Papers by SMJ Mortazavi, Ph.D
Comments on "Sesamol ameliorates radiation induced DNA damage in hematopoietic system of whole bo... more Comments on "Sesamol ameliorates radiation induced DNA damage in hematopoietic system of whole body γ-irradiated mice".
Mortazavi SMJ.
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2017 Oct 25. doi: 10.1002/em.22143. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 29067715
Comments on "Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and some cancers of unknown etiology: An ecolo... more Comments on "Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and some cancers of unknown etiology: An ecological study".
Mortazavi SAR, Mortazavi G, Mortazavi SMJ.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 31;609:1. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.131. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
PMID: 28732291
Evaluation of the potential of mobile phone specific electromagnetic fields (UMTS) to produce mic... more Evaluation of the potential of mobile phone specific electromagnetic fields (UMTS) to produce micronuclei in human glioblastoma cell lines.
Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi SAR, Paknahad M.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2017 Oct;44:414-415. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.07.029. Epub 2017 Aug 1. No abstract available.
PMID: 28778768
Re: Are electromagnetic fields in incubators a risk factor for autism?
Mortazavi SMJ.
Acta Paedia... more Re: Are electromagnetic fields in incubators a risk factor for autism?
Mortazavi SMJ.
Acta Paediatr. 2017 Sep 1. doi: 10.1111/apa.14055. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 28862780
RE: "MODELED AND PERCEIVED EXPOSURE TO RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS FROM MOBILE-PHONE BA... more RE: "MODELED AND PERCEIVED EXPOSURE TO RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS FROM MOBILE-PHONE BASE STATIONS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SYMPTOMS OVER TIME IN A GENERAL POPULATION COHORT".
Mortazavi SMJ.
Am J Epidemiol. 2017 Oct 5:1. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx315. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 29036398
Comments on "Radiological protection for pregnant women at a large academic medical Cancer Center... more Comments on "Radiological protection for pregnant women at a large academic medical Cancer Center".
Mortazavi SMJ.
Phys Med. 2017 Oct 12. pii: S1120-1797(17)30472-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.10.002. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 29032028
Comments on analysis of mobile phone use among young patients with brain tumors in Japan.
Mortaza... more Comments on analysis of mobile phone use among young patients with brain tumors in Japan.
Mortazavi SMJ.
Bioelectromagnetics. 2017 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/bem.22082. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 28980326
The radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) produced by widely used mobile phones are cla... more The radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) produced by widely used mobile phones are classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Current data on the relationship between exposure to RF-EMFs generated by commercial mobile phones and brain cancer are controversial. Our studies show that this controversy may be caused by several parameters. However, it seems that the magnitude of exposure to RF-EMFs plays a basic role in RF-induced carcinogenesis. There is some evidence indicating that, in a similar pattern with ionizing radiation, the carcinogenesis of non-ionizing RF-EMF may have a nonlinear dose-response relationship. In this paper, the evidence which supports a nonlinear J-shaped dose-response relationship is discussed.
Background: It has recently been shown that the parcle size of materials
used for radiaon shiel... more Background: It has recently been shown that the parcle size of materials
used for radiaon shielding can affect the magnitude of radiaon aenuaon.
Over the past years, applicaon of nano-structured materials in radiaon
shielding has aracted aen on world-wide. The purpose of this study was to
invesgate the shielding properes of the lead-free shields containing micro
and nano-sized WO3 against low energy x-rays. Materials and Methods: The
radiaon shields were constructed using nano and micro WO3 parcles
incorporated into an EPVC polymer matrix. The aenuaon coefficients of the
designed shields were evaluated for low energy x-rays (diagnosc radiology
energy range). Results: The results indicate that nano-structured WO3/PVC
shields have higher photon aenuaon properes compared to those of the
micro-sized samples. Conclusion: Our experiment clearly shows that the
smaller size of nano-structured WO3 parcles can guarantee a beer
radiaon shielding property. However, it is too early to draw any conclusion
on the possible mechanisms of enhanced aenuaon of nano-sized WO3
parcles.
Keywords: Radia on, aenua on, micro, Nano, WO3, in diagnos c
radiology, X-ray.
Mahsa Eghlidospour,1,2,3 Amir Ghanbari,4 Seyyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi,2,3 and Hassan Azari1
A... more Mahsa Eghlidospour,1,2,3 Amir Ghanbari,4 Seyyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi,2,3 and Hassan Azari1
Abstract
Due to the importance of neural stem cells (NSCs) in plasticity of the nervous system and treating neurodegenerative diseases, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted from a GSM 900-MHz mobile phone with different exposure duration on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of adult murine NSCs in vitro. We used neurosphere assay to evaluate NSCs proliferation, and immunofluorescence assay of neural cell markers to examine NSCs differentiation. We also employed alamarBlue and caspase 3 apoptosis assays to assess harmful effects of mobile phone on NSCs. Our results showed that the number and size of resulting neurospheres and also the percentage of cells differentiated into neurons decreased significantly with increasing exposure duration to GSM 900-MHz radiofrequency (RF)-electromagnetic field (EMF). In contrast, exposure to GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF at different durations did not influence cell viability and apoptosis of NSCs and also their astrocytic differentiation. It is concluded that accumulating dose of GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF might have devastating effects on NSCs proliferation and neurogenesis requiring more causations in terms of using mobile devices.
Keywords: Electromagnetic fields; Cell phones; Neural stem cells; Radiofrequency; Microwaves; Cell proliferation; Cell differentiation; Apoptosis
Sir,
We read this paper with interest. It claims that the method proposed by the authors for non... more Sir,
We read this paper with interest. It claims that the method proposed by the authors for non-contact induction heating of metallic implants is feasible and appears to be effective in vitro to limit the survival of various bacteria (including spore-forming bacteria) and yeast. Although the paper addresses a challenging issue, it has some shortcomings. The first is that the authors did not compare the advantages and disadvantages of their proposed modality with other more effective and convenient methods. For example, it is well documented that ultrasound interactions with metallic objects can lead to increased temperature (1,2).
