Publications by Ana Carina Azevedo
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, 2019
This article describes the main characteristics of Portuguese production structures and the natio... more This article describes the main characteristics of Portuguese production structures and the national labour force during the First World War. In addition to highlighting the impacts of the conflict on industry, it also portrays some of the war's effects on workers and how the world of work was influenced by the challenges of this time period. The years of World War I were witness not only to a brutal repression of the labour and unionist movement, but also an important production of legislation on the world of work.
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Horizonte, 2011
The relationship between the Catholic Church and the Estado Novo was a very close on... more The relationship between the Catholic Church and the Estado Novo was a very close one. Nevertheless, in the sixties, a sector of the Catholic Church began parting from the government’s prime directives, in particular the ones concerning the colonial policy, becoming protagonist of actions against the war and the regime’s dictatorial character. The winds of change provoked by Vatican II that, at the time, ran through the Holy See were not indifferent to the whole situation, being related to the Portuguese Catholic opposition chronologically, tactically and ideologically speaking. In fact, the Portuguese Catholics could not stay indifferent to the reflections motivated by documents as the Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et Spes or the previous encyclical Pacem in Terris, that were perfectly adapted to the national situation. The Church’s and the Portuguese colonial policy’s opposing guidelines made some Catholics to make a stand, preventing them of “serving two masters”.
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Mundos do Trabalho, 2012
The research on scientific management in Portugal still needs further development, in ... more The research on scientific management in Portugal still needs further development, in spite of the advances carried out in recent years. Despite the huge development of these principles in the country after World War II, some important improvements in working methods are visible since early twentieth century, mainly the increasing preoccupations of rationalization in order to enhance production and decrease expenses. These early experiences are imperative to understand the introduction and the spread of a scientific system of work organization after 1945.
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Horizonte, 2015
While analyzing the period of greater affirmation of scientific management in Portugal... more While analyzing the period of greater affirmation of scientific management in Portugal, it began to become clear the presence of a generation of technicians linked to the Catholic Action and its youth movements, especially the “Juventude Universitária Católica”. These individuals were a constant presence in the publications regarding the subject and they were also present in leading positions of State organisms related to labor, such as the National Institute of Industrial Research and the “Ministério das Corporações”. When we tried to understand the cause of this reality, our research led us to the Catholic discourse about labor and made us understand how this concern was related to the attempt to re-Christianize the society from within. Crossing sources from the Holy See, the Catholic Action and Portuguese publications related to labor, we intended to reconstruct a speech - the only that exists regarding the scientific management in Portugal - and a reality that had been forgotten and that will help us understand some of the characteristics of the process of development of scientific management in the country between 1945 and 1974.
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Revista de História da Sociedade e da Cultura, 2016
The decades that followed the end of World War II witnessed in Portugal the affirma... more The decades that followed the end of World War II witnessed in Portugal the affirmation of scientific management’s study and development. Many points of view appeared and are stated in journals and books as well as on debates that took place at the “Assembleia Nacional” and at the “Câmara Corporativa”. Based on the journals of these sessions between 1945 and 1974 including references to the topic, this article aims to analyse how the problems related to scientific management were understood in these two organisms. Examining the arguments and visions in presence, we aim to understand the logic behind the application of these principles in Portugal.
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Revista Portuguesa de História , 2016
Scientific management has acquired a new vitality after the end of World War II when some ... more Scientific management has acquired a new vitality after the end of World War II when some organizations started to dedicate themselves to the study and development of these methods. In industry, the National Institute of Industrial Research presented a great importance, being responsible not only for the organization of a wide range of studies and training in Portugal and abroad, but also for several contacts with a number of international organizations. National Institute of Industrial Research became, in fact, a major player in the country’s internationalization process.
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Mátria XXI, 2016
The study and practiceof scientific management in Portugal developedmostly after World War II. ... more The study and practiceof scientific management in Portugal developedmostly after World War II. In fact, these decades are the 'golden age' of scientific management in the country, when private and public organizationswere created in order to develop these principles in industry, agriculture and administration. The new challenges that Portugal facedafter the end of the war were responsible for this situation,despite the resistance of the regime.
