Papers by Aderoju Monsor
Urban Heat Island is a phenomenon in which the temperature of an urban area is several degrees hi... more Urban Heat Island is a phenomenon in which the temperature of an urban area is several degrees higher than its immediate sub-urban area. This paper was aimed at using satellite Remote Sensing and Geographic Information system (GIS) to investigate the urban heat Island in Akure. The study employed the Radiative Transfer Method in estimating Land Surface Temperature (LST) using Landsat ETM+ acquired on the 3rd January, 2002 with a spatial resolution of 30m which is sufficient for measurement of some important environmental parameters. The result of this study showed that the effect of Urban Heat Island (UHI) is not always at the center of the city but sometime in the outskirt where a lot of developmental activities were going on toward the direction of expansion of Akure. It was shown that the most extensive Urban Heat Island (UHI) was distributed in the central part of the Central Business District, comprising of the popular market (Oja-Oba), high court road and Alagbaka government area.
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Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important climatic factor in both ecological and climate stu... more Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important climatic factor in both ecological and climate studies. LST is the temperature recorded at the interface between the earth surface and the immediate atmosphere. The need to predict and manage the potential impact of climate change due to increased surface temperature necessitates an accurate study on micro level. This paper was aimed at demonstrating the potential use of satellite Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) for monitoring changes in Land surface temperature and vegetation over Akure city in Ondo state, Nigeria. The study employed the spatial modeler tool of the ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2 software in estimating Land Surface Temperature (LST) acquired from Landsat TM and ETM+ satellite imageries for January 1991 and 2011 and also, air temperature data from Nigeria meteorological agency from 1986-2011. Result shows that the mean annual air temperature was 26.71OC for the period of 25years while the January land surface temperature was 25.46OC in 1991 and 28.85OC in 2011, indicating a 3.4OC rise in January surface temperature. Also, observed was the significant shift in the landuse and landcover over the study area resulting to a reduction in forest and vegetation cover from 89% in 1991 to 23% in 2011, while built-up areas recorded a massive increment from 7% to 74%. However, the built-up lands indicate an expansion of urbanization away from the city center towards the outskirts.
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Ineffective solid waste management constitutes a major environmental problem in urban areas, Minn... more Ineffective solid waste management constitutes a major environmental problem in urban areas, Minna, Nigeria inclusive. This study analysed the spatial patterns of waste dump sites and the health hazards associated with the observed patterns. Also, the study identified possible areas at risk of health hazards; suggests the most suitable location for dump sites and sorting centers for municipal solid wastes; and provides a framework for sustainable solid waste management in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. The data used for this study were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The primary source involved the use of GPS receiver to obtain the coordinates of dump sites and pictorial evidence were taken with a digital camera showing open dumps. Also, a set of 144 questionnaires were used to obtain information about people’s perception of solid waste disposal and management. The secondary data used included the IKONOS image of Minna with 3.2m resolution in multispectral was obtained from Google earth in July 2010. The spatial analyses of the phenomena of interest were done on the basis of the 13 existing administrative districts in the town. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents to the questionnaires used for the study. The Google earth satellite imagery was zoomed to a satisfactory resolution and the areas of interest were clipped using corel draw and then joined together through mosaicing. Thereafter, the required remote sensing, GIS and cartographic operations were performed. Results show that there were 31 major dumpsites in Minna which are situated within built-up areas mostly along major roads and watercourses. The proximity analysis based on the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) used at distances 1000m, 500m and 250m showed that built-up areas, major roads, and watercourses fall within buffer range to dumpsites. The identified built-up areas within a distance of 1000m to dumpsites location showed that Bosso Estate, Myper, Dutsen kuran, Western by pass, Maitunbi, Tunga, Chanchanga, Shango, Kpakungun, Sokakahuta are at risk of possible environmental problems. Buffering analysis also revealed that Rivers Bako, Sauke and Gora were within a distance of 500m to dumpsites and is therefore at risk of pollution by the dumpsite constituents. In addition, 1000m buffering analysis showed that Paiko Road, Western by pass, Eastern by pass, and Zungeru Road are prone to littering by dumpsite constituents when aided by wind or human. These major roads are also liable to the risk of incinerator smoke which hampers the visibility of road users as shown by the query analysis. Furthermore, result showed that the most common waste generated in the study area is plastic (40.9%). It also revealed that 65.9% practice open dumps disposal system and only 59.1% of inhabitants disposes their waste daily. Malaria was reported by 86.4% of the respondents as the most important health problem in the town. Also, 61.4% of inhabitants depend on ground water as their means of water supply. The study also identified points free of intersection among dumpsites, built-up areas, watercourses and major roads at a distance of 3500m as most suitable sites for dumpsites and sorting centres. The study concludes that waste management with it attendant problems still constitute a major challenge in the study area and suggests the 3R’s model as framework for effective solid waste management in the town.