Therefore, it seems that non-contact heating of implants by ultrasound would also be effective in reducing bacterial load in vitro. However, over the past years, we have shown that bacteria may become more resistant to chemical or physical stresses due to the induction of an “adaptive response” after pre-exposure to low levels of the same or other types of stress (3). Recently, we have shown that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) can make microorganisms resistant to antibiotics (4). As the response of bacteria to different antibiotics after exposure to RF-EMFs is non-linear (5), any use of RF-EMFs on bacteria should be undertaken with caution. Therefore, any unjustified use of RF-EMFs in the management of infection can threaten our lives through induction of these adaptive phenomena.
References:
1. Behrens BJ, Beinert H. Physical Agents: Theory and Practice. Third ed. F. A. Davis, 2014.
2. Andrades AO, Mazzanti A, Beckmann DV, et al. Heating produced by therapeutic ultrasound in the presence of a metal plate in the femur of canine cadavers. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 2014;66:1343-1350.
3. Ghiassi-nejad M, Mortazavi SM, Cameron JR, Niroomand-rad A, Karam PA. Very high background radiation areas of Ramsar, Iran: preliminary biological studies. Health Phys 2002;82:87-93.
4. Taheri M, Mortazavi SM, Moradi M, et al. Evaluation of the Effect of Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted From Wi-Fi Router and Mobile Phone Simulator on the Antibacterial Susceptibility of Pathogenic Bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Dose Response 2017;15:1559325816688527.
5. Taheri M, Mortazavi SM, Moradi M, et al. Klebsiella pneumonia, a Microorganism that Approves the Non-linear Responses to Antibiotics and Window Theory after Exposure to Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz Electromagnetic Radiofrequency Radiation. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015;5:115-120. Conflict of Interest None declared.
ShareShare Comments on "Non-contact electromagnetic induction heating for eradicating bacteria and yeasts on biomaterials"
LikeComments on "Non-contact electromagnetic induction heating for eradicating bacteria and yeasts on biomaterials"CommentShareShare Comments on "Non-contact electromagnetic induction heating for eradicating bacteria and yeasts on biomaterials"
The radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) produced by widely used mobile phones are cla... more The radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) produced by widely used mobile phones are classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Current data on the relationship between exposure to RF-EMFs generated by commercial mobile phones and brain cancer are controversial. Our studies show that this controversy may be caused by several parameters. However, it seems that the magnitude of exposure to RF-EMFs plays a basic role in RF-induced carcinogenesis. There is some evidence indicating that, in a similar pattern with ionizing radiation, the carcinogenesis of non-ionizing RF-EMF may have a nonlinear dose-response relationship. In this paper, the evidence which supports a J-shaped nonlinear dose-response relationship is discussed.
Abstract (JBPE, in press article): Miranda-Filho et al. in their recently published paper entitle... more Abstract (JBPE, in press article): Miranda-Filho et al. in their recently published paper entitled “Cancers of the brain and CNS: global patterns and trends in incidence” provided a global status report of the geographic and temporal variations in the incidence of brain and CNS cancers in different countries across continents worldwide. While the authors confirm the role of genetic risk factors and ionizing radiation exposures, they claimed that no firm conclusion could be drawn about the role of exposure to non-ionizing radiation. The paper authored by Miranda-Filho et al. not only addresses a challenging issue, it can be considered as a good contribution in the field of brain and CNS cancers. However, this correspondence addresses a basic shortcoming of this paper about the role of electromagnetic fields and cancers and provides evidence which shows that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs), at least at high levels and long term exposures, can increases the risk of cancer.
M. E. Parsanezhad, Dr. S. M. J. Mortazavi , T. Doohandeh, B. Namavar Jahromi, H. Mozdarani, A. Za... more M. E. Parsanezhad, Dr. S. M. J. Mortazavi , T. Doohandeh, B. Namavar Jahromi, H. Mozdarani, A. Zarei, M. Davari, S. Amjadi, A. Soleimani, M. Haghani
Background: The health effect of rapidly increasing everyday exposure of humans to radiofrequency radiation is a major global concern. Mobile phone jammers prevent the mobile phones from receiving signals from base stations by interfering with authorized mobile carriers’ services. In spite of the fact that mobile jammer use is illegal, they are occasionally used in offices, shrines, conference rooms and cinemas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological effects of short term exposure of human sperm to radiofrequency radiation emitted from a commercial mobile phone jammer. Materials and Methods: Fresh semen samples were obtained by masturbation from 50 healthy donors who had referred with their wives to Infertility Treatment Center at the Mother and Child Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Female problem was diagnosed as the reason for infertility in these couples. The semen sample of each participant was divided into 4 aliquots. The first aliquot was subjected to swim-up and exposed to jammer radiation. The second aliquot was not subjected to swim-up but was exposed to jammer radiation. The third and fourth aliquots were not exposed to jammer radiation but only the 3rd aliquot was subjected to swim-up. Results: Semen samples exposed to radiofrequency radiation showed a significant decrease in sperm motility and increase in DNA fragmentation. Conclusion: Electromagnetic radiation in radiofrequency range emitted from mobile phone jammers may lead to decreased motility and increased DNA fragmentation in human semen. It can be concluded that mobile phone jamming might exert adverse reproductive health effects.