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Estudos do CEPE. Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Econômicas, 2017
After the end of World War II, Portugal witnessed the development of scientific management. At th... more After the end of World War II, Portugal witnessed the development of scientific management. At the administrative level, the Ministry of Finance takes the lead in the process through the Research Office “António José Malheiro”, starting to study the working methods
used and the alternatives that could lead to the increase of the productivity levels. This article tries to analyze the action of the Research Office in order to train specialists and develop scientific management in the Ministry.
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Mátria Digital, 2017
After World War II, the Portuguese Public Administration began to give a greater attention to sci... more After World War II, the Portuguese Public Administration began to give a greater attention to scientific management. This article intends to defend that this trend wasalsorelated to the impact of some international logics widespreadedby the United Nations or the International Institute of AdministrativeSciences, not to mention the growing international interest in the reform of State Administration that began in those decades. Analyzing the action of some organisms that were directly responsible for the development of Public Administration, it is concluded that, despite fears and hesitations, the Portuguese Government ended up allowing the creation of organisms that developed scientific management in Portuguese Public Administration, and permitted the establishment of foreign contacts and the participation of technicians in training activities abroad.
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Mátria Digital , 2018
After the end of World War II, Portugal had to adapt its productive structure to th... more After the end of World War II, Portugal had to adapt its productive structure to the new economic reality to achieve greater economic development, and to overcome the weaknesses that appeared during the world conflict. However, the option for industrialization defended by the industrialists would have to face the country’s characteristics and the regime's priorities. The creation of the National Institute for Industrial Research shows how “Estado Novo” looked at industrialization. It also presents the tension between the need for industrial development and the defence of the regime's priorities.
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Locus - Revista de História , 2020
In the mid-1960s Portugal, a focus is placed on studies regarding
the national Public Ad... more In the mid-1960s Portugal, a focus is placed on studies regarding
the national Public Administration and its relation to economic development. In 1965, Working Group No. 14 was created within the Commission for Planning and Economic Integration, which would
remain active until 1969. Subdivided into five subgroups, this organisation was responsible for the most profound studies on the Portuguese Public Administration carried out during the “Estado Novo”. Consequently, the Secretariat for Administrative Reform would
also be created in 1967. The analysis of its largely unpublished reports shows that the conclusions of Working Group No. 14 were due to the studies that had been made since 1950 and they were also responsible for the decisions taken in the reform program presented in 1968.
The agenda for each subgroup reflects the priorities assigned to the reform of the Central Administration since the previous decade: the
conditions of public servants, the problems of organization and methods, the administrative reform and its relations with the process of economic and social development.
Using the documentation produced by the five subgroups, this article intends to focus on the studies developed by Working Group no. 14, to unveil its main conclusions and their impact on the process that would give rise to the bases of the Administrative Reform program presented by the “Estado Novo” in 1968.
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Revista de Administração Pública, 2019
In the late 1960s, Portugal began a project for public administration reform in order to adapt th... more In the late 1960s, Portugal began a project for public administration reform in order to adapt the national structures to the new challenges of the decade. At the same time, internationally, governments were struggling to improve their levels of efficiency to respond better to the demands for economic and social development. These challenges led to the establishment of significant international networks responsible for the dissemination of principles and practices that encouraged and supported administrative reforms all over the world. This article intends to prove that the Portuguese project of administrative reform is a product of several international incentives. It also intends to show how this process began after the end of World War II and followed international guidelines to fulfil national objectives. Reformar a Administração Pública no novo mundo saído da guerra. Projeto nacional ou dinâmica global? (1950-1970) No final da década de 1960, Portugal iniciou um processo de Reforma da Administração Pública que pretendia adequar as estruturas do Estado às novas lógicas do período e aos desafios por ele lançados. Entretanto, também internacionalmente, as administrações públicas lutavam para melhorar seus níveis de eficiência para responder às lógicas do desenvolvimento econômico e social. A importância desse desafio conduziu ao estabelecimento de importantes redes de disseminação de princípios e práticas de Reforma da Administração Pública que incentivam e suportam experiências por todo o mundo. Este artigo busca evidenciar a forma como o projeto de Reforma Administrativa português foi devedor de impulsos internacionais variados, em um processo que se iniciou logo após a Segunda Guerra Mundial e que seguiu linhas internacionais para cumprir objetivos nacionais. Palavras-chave: Portugal; Estado novo; administração pública; desenvolvimento econômico e social; dinâmicas internacionais. Reformar la Administración Pública en el nuevo mundo posguerra. ¿Proyecto nacional o dinámica global? (1950-1970) A fines de la década de los sesenta Portugal emprendió un proceso de reforma de su administración pública que pretendía adecuar las estructuras del Estado a las nuevas lógicas y desafíos lanzados en ese período. El mismo esfuerzo se estaba realizando a nivel internacional para mejorar los niveles de eficiencia y responder a los propósitos generales de desarrollo económico y social. La importancia de dicho desafío condujo a la creación de importantes redes de diseminación de principios y prácticas de reforma de la administración pública, que incentivan y sustentan experiencias en todo el mundo. Este artículo pretende mostrar cómo el proyecto portugués de reforma administrativa fue deudor de esos diversos impulsos internacionales, en un proceso que se inició inmediatamente después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y que siguió las recomendaciones internacionales para cumplir objetivos nacionales. Palabras clave: Portugal; Estado Nuevo; administración pública; desarrollo económico y social; dinámicas internacionales.
