the
Republic of Colombia
Solutions
Ivan Marquez
•
Head of the Peace Delegation of the Armed Forces
Revolutionaries of Colombia – People's Army – FARC EP c Different
Colombian youth organizations d In Havana
Point 1 b They are against compulsory military service and in favor of

peace.
Point 2 e They want the dialogue process to lead to a ceasefire and the
normalization of the situation in the country.
Point 3 d They want the process of the young members of the
insurgent movement to be regularized.
Point 4 c They want a law to be reviewed in a profound way.
Point 5 They encourage the truth of the facts in the armed conflict in
Colombia to be clarified.
1–9 Free response
Types of texts
A Report
1 Free response
2a
The report is a type of text… ✓ expository or argumentative.
b
Its purpose is…
✓ provide information about the results of an investigation.
c
The language used is… ✓ objective and concrete.
d
It is normally written in… ✓ third person.
an A report usually includes…
d ✓ diagrams, graphs, images, tables, extracts, summaries, appendices and
references.
F
It is normally structured in… ✓ introduction, body and conclusion.
g
The presentation usually includes…
✓ cover, index, body, bibliography and annexes.
3 Free response
B Proposal
1 to written
specific b
10 SHARE THE PLANET
c commercial
d work
2 b, h, f, a, d, c, e, g
3 • date: “December 1”
• header:
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF MEXICO CITY

Mexico D. F., December 1
H. Chamber of Deputies
Donceles and Bolívar
Mexico D. F.
• formal language: the use of you, “Dear ladies and gentlemen”, “we look
forward to your collaboration”, “Sincerely”, etc.
• farewell: “Sincerely”
• analysis/background of the situation:
“To date, eight out of ten businesses have been robbed, which generates a high
degree of collective psychosis, to such a degree that many tenants, both large and
small, have closed their doors.” “1 The police, according to journalistic reports, are
facing an increase in crime.
2 Police surveillance is insufficient, there should almost be one police officer per
established business.”
• petition:
“The Chamber of Commerce of the City. of Mexico, requests

"This Legislature modifies the Penal Code, so that established merchants can have
more legal recourse against criminals who try to assault them within their
premises."
• signature: “Oscar A. Alcocer Palaces

President of the Chamber of Commerce of Mexico City”
4 Free response

A picture is worth a thousand words
1 Free response
Fighting for equity

1–2 Free response
Solutions
Getting to know some NGOs

1–2 Free response
Literature
fragment of “The transparent world”, Francisco García Pavón
1 to close: next
b very secret: very secretive
c method: system
hidden d : veiled
and passionate: amateur
f instrument: apparatus
2 The two sentences that are true are sentences a and e

3 everywhere , in all directions: to the four winds
b appetizing, attractive proposal: greedy offer
c they proposed so much distraction: they promised so much solace
d families with sufficient economic resources: moderately well-off households
e around: around
f common television: vulgar television
g general catastrophe: universal disaster
h in an incomprehensible way: in an inconceivable way
i the activity of others: the life of others
4 1d, 2c, 3b, 4a
5 a ii (paragraph 9), bi (paragraph 9), c iii (paragraph 9), di (paragraph 9) e ii
(paragraph 9), fi (paragraph 10), g ii (paragraph 11), h iii (paragraph 12 )
6 a Phrases that mention the attitude of women:
• “At lunch time, the ladies made sure that the table was set with great
distinction, always with clean tablecloths and new dishes.” (paragraph 9)
• “The lady of the house worked at all hours with admirable neatness and
order.” (paragraph 9)
• “The ladies put special effort into the decoration of their homes and the
branding of their perfumes and dresses.” (paragraph 12)
b Phrases that mention the attitude of men/husbands:

• “first the most sensitive men, and then absolutely everyone, entered into a
situation of unspeakable anguish, once the novelty of the game wore off.”
(paragraph 7)
• “The men took care of their reading, they hid to drink and cry.”
(paragraph 12)
c Phrases that describe how the maids and children dressed:
• “The girls on duty at all times appeared in uniform, the children in proper
condition” (paragraph 9)
d Phrases that refer to the economic situation of marriages:
• “Family budgets suffered from the need for this forced politics and
circumspection.” (paragraph 9)
10 SHARE THE PLANET
• “Don't let that fool looking at us think that we don't earn enough to afford
these niceties.” (paragraph 9)
• “Married couples had to abandon the habit of arguing and talking about
money.” (paragraph 10)
e Phrases that describe the new relationships between members of a family:
• “Everyone sat at the table well dressed and spoke to each other with
restraint and smiling.” (paragraph 9)
• “Married couples had to abandon the habit of arguing and talking about
money. They used to make these glassy or denunciatory speeches when
they were traveling, since receiving images and sounds of moving
vehicles was still very difficult.” (paragraph 10)
• “There were families who adopted the habit of passing each other notes
written in very small handwriting for their communication, which they
read by holding them close to their eyes or taking cover from the table
and using the tiny flashlight.” (paragraph 11)
7 a True: “ Family budgets suffered from the need for this forced policy and
circumspection .” (paragraph 9)
b False: “the ladies, at lunch time, made sure that the table was set with great
distinction , always with clean tablecloths and new dishes. Everyone sat at
the table well dressed and spoke to each other with restraint and smiling
. The meals, for fear of what people will say , were really good and well
served.” (paragraph 9)
c True: “ Married couples had to abandon the habit of arguing and talking
about money .” (paragraph 10)
d False: “ The men took care of their reading , they hid to drink and cry.”
(paragraph 12)
e True: “ Everyone sat at the table well dressed and spoke to each other with
restraint and smiling.” (paragraph 9); “ The girls on duty at all times
appeared in uniform, the children in proper condition ” (paragraph 9)
f True: “ all the objects in the house gave off pure clean light ” (paragraph 9)
8–9 Free response

• In the text, women appear as housewives whose main interests are cooking,
decorating the house and wearing perfumes and new dresses.
• Likewise, the lady of the house has uniformed service girls who take care of
the children and also the cleaning.
• Men hide to cry, indicating that crying is considered a sign of weakness. It is
also suggested that reading is an activity reserved for men.
11 Free answer
To write
Solutions
1–3 Free response
GRAMMAR
Give personal and impersonal advice
Question 1
Personal Impersonal
advice advice
x
To stay in shape, you have to exercise.
Before the exam, we should go to the library to

x
study.
It is best to avoid talking about politics at New Year's

x
Eve dinner.
It would be advisable not to drink alcohol before
x
driving.
It would be advisable to equip your car with chains

x
this winter.
10 SHARE THE PLANET
To get to work on time, you would have to leave

x
early.
A restaurant must use fresh and seasonal

x
ingredients.
It is best that you stay at home to rest. x
Question 2
A good coach...
…must be understanding.
…he must set an example for his players.
…you have to trust your team captain.
…you must motivate your players.
…you have to be patient.
…you have to act calmly.
Question 3
1 You should n't go outside with wet hair. You're going to catch cold.
2 When temperatures are negative, it would be advisable to dress warmly to avoid
getting cold.
3 If your symptoms do not disappear, you should consult another doctor.

4 When symptoms persist after taking treatment, you should consult a doctor.
5 It is best that you go to sleep early to be in shape tomorrow.
6 Before an exam, it is best to go to sleep early.
7 A good bookseller must be a bibliophile and a psychologist.
8 In order to become a good bookseller, it would be advisable that you anticipate
your customers' requests.
The subjunctive
Question 1
talk eat play ask
I I talked eat I played and ask

you talk as game is ask as
he she you I talked eat play ask
we let 's talk let's eat let's play ask us
you talk how are you you played ask

Solutions
they, they, you spoke in com an I played in ask
Question 2
We do not believe that coffee is a regular market, but rather that it is cyclical and, as
such, there are seasons of good prices and good harvests, and others that are not. In
this situation, the small producer needs his needs to be met . Fair trade certification
provides added value to coffee, a guarantee of quality, and allows small producers to
strengthen themselves as an organization.
Fair trade certification is an initiative to ensure that the wages and working conditions
of small producers are also fair. Although certification costs can be high and the
requirements difficult to achieve, they are essential to help small producers receive a
fair price for their work and dedication.
The consumer society and developed countries also have the responsibility of
promoting fair trade, not only to improve the living conditions of farmers, but also to
establish rules of the game with which we all benefit .
Question 3
1 Look for similar expressions in Spanish and try to use them when you speak .
2 When I start college, I'll see how I handle it.
3 Stay in the school yard until I come to pick you up.
4 I'll take the dog for a walk when I get home from school.
5 My friends from Ecuador always tell me to continue studying Spanish.
6 I will study Spanish until I know how to speak it well.
7 Today he will stay working until the project is finished .
8 Review the assignment until you find the error.
9 When you finish your studies, we will have a party in style.
10A The power of unions
Question 1
TRUE Fake
Want to see unions expand. x
More union delegates are needed. x
The 50,000 workers need to fight for their rights. x
In Cantabria there are 50,000 unemployed. x
It is important that the government creates more jobs. x