Increased Mercury release due to exposure to electromagnetic radiation as a limiting factor for u... more Increased Mercury release due to exposure to electromagnetic radiation as a limiting factor for using dental amalgam
M. Paknahad, A. Dehghani, S. Jarideh, M. Haghani, H. Mozdarani, Dr. G. Mortazavi *, J. Eslami, S.M.J Mortazavi
Background: Although it is one of the most toxic nonradioactive elements, mercury is widely used in dental amalgam. Mercury is a toxic element which can damage various organs such as central nervous system, renal, respiratory and hematologic systems. The adverse health impacts associated to exposure to some common sources of electromagnetic fields including laptop computers, mobile phones, MRI and mobile phone jammers have been evaluated by our laboratory in our previous investigations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of X ray exposure on microleakage of amalgam restoration. Materials and Methods: Standardized class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 46 non-carious freshly extracted human premolars. The teeth were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental group were exposed to X-ray using an intraoral radiography machine at 60 kVp, 0.1 s, 7 mA with 2.5 mm Al total filtration. The absorbed dose was 245.0 ± 0.5 µGy. All specimens were placed in 2 % basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours. Then the specimens were sectioned and microleakage was assessed according to dye penetration using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: Microleakage was significantly higher in the X-ray exposed teeth compared to those of the non-irradiated samples. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that X-ray exposure increased microleakage of amalgam restorations
Background: Polyethylene composites including boron can be used as an effective neutron shield. O... more Background: Polyethylene composites including boron can be used as an effective neutron shield. Our investigation focuses on manufacturing borated polyethylene nano-composite. The purpose of this study is to design a radiation shield for use in both neutron and gamma fields. Materials and Methods: Borated polyethylene shields containing 2%, and 5% weight percentage of Boron nano-particles were constructed and their neutron attenuation was compared with pure polyethylene. Polycarbonate films were used to find the attenuation of Am-Be neutrons after passing the shields. Mechanical properties of the shields were finally compared. Results: Mean (± SD) number of α tracks induced by neutrons passing through the shields, were found to be 1.0488×103±128.98, 1.1972×103±289.56and 1.5340×103±206.52 for polyethylene with 5% by weight, polyethylene with 2% by weight boron nano-particles, and pure polyethylene, respectively. The neutron spectrum after each shield was also obtained by MCNP4C Monte Carlo simulations. On the other hand, borated polyethylene nano-composites showed higher tensile strength compared to that of pure polyethylene. Attenuation of neutrons measured in experiments and the result of MCNP simulation were in good agreement. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference was found between neutron attenuation by borated polyethylene nanocomposite made of 5% by weight boron and pure polyethylene. However, the difference between borated polyethylene nano-composite with 5% weight and 2% wt boron was not statistically significant.
LETTER-TO-THE-EDITOR Cytogenetic evaluation of cataract patients occupationally exposed to ionizi... more LETTER-TO-THE-EDITOR Cytogenetic evaluation of cataract patients occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation in northeast China.
Mortazavi SM, Mortazavi SA, Paknahad M.
Genet Mol Res. 2016 Nov 3;15(4). doi: 10.4238/gmr15049464. No abstract available.
PMID: 27820653
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences, 2014
Background: Now-a-days, children are exposed to mobile phone radiation at a very early age. We ha... more Background: Now-a-days, children are exposed to mobile phone radiation at a very early age. We have previously shown that a large proportion of children in the city of Shiraz, Iran use mobile phones. Furthermore, we have indicated that the visual reaction time (VRT) of university students was significantly affected by a 10 min real/sham exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phone. We found that these exposures decreased the reaction time which might lead to a better response to different hazards. We have also revealed that occupational exposures to radar radiations decreased the reaction time in radar workers. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether short-term exposure of elementary school students to radiofrequency (RF) radiation leads to changes in their reaction time and short-term memory. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 elementary school children ages ranging from 8 to 10 years studying at a public elementary school in Shiraz, Iran were enrolled in this study. Standardized computer-based tests of VRT and short-term memory (modified for children) were administered. The students were asked to perform some preliminary tests for orientation with the VRT test. After orientation, to reduce the random variation of measurements, each test was repeated ten times in both real and sham exposure phases. The time interval between the two subsequent sham and real exposure phases was 30 min. Results: The mean ± standard deviation reaction times after a 10 min talk period and after a 10 min sham exposure (switched off mobile) period were 249.0 ± 82.3 ms and 252.9 ± 68.2 ms (P = 0.629), respectively. On the other hand, the mean short-term memory scores after the talk and sham exposure periods were 1062.60 ± 305.39, and 1003.84 ± 339.68 (P = 0.030), respectively. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that short-term exposure of elementary school students to RF radiation leads to the better performance of their short-term memory.
Comment on "Long-term exposure to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones and Wi-Fi devices ... more Comment on "Long-term exposure to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones and Wi-Fi devices decreases plasma prolactin, progesterone, and estrogen levels but increases uterine oxidative stress in pregnant rats and their offspring".
Mortazavi S, Mortazavi S, Paknahad M.
Endocrine. 2016 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 27688012
Levels of arsenic, mercury, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, and manganese in serum and whole blood o... more Levels of arsenic, mercury, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, and manganese in serum and whole blood of resident adults from mining and non-mining communities in Ghana.
Mortazavi S, Mortazavi G, Paknahad M.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Sep 24. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 27665462
Uploads
Papers by SMJ Mortazavi, Ph.D
Mortazavi SMJ.
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2017 Oct 25. doi: 10.1002/em.22143. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 29067715
Mortazavi SAR, Mortazavi G, Mortazavi SMJ.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 31;609:1. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.131. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
PMID: 28732291
Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi SAR, Paknahad M.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2017 Oct;44:414-415. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.07.029. Epub 2017 Aug 1. No abstract available.
PMID: 28778768
Mortazavi SMJ.
Acta Paediatr. 2017 Sep 1. doi: 10.1111/apa.14055. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 28862780
Mortazavi SMJ.
Am J Epidemiol. 2017 Oct 5:1. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx315. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 29036398
Mortazavi SMJ.
Phys Med. 2017 Oct 12. pii: S1120-1797(17)30472-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.10.002. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 29032028
Mortazavi SMJ.
Bioelectromagnetics. 2017 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/bem.22082. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 28980326
used for radiaon shielding can affect the magnitude of radiaon aenuaon.
Over the past years, applicaon of nano-structured materials in radiaon
shielding has aracted aen on world-wide. The purpose of this study was to
invesgate the shielding properes of the lead-free shields containing micro
and nano-sized WO3 against low energy x-rays. Materials and Methods: The
radiaon shields were constructed using nano and micro WO3 parcles
incorporated into an EPVC polymer matrix. The aenuaon coefficients of the
designed shields were evaluated for low energy x-rays (diagnosc radiology
energy range). Results: The results indicate that nano-structured WO3/PVC
shields have higher photon aenuaon properes compared to those of the
micro-sized samples. Conclusion: Our experiment clearly shows that the
smaller size of nano-structured WO3 parcles can guarantee a beer
radiaon shielding property. However, it is too early to draw any conclusion
on the possible mechanisms of enhanced aenuaon of nano-sized WO3
parcles.