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WORKING PAPERS FOZTUA – Série E – Ensaios e Estudos, WP E.27/2014, 2014
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Papers by Ana Carina Azevedo
UID/HIS/04209/2019 SFRH/BPD/113250/2015In the late 1960s, Portugal began a project for public adm... more UID/HIS/04209/2019 SFRH/BPD/113250/2015In the late 1960s, Portugal began a project for public administration reform in order to adapt the national structures to the new challenges of the decade. At the same time, internationally, governments were struggling to improve their levels of efficiency to respond better to the demands for economic and social development. These challenges led to the establishment of significant international networks responsible for the dissemination of principles and practices that encouraged and supported administrative reforms all over the world. This article intends to prove that the Portuguese project of administrative reform is a product of several international incentives. It also intends to show how this process began after the end of World War II and followed international guidelines to fulfil national objectives.publishersversionpublishe
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Resumo Este artigo analisa a acao do Secretariado da Reforma Administrativa, o primeiro orgao cen... more Resumo Este artigo analisa a acao do Secretariado da Reforma Administrativa, o primeiro orgao central de coordenacao da reforma administrativa criado pelo Estado Novo portugues. Alem de ter como objetivo a apresentacao da atuacao de um organismo ainda bastante desconhecido da historiografia, devido ao desaparecimento do seu espolio arquivistico, este artigo pretende desvendar a relacao entre a decisao politica de dar inicio a reforma administrativa e as idiossincrasias e prioridades do regime no final da decada de 1960. Para atingir esses objetivos e contornar a falta do referido espolio, recorreu-se a analise de debates parlamentares, legislacao e publicacoes da epoca, bem como a variada documentacao ministerial. Argumenta-se que a criacao do Secretariado foi devedora do impacto das logicas de planeamento economico que marcaram a segunda metade dos anos de 1960 e que os objetivos apresentados pelo organismo procuraram ser resposta as prioridades politicas que acabariam por marcar a...
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HORIZONTE, 2011
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Locus: Revista de História, 2020
Em meados da década de 1960, tem lugar em Portugal uma aposta nos estudos sobre a Administração P... more Em meados da década de 1960, tem lugar em Portugal uma aposta nos estudos sobre a Administração Pública nacional e a sua relação com o desenvolvimento económico. Em 1965 é criado o Grupo de Trabalho n.º 14, no seio da Comissão Interministerial de Planeamento e Integração Económica, que permaneceria em funções até 1969. Subdividido em cinco subgrupos, este organismo foi responsável pelos mais aturados estudos sobre a Administração Pública Portuguesa realizados durante o Estado Novo. Dos seus trabalhos nasceria, em 1967, o Secretariado da Reforma Administrativa.A análise dos relatórios produzidos, em grande medida inéditos, permite entender que as conclusões do Grupo de Trabalho n.º 14 foram, simultaneamente, devedoras do caminho trilhado desde 1950 e responsáveis pelas decisões apresentadas no programa de reforma de 1968. De facto, a ordem de trabalhos de cada subgrupo reflete as prioridades atribuídas, desde a década anterior, à reforma da Administração Central: a situação dos funci...