10 SHARE THE PLANET
The businessman needs to be protected. x
Question 2
…they have jobs but are on the poverty line…
…in health, education or social services…
…give more support to union delegates…
…we have not emerged from the economic crisis…
… what we are for and what we are doing...
… to promote job creation…
Question 3
1 According to Paco, some politicians have not been fair to the unions.
2 Unions need to better explain their objectives to citizens.
10B Music piracy

Question 1
1 The information about piracy in Mexico comes from a newspaper.
2 Mexico is the third country in Latin America with the highest rate of piracy of
computer products.
3 Losses from piracy affect the government.
4 The program asks its listeners to call the program with more ideas.
Question 2
TRUE Fake
Costa Rica is on the list of countries with the highest piracy in
x
Latin America
Santiago Sur is president of a music company x

Santiago Sur believes that the main victim of piracy is the
x
consumer
The use of illegal software in Mexico has decreased thanks to

x
user awareness
Question 3
Everybody does it. It is important to be honest and legal.
Since no one is going to see me, it is not a crime. Buying pirated products helps
finance criminal networks.
It doesn't affect anyone, there's no problem doing it. It is a way of limiting funds for
other creative production.
It's not that bad, it's not serious. You are stealing money from that person.
10C The HeForShe Movement

Question 1
1 HeForShe is a global movement.
2 HeForShe was born in 2014.
3 HeForShe aims to link all of society to change inequality.
10 SHARE THE PLANET
Question 2
TRUE Fake
HeForShe has very important spokespersons at an
x
international level.
UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon and actress Emma

x
Watson are spokespersons for the campaign.
Ban Ki-moon famously asked two questions that have become

x
the motto of our campaign.
Bogotá has not yet been included in the list of cities committed
x
to women's rights.
The mentality of companies, workplaces, education, leisure,