Keywords: Radia on, aenua on, micro, Nano, WO3, in diagnos c
radiology, X-ray.
Abstract
Due to the importance of neural stem cells (NSCs) in plasticity of the nervous system and treating neurodegenerative diseases, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted from a GSM 900-MHz mobile phone with different exposure duration on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of adult murine NSCs in vitro. We used neurosphere assay to evaluate NSCs proliferation, and immunofluorescence assay of neural cell markers to examine NSCs differentiation. We also employed alamarBlue and caspase 3 apoptosis assays to assess harmful effects of mobile phone on NSCs. Our results showed that the number and size of resulting neurospheres and also the percentage of cells differentiated into neurons decreased significantly with increasing exposure duration to GSM 900-MHz radiofrequency (RF)-electromagnetic field (EMF). In contrast, exposure to GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF at different durations did not influence cell viability and apoptosis of NSCs and also their astrocytic differentiation. It is concluded that accumulating dose of GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF might have devastating effects on NSCs proliferation and neurogenesis requiring more causations in terms of using mobile devices.
Keywords: Electromagnetic fields; Cell phones; Neural stem cells; Radiofrequency; Microwaves; Cell proliferation; Cell differentiation; Apoptosis
We read this paper with interest. It claims that the method proposed by the authors for non-contact induction heating of metallic implants is feasible and appears to be effective in vitro to limit the survival of various bacteria (including spore-forming bacteria) and yeast. Although the paper addresses a challenging issue, it has some shortcomings. The first is that the authors did not compare the advantages and disadvantages of their proposed modality with other more effective and convenient methods. For example, it is well documented that ultrasound interactions with metallic objects can lead to increased temperature (1,2).
Therefore, it seems that non-contact heating of implants by ultrasound would also be effective in reducing bacterial load in vitro. However, over the past years, we have shown that bacteria may become more resistant to chemical or physical stresses due to the induction of an “adaptive response” after pre-exposure to low levels of the same or other types of stress (3). Recently, we have shown that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) can make microorganisms resistant to antibiotics (4). As the response of bacteria to different antibiotics after exposure to RF-EMFs is non-linear (5), any use of RF-EMFs on bacteria should be undertaken with caution. Therefore, any unjustified use of RF-EMFs in the management of infection can threaten our lives through induction of these adaptive phenomena.
References:
1. Behrens BJ, Beinert H. Physical Agents: Theory and Practice. Third ed. F. A. Davis, 2014.
2. Andrades AO, Mazzanti A, Beckmann DV, et al. Heating produced by therapeutic ultrasound in the presence of a metal plate in the femur of canine cadavers. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 2014;66:1343-1350.
3. Ghiassi-nejad M, Mortazavi SM, Cameron JR, Niroomand-rad A, Karam PA. Very high background radiation areas of Ramsar, Iran: preliminary biological studies. Health Phys 2002;82:87-93.
4. Taheri M, Mortazavi SM, Moradi M, et al. Evaluation of the Effect of Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted From Wi-Fi Router and Mobile Phone Simulator on the Antibacterial Susceptibility of Pathogenic Bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Dose Response 2017;15:1559325816688527.
5. Taheri M, Mortazavi SM, Moradi M, et al. Klebsiella pneumonia, a Microorganism that Approves the Non-linear Responses to Antibiotics and Window Theory after Exposure to Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz Electromagnetic Radiofrequency Radiation. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015;5:115-120. Conflict of Interest None declared.
ShareShare Comments on "Non-contact electromagnetic induction heating for eradicating bacteria and yeasts on biomaterials"
LikeComments on "Non-contact electromagnetic induction heating for eradicating bacteria and yeasts on biomaterials"CommentShareShare Comments on "Non-contact electromagnetic induction heating for eradicating bacteria and yeasts on biomaterials"
Background: The health effect of rapidly increasing everyday exposure of humans to radiofrequency radiation is a major global concern. Mobile phone jammers prevent the mobile phones from receiving signals from base stations by interfering with authorized mobile carriers’ services. In spite of the fact that mobile jammer use is illegal, they are occasionally used in offices, shrines, conference rooms and cinemas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological effects of short term exposure of human sperm to radiofrequency radiation emitted from a commercial mobile phone jammer. Materials and Methods: Fresh semen samples were obtained by masturbation from 50 healthy donors who had referred with their wives to Infertility Treatment Center at the Mother and Child Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Female problem was diagnosed as the reason for infertility in these couples. The semen sample of each participant was divided into 4 aliquots. The first aliquot was subjected to swim-up and exposed to jammer radiation. The second aliquot was not subjected to swim-up but was exposed to jammer radiation. The third and fourth aliquots were not exposed to jammer radiation but only the 3rd aliquot was subjected to swim-up. Results: Semen samples exposed to radiofrequency radiation showed a significant decrease in sperm motility and increase in DNA fragmentation. Conclusion: Electromagnetic radiation in radiofrequency range emitted from mobile phone jammers may lead to decreased motility and increased DNA fragmentation in human semen. It can be concluded that mobile phone jamming might exert adverse reproductive health effects.
M. Paknahad, A. Dehghani, S. Jarideh, M. Haghani, H. Mozdarani, Dr. G. Mortazavi *, J. Eslami, S.M.J Mortazavi
Background: Although it is one of the most toxic nonradioactive elements, mercury is widely used in dental amalgam. Mercury is a toxic element which can damage various organs such as central nervous system, renal, respiratory and hematologic systems. The adverse health impacts associated to exposure to some common sources of electromagnetic fields including laptop computers, mobile phones, MRI and mobile phone jammers have been evaluated by our laboratory in our previous investigations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of X ray exposure on microleakage of amalgam restoration. Materials and Methods: Standardized class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 46 non-carious freshly extracted human premolars. The teeth were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental group were exposed to X-ray using an intraoral radiography machine at 60 kVp, 0.1 s, 7 mA with 2.5 mm Al total filtration. The absorbed dose was 245.0 ± 0.5 µGy. All specimens were placed in 2 % basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours. Then the specimens were sectioned and microleakage was assessed according to dye penetration using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: Microleakage was significantly higher in the X-ray exposed teeth compared to those of the non-irradiated samples. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that X-ray exposure increased microleakage of amalgam restorations
Mortazavi SM, Mortazavi SA, Paknahad M.