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Revista de História da Sociedade e da Cultura
Entre as décadas de 1930 e 1960, a relação entre o grau de eficiência da Administração Pública e ... more Entre as décadas de 1930 e 1960, a relação entre o grau de eficiência da Administração Pública e a situação económica e social do funcionalismo encontra-se bastante presente ao nível da Assembleia Nacional e da Câmara Corporativa. Às características que o funcionalismo apresentava, aliava-se o aumento da atração que o setor privado exercia em termos de melhores remunerações e benefícios sociais. Neste contexto, aumentar a eficácia da Administração Pública passava por melhorar a situação económica e social dos funcionários públicos. Não obstante alguns discursos defenderem a reforma administrativa como caminho para esta melhoria, torna-se visível que o Estado privilegiou soluções de caráter social. Um processo que conduziria a melhorias concretas, apesar de insuficientes, na vida de uma parte relevante do funcionalismo, criando lógicas que acabariam por ser prosseguidas após a Revolução de 1974 e que, muitas das vezes, são unicamente conotadas com o período democrático.
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Revista Portuguesa de História
Desde os anos de 1950 vinham a desenvolver-se estudos e reflexões em torno da necessidade de melh... more Desde os anos de 1950 vinham a desenvolver-se estudos e reflexões em torno da necessidade de melhorar o nível de produtividade da Administração Pública portuguesa. São feitas algumas tentativas de simplificação e desburocratização do trabalho administrativo, porém, estas mantêm-se parciais e não chegam a apresentar um plano de conjunto. Para superar estas limitações tornava-se necessário que as medidas reformistas fossem sistematizadas e coordenadas com os objetivos do desenvolvimento económico e social. E, para tal, deveria ser estabelecido um órgão técnico central impulsionador e coordenador da reforma. Sendo constantemente adiado, apenas em 1965 seria dado um passo concreto para a sua criação, com o surgimento do Grupo de Trabalho n.º 14 no seio da Comissão Interministerial de Planeamento e Integração Económica. Este organismo foi incumbido dos estudos preparatórios para a reforma administrativa e acabaria por ser responsável pela criação do órgão central afeto à mesma: o Secreta...
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Publications by Ana Carina Azevedo
used and the alternatives that could lead to the increase of the productivity levels. This article tries to analyze the action of the Research Office in order to train specialists and develop scientific management in the Ministry.
the national Public Administration and its relation to economic development. In 1965, Working Group No. 14 was created within the Commission for Planning and Economic Integration, which would
remain active until 1969. Subdivided into five subgroups, this organisation was responsible for the most profound studies on the Portuguese Public Administration carried out during the “Estado Novo”. Consequently, the Secretariat for Administrative Reform would
also be created in 1967. The analysis of its largely unpublished reports shows that the conclusions of Working Group No. 14 were due to the studies that had been made since 1950 and they were also responsible for the decisions taken in the reform program presented in 1968.
The agenda for each subgroup reflects the priorities assigned to the reform of the Central Administration since the previous decade: the
conditions of public servants, the problems of organization and methods, the administrative reform and its relations with the process of economic and social development.
Using the documentation produced by the five subgroups, this article intends to focus on the studies developed by Working Group no. 14, to unveil its main conclusions and their impact on the process that would give rise to the bases of the Administrative Reform program presented by the “Estado Novo” in 1968.
Papers by Ana Carina Azevedo
used and the alternatives that could lead to the increase of the productivity levels. This article tries to analyze the action of the Research Office in order to train specialists and develop scientific management in the Ministry.
the national Public Administration and its relation to economic development. In 1965, Working Group No. 14 was created within the Commission for Planning and Economic Integration, which would
remain active until 1969. Subdivided into five subgroups, this organisation was responsible for the most profound studies on the Portuguese Public Administration carried out during the “Estado Novo”. Consequently, the Secretariat for Administrative Reform would
also be created in 1967. The analysis of its largely unpublished reports shows that the conclusions of Working Group No. 14 were due to the studies that had been made since 1950 and they were also responsible for the decisions taken in the reform program presented in 1968.
The agenda for each subgroup reflects the priorities assigned to the reform of the Central Administration since the previous decade: the
conditions of public servants, the problems of organization and methods, the administrative reform and its relations with the process of economic and social development.
Using the documentation produced by the five subgroups, this article intends to focus on the studies developed by Working Group no. 14, to unveil its main conclusions and their impact on the process that would give rise to the bases of the Administrative Reform program presented by the “Estado Novo” in 1968.
territórios sob administração portuguesa (Decreto de 25 de fevereiro de 1869) e os 100 anos da criação da OIT – Organização Internacional do Trabalho (Tratado de Versalhes de 1919, Parte XIII).