x
culture is beginning to change.
Two million men around the world have joined HeForShe. x
x
Gender equality is a women's issue, but men can help.
Question 3
HeForShe is a global movement, a solidarity campaign that promotes gender equality and aims to involve men and boys as
promoters of social change.
It seeks, first of all, to recognize that inequality between men and women still exists in all countries of the world. HeForShe
also wants to raise awareness about inequality . We know that in our society a woman's salary is almost half that of a man in
the same position , and that the possibilities of accessing employment are lower, despite the fact that the number of female
graduates is greater.
Colombia is the Latin American country with the least male participation in the campaign. For this reason, we call on men to
enter the HerForShe website and join... especially students , professionals, politicians, journalists , who have a commitment
to these issues. We ask you to take the step and show your commitment publicly. We want a planet in parity . Help us!
10 SHARE THE PLANET
LISTENING COMPREHENSION –
TRANSCRIPTS
The power of unions
Interviewer: Today I am talking with Paco who is the new head of the largest
union in Cantabria. Good morning, Paco, what will be your biggest priorities in
your new job?
Paco: I want the power of the unions to grow and the union's services here in
Cantabria to be further strengthened. It is important to give more support to union
delegates and boost membership. In Cantabria we have 50,000 people who are
unemployed and need someone to fight for their rights. They are people with names
and surnames who have to cover their needs and we cannot look away. We have to
encourage the government to promote job creation. What's more, I also want to
promote collective bargaining, in which power is now unbalanced in favor of the
employer.
Interviewer: Don't you think that the situation of lack of employment is
improving?
Paco: We have not yet emerged from the economic crisis. There is a new group of
workers who have jobs but are on the threshold of poverty and they suffer due to the
loss of rights in recent years in health, education or social services.
Interviewer: Do you recognize that citizens do not have a good image of unions?
Paco: There has been an excessive campaign against unions in Spain by certain
politicians, which seems unfair to me. However, we have to admit that we have not
been able to convey to citizens what we are for and what we are doing. We haven't
solved all the problems but we will keep trying.
Interviewer: Thank you, Paco.
music piracy
According to recent statistics, Mexico is the Latin American country with the highest
rate of software piracy. Between 2012 and 2013, losses reached $1.2 billion in
hacking alone. But the problem of piracy not only has economic consequences, it is
also the cause of the loss of some 2.5 million jobs.
The use of illegal software in Mexico has decreased thanks to market evolution and
greater user awareness. Suppliers are now committed to creating packages adapted to
the needs of users, and they invest in tailored solutions that better suit their needs and
budget.
16
9
Transcripts
But the figures surrounding piracy are still alarming. Pirated music, CDs and books, illegal downloads, are a reality, and
pirated products ruin the work of creatives, artists and producers.
These are some excuses from users of pirated articles. We give you the reasons not to participate: Do you want a world
without piracy?
• Everybody does it…
…that does not mean that something is right, nor that one is acting within the law. In life it is important to be honest and
legal. Say no to piracy.
• Since no one sees me, it is not a crime...
… although it is not easy to penalize, piracy is an attack against society and against ourselves. Buying pirated products
helps finance criminal networks that in turn finance other crimes. Say no to piracy.
• It doesn't affect anyone, it doesn't cause problems...
… on the contrary, piracy affects many people. Every download of songs, albums, movies, or any other pirated product
contributes to the loss of money in the creative industry itself, limiting future investment and hiring of personnel. It is a
way of limiting funds for creative production and job creation. Say no to piracy.
• It's not that bad, it's not serious...
…but when you purchase a product that is not original, you are depriving the author of the benefit of his work and effort.
You are stealing money from that person, who will not be able to continue with their artistic work due to lack of funds.
Say no to piracy.
Can you think of more excuses and solutions or answers? Call 2312355 and leave your comments; At the end of the
program we will select the most original ones.
HeForShe
David: Good morning, Carmen. Thank you very much for being with us. Can you explain to us what the HeForShe
campaign consists of?
Carmen: Hello David, thank you very much for inviting me to your program. It is a pleasure to announce this social initiative
of UN Women endorsed by the United Nations. HeForShe is a global movement, a solidarity campaign that promotes gender
equality and aims to involve men and boys as promoters of social change.
David: What goals does HeForShe have?
Carmen: It seeks, first of all, to recognize that inequality between men and women still exists in all countries of the world. To
change this situation, a social commitment is needed. We must link the entire society, men and women, boys and girls, from all
over the world, to change mentalities in all areas of our life.
society. HeForShe also wants to raise awareness about inequality. The figures are
alarming. We know that in our society a woman's salary is almost half that of a man
in the same position, and that the possibilities of accessing employment are lower,
despite the fact that the number of female graduates is greater. Furthermore, women
have fewer opportunities to participate in politics or decision-making positions, and
they are the main victims of gender violence.
David: Who is part of this campaign?
Carmen: HeForShe is a global movement and we have spokespersons of
international caliber, recognized people in all areas of society, from politicians to
artists. The UN Secretary General and actress Emma Watson were present at its
launch. It was precisely she who made famous two questions that have become the
motto of our campaign: if not today, when?, and if not me, who? These issues have
since served as a call to mobilize the entire planet in favor of gender equality.
10 SHARE THE PLANET Transcripts
David: Why is it important for Bogotá to join HeForShe?

Carmen: It is essential. Bogotá has been included in the list of cities committed to
women's rights, and the city's main representatives have presented specific action
points for the advancement of women's rights. It is a way of saying that the city is: I
am HeForShe. We are beginning to change the mentality of companies, workplaces,
education, leisure, culture...
David: How has the global equality movement advanced?
Carmen: Currently we can say that one million men around the world have joined
HeForShe. But we need more to promote change. It is not enough to know the
figures: we must act and men can help change the situation. That is why we say very
loudly that gender equality is a matter for the entire society.
David: And what would you say to the people of Bogota and Colombians about
the HeForShe movement?
Carmen: Colombia is the Latin American country with the least male participation in
the campaign. For this reason, we call on men to enter the HerForShe website and
join... especially students, professionals, politicians, journalists, who have a
commitment to these issues. We ask you to take the step and show your commitment
publicly. We want a planet in parity. Help us!
David: Thank you very much, Carmen, for having been with us and we hope
that this call obtains results.
Carmen: Thank you for everything.
Medium level
Paper 2 markscheme
Auditive comprehension
TEXT A: The benefits of sport
1 A,C,D
2 A, D, F, G, H
TEXT B: The benefits of dance

3 g
4 AND
5 Yo
6 b
7 F
8 B,D,F
9 TO
10 b
TEXT C: Travel diary

10 SHARE THE PLANET Transcripts
11 A,B,D
12 c
13 b
14 c
15 b
16 TO
Practice Exam – Solutions
Paper 3 markscheme
Reading compression
TEXT A: A teacher gives basketball lessons to his students in exchange for
them reading
1 c
2 b
3 Third and fourth grade students
4 It is very difficult to watch basketball on television
5 He was not allowed to attend training
6 B,E,F,H
7 Read
8 (the/some) basketball players
9 (basketball
10 (the) students / (the) children / each student/child
11 book books
12 (the) (school) library
TEXT B: Review – Tempest