Genet Mol Res. 2016 Nov 3;15(4). doi: 10.4238/gmr15049464. No abstract available.
PMID: 27820653
Mortazavi S, Mortazavi S, Paknahad M.
Endocrine. 2016 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 27688012
Mortazavi S, Mortazavi G, Paknahad M.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Sep 24. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 27665462
Mortazavi SMJ.
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2017 Oct 25. doi: 10.1002/em.22143. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 29067715
Mortazavi SAR, Mortazavi G, Mortazavi SMJ.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 31;609:1. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.131. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
PMID: 28732291
Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi SAR, Paknahad M.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2017 Oct;44:414-415. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.07.029. Epub 2017 Aug 1. No abstract available.
PMID: 28778768
Mortazavi SMJ.
Acta Paediatr. 2017 Sep 1. doi: 10.1111/apa.14055. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 28862780
Mortazavi SMJ.
Am J Epidemiol. 2017 Oct 5:1. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx315. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 29036398
Mortazavi SMJ.
Phys Med. 2017 Oct 12. pii: S1120-1797(17)30472-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.10.002. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 29032028
Mortazavi SMJ.
Bioelectromagnetics. 2017 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/bem.22082. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 28980326
used for radiaon shielding can affect the magnitude of radiaon aenuaon.
Over the past years, applicaon of nano-structured materials in radiaon
shielding has aracted aen on world-wide. The purpose of this study was to
invesgate the shielding properes of the lead-free shields containing micro
and nano-sized WO3 against low energy x-rays. Materials and Methods: The
radiaon shields were constructed using nano and micro WO3 parcles
incorporated into an EPVC polymer matrix. The aenuaon coefficients of the
designed shields were evaluated for low energy x-rays (diagnosc radiology
energy range). Results: The results indicate that nano-structured WO3/PVC
shields have higher photon aenuaon properes compared to those of the
micro-sized samples. Conclusion: Our experiment clearly shows that the
smaller size of nano-structured WO3 parcles can guarantee a beer
radiaon shielding property. However, it is too early to draw any conclusion
on the possible mechanisms of enhanced aenuaon of nano-sized WO3
parcles.
Keywords: Radia on, aenua on, micro, Nano, WO3, in diagnos c
radiology, X-ray.
Abstract
Due to the importance of neural stem cells (NSCs) in plasticity of the nervous system and treating neurodegenerative diseases, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted from a GSM 900-MHz mobile phone with different exposure duration on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of adult murine NSCs in vitro. We used neurosphere assay to evaluate NSCs proliferation, and immunofluorescence assay of neural cell markers to examine NSCs differentiation. We also employed alamarBlue and caspase 3 apoptosis assays to assess harmful effects of mobile phone on NSCs. Our results showed that the number and size of resulting neurospheres and also the percentage of cells differentiated into neurons decreased significantly with increasing exposure duration to GSM 900-MHz radiofrequency (RF)-electromagnetic field (EMF). In contrast, exposure to GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF at different durations did not influence cell viability and apoptosis of NSCs and also their astrocytic differentiation. It is concluded that accumulating dose of GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF might have devastating effects on NSCs proliferation and neurogenesis requiring more causations in terms of using mobile devices.
Keywords: Electromagnetic fields; Cell phones; Neural stem cells; Radiofrequency; Microwaves; Cell proliferation; Cell differentiation; Apoptosis
We read this paper with interest. It claims that the method proposed by the authors for non-contact induction heating of metallic implants is feasible and appears to be effective in vitro to limit the survival of various bacteria (including spore-forming bacteria) and yeast. Although the paper addresses a challenging issue, it has some shortcomings. The first is that the authors did not compare the advantages and disadvantages of their proposed modality with other more effective and convenient methods. For example, it is well documented that ultrasound interactions with metallic objects can lead to increased temperature (1,2).
Therefore, it seems that non-contact heating of implants by ultrasound would also be effective in reducing bacterial load in vitro. However, over the past years, we have shown that bacteria may become more resistant to chemical or physical stresses due to the induction of an “adaptive response” after pre-exposure to low levels of the same or other types of stress (3). Recently, we have shown that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) can make microorganisms resistant to antibiotics (4). As the response of bacteria to different antibiotics after exposure to RF-EMFs is non-linear (5), any use of RF-EMFs on bacteria should be undertaken with caution. Therefore, any unjustified use of RF-EMFs in the management of infection can threaten our lives through induction of these adaptive phenomena.
References:
1. Behrens BJ, Beinert H. Physical Agents: Theory and Practice. Third ed. F. A. Davis, 2014.
2. Andrades AO, Mazzanti A, Beckmann DV, et al. Heating produced by therapeutic ultrasound in the presence of a metal plate in the femur of canine cadavers. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 2014;66:1343-1350.
3. Ghiassi-nejad M, Mortazavi SM, Cameron JR, Niroomand-rad A, Karam PA. Very high background radiation areas of Ramsar, Iran: preliminary biological studies. Health Phys 2002;82:87-93.
4. Taheri M, Mortazavi SM, Moradi M, et al. Evaluation of the Effect of Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted From Wi-Fi Router and Mobile Phone Simulator on the Antibacterial Susceptibility of Pathogenic Bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Dose Response 2017;15:1559325816688527.
5. Taheri M, Mortazavi SM, Moradi M, et al. Klebsiella pneumonia, a Microorganism that Approves the Non-linear Responses to Antibiotics and Window Theory after Exposure to Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz Electromagnetic Radiofrequency Radiation. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015;5:115-120. Conflict of Interest None declared.
ShareShare Comments on "Non-contact electromagnetic induction heating for eradicating bacteria and yeasts on biomaterials"
LikeComments on "Non-contact electromagnetic induction heating for eradicating bacteria and yeasts on biomaterials"CommentShareShare Comments on "Non-contact electromagnetic induction heating for eradicating bacteria and yeasts on biomaterials"
Background: The health effect of rapidly increasing everyday exposure of humans to radiofrequency radiation is a major global concern. Mobile phone jammers prevent the mobile phones from receiving signals from base stations by interfering with authorized mobile carriers’ services. In spite of the fact that mobile jammer use is illegal, they are occasionally used in offices, shrines, conference rooms and cinemas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological effects of short term exposure of human sperm to radiofrequency radiation emitted from a commercial mobile phone jammer. Materials and Methods: Fresh semen samples were obtained by masturbation from 50 healthy donors who had referred with their wives to Infertility Treatment Center at the Mother and Child Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Female problem was diagnosed as the reason for infertility in these couples. The semen sample of each participant was divided into 4 aliquots. The first aliquot was subjected to swim-up and exposed to jammer radiation. The second aliquot was not subjected to swim-up but was exposed to jammer radiation. The third and fourth aliquots were not exposed to jammer radiation but only the 3rd aliquot was subjected to swim-up. Results: Semen samples exposed to radiofrequency radiation showed a significant decrease in sperm motility and increase in DNA fragmentation. Conclusion: Electromagnetic radiation in radiofrequency range emitted from mobile phone jammers may lead to decreased motility and increased DNA fragmentation in human semen. It can be concluded that mobile phone jamming might exert adverse reproductive health effects.
M. Paknahad, A. Dehghani, S. Jarideh, M. Haghani, H. Mozdarani, Dr. G. Mortazavi *, J. Eslami, S.M.J Mortazavi
Background: Although it is one of the most toxic nonradioactive elements, mercury is widely used in dental amalgam. Mercury is a toxic element which can damage various organs such as central nervous system, renal, respiratory and hematologic systems. The adverse health impacts associated to exposure to some common sources of electromagnetic fields including laptop computers, mobile phones, MRI and mobile phone jammers have been evaluated by our laboratory in our previous investigations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of X ray exposure on microleakage of amalgam restoration. Materials and Methods: Standardized class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 46 non-carious freshly extracted human premolars. The teeth were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental group were exposed to X-ray using an intraoral radiography machine at 60 kVp, 0.1 s, 7 mA with 2.5 mm Al total filtration. The absorbed dose was 245.0 ± 0.5 µGy. All specimens were placed in 2 % basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours. Then the specimens were sectioned and microleakage was assessed according to dye penetration using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: Microleakage was significantly higher in the X-ray exposed teeth compared to those of the non-irradiated samples. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that X-ray exposure increased microleakage of amalgam restorations
Mortazavi SM, Mortazavi SA, Paknahad M.
Genet Mol Res. 2016 Nov 3;15(4). doi: 10.4238/gmr15049464. No abstract available.
PMID: 27820653
Mortazavi S, Mortazavi S, Paknahad M.
Endocrine. 2016 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 27688012
Mortazavi S, Mortazavi G, Paknahad M.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Sep 24. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 27665462
SMJ Mortazavi
SMJ Mortazavi
In book: Biological Responses, Monitoring and Protection from Radiation Exposure, Chapter: The Challenging Issue of High Levels of Background Radiation and Cancer Incidence in Ramsar, Iran, Publisher: Nova Science Publishers, Editors: K.P. Mishra
1. Long-term EMF treatment can provide general cognitive benefit to very old Alzheimer's Tg mice and normal mice, as well as reversal of advanced Aβ neuropathology in Tg mice without brain heating.
2. The necessity of looking at the other side of the coin of the health effects of mobile phone radiation
3. The visual reaction time of university students significantly decreases after a 10 min exposure to radiofrequency radiation emitted by a mobile phone.
4. Occupational exposures to radar radiations decrease the reaction time in radar workers.
5. RF radiation may have a role in protecting against cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.
6. Pre-exposure of mice to radiofrequency radiation emitted by a GSM mobile phone increases their resistance to a subsequent Escherichia coli infection.
7. Radiofrequency-induced phenomena may have very important applications in long term space missions.
8. Exposure to microwave radiation may induce a significant survival adaptive response after exposure to lethal doses of gamma rays.
Some areas of Ramsar, a city in northern Iran are among the world’s wellknown inhabited areas with highest levels of natural radiation. Annual exposure levels in these areas are up to 260 mGy y‐1 and the mean exposure rate is about 10 mGy y‐1 for a population of about 2000 residents. If elevated levels of natural radiation as high as a few hundred mSv per year is detrimental to health and leads to higher risks of genetic abnormalities and cancer, it should be evident in the residents of areas such as Ramsar. However, it has been reported that no detrimental biological effects have ever been detected in high natural background radiation areas. Some studies indicate that Ramsar residents not only show a significant increase in DNA repair but also demonstrate induction of radioadaptive response. There is currently a great debate over the shape of the dose‐response curve for stochastic effects such as mutations and cancer after exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. Linear‐no‐threshold (LNT) model predicts that every dose, no matter how low, carries some cancer risk. Lack of any proven detrimental effect in the residents of high natural background radiation areas of Ramsar may be due to the induction of nonlinear dose‐response relationships which are not compatible with the widely accepted LNT hypothesis.
Mortazavi S, Mozdarani H. Non-linear phenomena in biological findings of the residents of high background radiation areas of Ramsar. International Journal of Radiation Research. 2013; 11 (1) :3-9
SMJ Mortazavi, Ph.D
Professor of Medical Physics & Radiobiology
Medical Physics & Medical Engineering Department
and the Center for Research on Radiological Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
E-mail: mmortazavi@sums.ac.ir
Source: http://www.sums.ac.ir/~mmortazavi/ramsar.html
Humans, animals and plants have been exposed to natural radiation since the creation of life. Interestingly, life evolved in a radiation field that was much more intense than today. The annual effective radiation dose from natural and man-made sources for the world's population is about 3 mSv, which includes exposure to alpha radiation from radon and its progeny nuclides. Nearly 80% of this dose (2.4 mSv) comes from natural background radiation, although levels of natural radiation can vary greatly. Ramsar, a northern coastal city in Iran, has areas with some of the highest levels of natural radiation measured to date. The effective dose equivalents in very high background radiation areas (VHBRAs) of Ramsar in particular in Talesh Mahalleh, are a few times higher than the ICRP-recommended radiation dose limits for radiation workers.