13 b
14 AND
15 15A: next to; 15B: everyday
16 16A: images; 16B: elderly; 16C: realities; 16D: indications
17 c
18 TO
TEXT C: 5 tips for a happy vacation

19 an investment in our health
20 more creative and productive
21 of traffic, pollution and homework
22 fun and exercise
23 B, D, H, I
24 prepared to perform 100%
25 several stops to stretch your legs and rest (a little)
26 loose and comfortable clothing
27 the diseases (most common) and risks
28 c
17
Upper level
Paper 2 markscheme
Auditive comprehension
TEXT A: Travel diary
1 B, D, E, I, J
TEXT B: The Quetzal Route

2 A,C,D
3 Who taught us all to dance salsa
4 In tents
5 (I was) trying to open the backpacks
6 c
7 b
8 c
9 TO
TEXT C: The importance of eating well

10 (1) meets our basic biological needs; (2) allows our body to function normally; (3) helps reduce the risk of certain
diseases. (Not necessarily in this order).
11 Hypertension, obesity, diabetes, allergies, food intolerances, stress, eating disorders, cancer. (Any combination from the
list).
12 They help protect us against diseases... strengthening our body and our defenses
13 (1) helps increase good cholesterol; (2) prevents the oxidation of bad cholesterol. (Not necessarily in this order).
14 meats, fish, eggs, dairy products. (Any combination from the list). Red wine (bonus point!!)
17
4
Paper 3 markscheme
Reading compression
TEXT A: 5 tips for a happy vacation
1 V; Rationale: for both body and mind
2 F; Justification: they can become an investment in our health
3 V; Rationale: frees people from the tension and pressures they face daily
4 F; Justification: it is important to avoid excesses
5 19A: advice; 19B: alter; 19C: raw; 19D: cover
6 AND
7 TO
8 b
9 the diseases (most common) / the risks (that exist)
10 (more) creative and productive
TEXT B: Open letter from civil society organizations on transgenic

contamination in centers of origin
11 peasants / indigenous communities / civil society organizations
12 pollution is (much) more serious and (much) more widespread (than previously
thought)
13 No / could indicate that pollution has been occurring for several generations
14 A, C, D, G, J
15 stop her
16 harshly
17 a reservoir
18 Changes in policy
19 the most precious inheritance
TEXT C: The Turk's Tavern

20 d
21 brave
22 nickname / nickname
23 They were very good friends
24 (he swore) to take care of Íñigo
25F
26H
27E
28A
17
29 A, D, F
17
6

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Solutions

To get into the matter

1–3 Free response

8 a for children: children's

9 a False: they take place during the month of January

Oral and written expression activities

4 i the radish (masculine)

7 a False: 60 euros are necessary

Oral and written expression activities

2 Free response. Possible answers:

3–7 Free response

MUSIC AND WELLBEING

6 a 1e: Sing at the top of your lungs

Oral and written expression activities

1–2 Free response

ART AND HEALTH

4 a The creation of a work provides us with mental benefits.

6 a It is a brochure – it has a title, an image, sections with different content, health-

7–8 Free response

General oral activities

B Sing and don't cry

a False: “one does not forget such a traumatic event”

To speak and write

1–10 Free response

To reflect and debate

1–4 Free response

you speaks eat writes

1 he she you I talked eat scribe

us let 's talk let 's eat let's write

you speak ad com ed write id

they, they, you spoke in com an write an

Marga has small children. x

Marga usually practices climbing. x

For Marga, playing sports is more than just exercising. x

Sometimes Marga has dinner at the sports club. x

Marga likes to do some cycling. x

Marga doesn't know how to swim. x

Marga would like to share more time with her family. x

1B Healthy living habits

Organic foods… TRUE Fake

…they provide us with energy. x

…are better for your health. x

…help take care of the environment. x

1C Two very different rhythms of life

Amparo does not work full time. x

Amparo works every day. x

Amparo's partner does not work. x

Amparo and her partner divide the household chores. x

Healthy living habits

Two very different rhythms of life

Interviewer: And do you have time to practice some type of exercise?

To get into the matter

1 1f, 2b, 3a, 4c, 5e, 6d

2–3 Free response

4 Free answer. Example response:

archeology dance gastronomy music paint

Argentina caramel cookies

Colombia Deborah Arango

Spain sardana Salmorejo