Inhabitants who live in some houses in this area receive annual doses as high as 132 mSv from external terrestrial sources. The radioactivity of the high background radiation areas (HBRAs) of Ramsar is due to Ra-226 and its decay products, which have been brought to the surface by the waters of hot springs. There are more than 9 hot springs with different concentrations of radium in Ramsar that are used as spas by both tourists and residents.
According to the results of the surveys performed to date the radioactivity seems primarily to be due to the radium dissolved in mineral water and secondarily to travertine deposits having elevated levels of thorium combined with lesser concentrations of uranium (Sohrabi 1990). Due to extraordinary levels of natural radiation in these areas, in some cases 55-200 times higher than normal background areas, some experts have suggested that dwellings having such high levels of natural radiation need urgent remedial actions (Sohrabi 1997). In spite of this, many inhabitants still live in their unaltered paternal dwellings.
The preliminary results of cytogenetical, immunological and hematological studies on the residents of high background radiation areas of Ramsar have been previously reported (Mortazavi et al. 2001, Ghiassi-Nejad et al. 2002 and Mortazavi et al. in press), suggesting that exposure to high levels of natural background radiation can induce radioadaptive response in human cells. Lymphocytes of Ramsar residents when subjected to 1.5 Gy of gamma rays showed fewer induced chromosome aberrations compared to residents in a nearby control area whose lymphocytes were subjected to the same radiation dose. Despite the fact that in in vitro experiments lymphocytes of some individuals show a synergistic effect after pretreatment with a low dose(Mortazavi et al. 2000), none of the residents of high background radiation areas showed such a response.
Based on results obtained in studies on high background radiation areas of Ramsar, high levels of natural radiation may have some bio-positive effects such as enhancing radiation-resistance. More research is needed to assess if these bio-positive effects have any implication in radiation protection (Mortazavi et al. 2001). The risk from exposure to low-dose radiation has been highly politicized for a variety of reasons. This has led to a frequently exaggerated perception of the potential health effects, and to lasting public controversies.
Current radiation protection recommendations are based on the predictions of an assumption on linear, no-threshold dose-effect relationship (LNT).Beneficial effects and lack of detriment after irradiation with low levels of ionizing radiation, including a prolonged exposure to high levels of natural radiation of the inhabitants of HBRAs, are inconsistent with LNT (Mortazavi et al. 1999).
Our preliminary results suggest that prolonged exposure to very high levels of natural radiation could lead to the induction of radiation resistance among exposed individuals, which has interesting implications for many aspects of radiation protection policy.
The phenomenon of radioresistance in living organisms has long been a matter of interest for scientists. Experiments on Drosophila nebulosa collected in the woods of a high background radiation area in Brazil indicated the addition of some genes caused the radioresistance found in these flies compared to flies collected from adjacent control woods. In humans it is also possible that genetic alterations have occurred over the span of many generations to induce the radioresistance noted in our study. More research is needed to clarify the mechanisms that make individuals radioresistant.
There are many other areas with high levels of background radiation around the world, and epidemiological studies have indicated that natural radiation in these areas is not harmful for the inhabitants. Results obtained in our study are consistent with the hypothesis that a threshold possibly separates the health effects of natural radiation from the harm of large doses. This threshold seems to be much higher than the greatest level of natural radiation.
Radon levels in some dwellings of Ramsar are up to 3700 Bq/m3 (over 100 pCi/L). The people and their ancestors exposed to abnormally high radiation levels over many generations. If a radiation dose of a few hundred mSv per year is detrimental to health causing genetic abnormalities or an increased risk of cancer, it should be evident in these people. Ramsar was divided into eight health districts and a health center provided primary health services in each health district. Indoor radon concentration levels were previously measured in each dwelling by the Iranian Nuclear Regulatory Authority experts. The overall cancer mortality, lung cancer mortality and neonatal death rate of different districts in the years from 2000 to 2001 were collected. The radon prone houses were located in a district named Ramak. Our study showed that the highest lung cancer mortality rate was in Galesh Mahaleeh, where the radon levels were normal. On the other hand, the lowest lung cancer mortality rate was in Ramak, where the highest concentrations of radon in the dwellings were found.
References
1. Ghiassi-nejad, M; Mortazavi, SMJ; Cameron, JR; Niroomand-rad, A; Karam, PA; Very High Background Radiation Areas of Ramsar, Iran: Preliminary Biological Studies. Health Physics, 82(1): 87-93, 2002.
2. Mortazavi SMJ, M. Ghiassi-Nejad and M. Rezaiean. Cancer risk due to exposure to high levels of natural radon in the inhabitants of Ramsar, Iran in: High Levels of Natural Radiation and Radon Areas: Radiation Dose and Health Effects, T. Sugahara, M. Morishima, M. Sohrabi, Y Sasaki, I. Hayata, and S. Akiba Eds, pp. 436-437, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2005.
3. Mortazavi, S.M.J., Karam, P.A. Apparent lack of radiation susceptibility among residents of the high background radiation area in Ramsar, Iran: can we relax our standards? (2005) Radioactivity in the Environment, 7 (C), pp. 1141-1147.
4. Mortazavi, S.M.J., Shabestani-Monfared, A., Ghiassi-Nejad, M., Mozdarani, H. Radioadaptive responses induced in lymphocytes of the inhabitants in Ramsar, Iran (2005) International Congress Series, 1276, pp. 201-203.
5. Mortazavi SMJ, Mozdarani H. Is it time to shed some light on the black box of health policies regarding the inhabitants of the high background radiation areas of Ramsar? Iranian Journal of Radiation Research. 2012;10(3-4):111-6.
6. Mortazavi SMJ, Niroomand-Rad A, Mozdarani H, Roshan-Shomal P, Razavi-Toosi SMT, Zarghani H. Short-term exposure to high levels of natural external gamma radiation does not induce survival adaptive response. Iranian Journal of Radiation Research. 2012;10(3-4):165-70.
7. Mortazavi SMJ, Mozdarani H. Non-linear phenomena in biological findings of the residents of high background radiation areas of Ramsar. International Journal of Radiation Research. 2013;11(1):3-9.
""
FCCC Seminar,
This presentation explains the limitations of physical shielding and introduces a novel multi-task approach for reducing the potential risk of exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation during a long-term manned mission (e.g. Mars mission).
Another shortcoming of this study is due to ignoring the role of some basic confounding factors.
For example, the authors have simply ignored the significant link between exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of smartphones and the level of plasma melatonin [6, 7]. It should be noted that based on the findings obtained in ophthalmological examinations, melatonin can prevent destruction of neurosensory cells, associative and gangliolar neurons in the retina[8]. The protective role of melatonin in some retinal problems is confirmed by other studies performed recently [9-12].
References
[1] S. Mortazavi, J. Ahmadi, and M. Shariati, "Prevalence of subjective poor health symptoms associated with exposure to electromagnetic fields among university students," Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 28, pp. 326-330, 2007.
[2] S. M. J. Mortazavi, A. Habib, A. H. Ganj-Karimi, R. Samimi-Doost, A. Pour-Abedi, and A. Babaie, "Alterations in TSH and thyroid hormones following mobile phone use," Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 34, pp. 299-300, 2015.
[3] S. M. J. Mortazavi, M. Atefi, and F. Kholghi, "The pattern of mobile phone use and prevalence of self-reported symptoms in elementary and junior high school students in Shiraz, Iran," Iranian journal of medical sciences, vol. 36, pp. 96-103, 2011.
[4] S. Mortazavi, M. Rouintan, S. Taeb, N. Dehghan, A. Ghaffarpanah, Z. Sadeghi, et al., "Human short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones decreases computer-assisted visual reaction time," Acta neurologica belgica, vol. 112, pp. 171-175, 2012.
[5] M. Movvahedi, A. Tavakkoli-Golpayegani, S. Mortazavi, M. Haghani, Z. Razi, M. Shojaie-Fard, et al., "Does exposure to GSM 900 MHz mobile phone radiation affect short-term memory of elementary school students?," Journal of pediatric neurosciences, vol. 9, p. 121, 2014.
[6] S. Singh, K. V. Mani, and N. Kapoor, "Effect of occupational EMF exposure from radar at two different frequency bands on plasma melatonin and serotonin levels," Int J Radiat Biol, vol. 91, pp. 426-34, May 2015.
[7] M. El-Helaly and E. Abu-Hashem, "Oxidative stress, melatonin level, and sleep insufficiency among electronic equipment repairers," Indian J Occup Environ Med, vol. 14, pp. 66-70, Sep 2010.
[8] N. A. Stefanova, A. A. Zhdankina, A. Fursova, and N. G. Kolosova, "[Potential of melatonin for prevention of age-related macular degeneration: experimental study]," Adv Gerontol, vol. 26, pp. 122-9, 2013.
[9] A. L. Gramajo, G. E. Marquez, V. E. Torres, C. P. Juarez, R. E. Rosenstein, and J. D. Luna, "Therapeutic benefit of melatonin in refractory central serous chorioretinopathy," Eye (Lond), vol. 29, pp. 1036-45, Aug 2015.
[10] T. Jiang, Q. Chang, J. Cai, J. Fan, X. Zhang, and G. Xu, "Protective Effects of Melatonin on Retinal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy," Oxid Med Cell Longev, vol. 2016, p. 3528274, 2016.
[11] G. Ozdemir, Y. Ergun, S. Bakaris, M. Kilinc, H. Durdu, and E. Ganiyusufoglu, "Melatonin prevents retinal oxidative stress and vascular changes in diabetic rats," Eye (Lond), vol. 28, pp. 1020-7, Aug 2014.
[12] D. Zephy and J. Ahmad, "Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Role of melatonin and oxidative stress," Diabetes Metab Syndr, vol. 9, pp. 127-31, Apr-Jun 2015.
Although the paper authored by Daokar et al. addresses a challenging issue, it has some shortcomings. One of the shortcomings of this study comes from this point that the authors have ignored substantial evidence which indicates the role of exposure to electromagnetic fields (e.g. mobile phones, Wi-Fi and cordless phones) on oxidative stress induction [20-23]. It should be noted that in modern life, due to rapid advances in telecommunication technology, we are all surrounded by electromagnetic fields produced by a variety of sources. Daokar et al. in their study collected saliva samples before restoration and 24 h, 7 days, and 14 days after restoration. Therefore, alterations observed in salivary oxidative stress (MDA levels) could be simply due to frequent use of mobile phones or cordless phones.
Furthermore, it has been shown that exposure to low levels of mercury from dental amalgam fillings affects kidney tubular functions via oxidative stress[24]. As mercury level can be linked to oxidative stress, the key role of exposure to electromagnetic fields on the accelerated release of mercury from amalgam restorations that is fully addressed in our previous publications cannot be ignored [25-27]
Choi et al. have recently published a paper entitled “Sound Waves Induce Neural Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Ryanodine Receptor-Induced Calcium Release and Pyk2 Activation” in Appl Biochem Biotechnol (2016), DOI 10.1007/s12010-016-2124-6. Although Choi et al. have addressed a very challenging issue, their study has some shortcomings. First of all, despite these authors have addressed the role of exposure to electromagnetic fields as a good tool for enhancing the neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), they have limited their discussion only to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (50 Hz). On the other hand, as any form of wave (either electromagnetic or mechanical) transfer energy and can be regarded as a physical stress, Choi et al. did not discuss the similarities and differences between the effects of sound waves and electromagnetic radiation on the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Moreover, as shown in Figure 1 of their paper, the cell culture dish was placed inside the incubator at a distance of 10 cm from the speaker aperture to minimize the influence of mechanical vibrations. They reported that ”In this experiment, the center frequency was 1 kHz and the SPL was 81 dB”. These authors did not consider this basic point that in their experiment sound waves should pass through the glass to reach the cultured cells. The acoustic impedance (Z) of air is much less than that of the glass and this great difference reflects nearly 100% of the incoming sound wave intensity.