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Rapid industrial, commercial and economic growth in Warri as a result of oil exploration activiti... more Rapid industrial, commercial and economic growth in Warri as a result of oil exploration activities has led to a continual increasing urbanization. This promotes flooding with excess rainfall due to the total impervious cover of the area and the unsanitary habit of people dumping refuse into stream channels, drains and also building along the flood pathways. Land cover change for the period 1987, 2002 and 2007of Warri was investigated using satellite remote sensing data. The investigation was necessitated to determine the changes over time and how this changes influence urban flooding in Warri Metropolis Delta State, Nigeria. Landsat images of the study area for the years 1987, 2002, 2007 show that in 1987 total built-up area was 83.15km2 (16.7%) and by 2007 it was 236.76km (43.7%) this reflect an annual frequency of change of 1.09%. Marginal areas and vegetation were converted to residential areas which increased the total impervious cover of the study area and generally increased the peak runoff. The conversion of marginal areas also reduced the channel capacity thus leading to flooding. Questionnaires were also administered using the stratified and systematic sampling methods to get information on how the respondents perceive the cause of flood in the area, the data generated was subjected to ANOVA statistical tool using SPSS. The correlation matrix between Annual rainfall and frequency of flooding show that at P<0.01, r = 0.460 indicating a very significant relationship. The single Factor ANOVA, F >F crit at P < 0.05 showed that an uncoordinated or unregulated urbanization activities is similar in all the flood zones (Warri 1- Warri 4).
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On the 16th of May, 2001, the first Global System for Mobile Communications: originally called Gr... more On the 16th of May, 2001, the first Global System for Mobile Communications: originally called Groupe Spécial Mobile (GSM) call was made in Nigeria, thereby opening communication among the teaming population in the country. Given the mode of operation of GSM technology, Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) are required for the provision of GSM services. Consequently, network of base stations were established in areas that enjoyed the GSM services all over Nigeria. However, studies have shown that exposure to GSM radiations are linked to health hazards such as fatigue, headache, decreased concentration, dizziness, local irritation, tumour induction, sperm motility, morphology and viability, cancer, especially brain tumour and leukaemia, viral and infectious diseases. Given these potential health impacts of BTS on humans, the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) established guidelines for National Environmental Standards for Telecommunications and Broadcasting Facilities. The guidelines provided for the establishment of BTS within a minimum setback of ten (10) meters from the perimeter wall (fence) of residential/business premises, schools and hospitals. Similarly, where there is no perimeter wall (fence), the BTS must be at a minimum of twelve (12) meters from the wall of residential/business premises schools and hospitals. Consequently, using spatial analysis techniques, this study examined compliance of GSM service providers with the established guidelines for the mounting of BTS within three Abuja districts in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT); namely, Utako, Garki and Wuse. All the 119 BTS sampled in the study failed the 10m and 12m buffer zone tests. As a result, policy prescription was made on the way forward.
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Nigeria as a nation experienced flooding incidents that claims many lives render many homeless an... more Nigeria as a nation experienced flooding incidents that claims many lives render many homeless and also disrupts environmental and socio-economic activities in recent times. With the 2012 flood, causing a devastating effect on the country especially states along the rivers Niger and Benue with huge destruction to the rural and urban infrastructure. In a way to mitigate the extent of damage and casualties during a flood disaster, the study is aimed at promoting the use of Nigerian Satellites in flood disaster preparedness, and response for emergency management. The study also identifies the stakeholders in disaster and emergency management to collaborate with the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) and National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) towards attaining a sustainable disaster risk management in Nigeria, and adopt a conceptual framework for improving flood disaster preparedness and response in emergency management using Nigerian Satellite data and other ancillary data. The approach employed was a combination of satellite imagery, imagery intelligence and geospatial information with the help of Information Communication Technology to plan ahead for any flood event during the pre-disaster phase. The incorporation of geospatial techniques using the Nigerian earth observation and communication satellites in flood disaster and emergency management will help emergency relief distribution and budget planning for any flood disaster provided there is synergy, commitment and information sharing among stakeholders.
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Nigeria as a nation is experiencing a tremor in its National security based on the indiscriminate... more Nigeria as a nation is experiencing a tremor in its National security based on the indiscriminate bombings and killings in the country which is attributed to religious, political and/ or ethnic fight. The United States defense has used geospatial intelligence to manage its national security in the past years and it has yielded by the cracking down of the big terrorist and terrorist organization in the world. This was achieved by its massive investment and commitment in its space programs. In bid to emulate the US, this study aimed to promote geospatial intelligence amongst the Nigerian Security Agencies towards achieving a stable National Security. Also, the study identified the relevant agencies to collaborate with the security agencies to promote synergy towards a stable national security in Nigeria; and provides a framework for improving and managing National Security using geospatial intelligence approach. The approach employed was a combination of satellite imagery, imagery intelligence and geospatial information with the help of ICT to tackle the identified sectors that makes up national security (micro (internal), macro (regional) and strategic (world at large)). The incorporation of geospatial intelligence in the micro, macro and strategic security sectors will strengthen our National Security provided there is synergy, commitment and information sharing among relevant agencies.
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Nigeria as a nation suffers the effect of Climate Change majorly through flood events. Recent flo... more Nigeria as a nation suffers the effect of Climate Change majorly through flood events. Recent flood disasters in Nigeria have been of major concern to people, communities and institutions. Flash floods are the most common in Nigeria during the peak of the rainy season (June-October) and the 2012 flood event in Nigeria is described as the worst in recent times. Kogi State was the most affected state due to its location at the confluence of the country’s major rivers (Niger-Benue Rivers). The flood events have pushed rivers to overflow their banks submerging hundreds of kilometers of the urban and rural land in Kogi State which is beyond description and has attracted humanitarian assistance from both national and international organization. In a bid to mitigate the extent of damage and casualties during a flood disaster, this study aimed at assessing, mapping and analyzing the 2012 flood disaster in Kogi state, Nigeria for an effective flood disaster risk management and proper planning. Satellites imageries [MODIS of 20th October, 2008 (before) and 13th October 2012 (during) and provided by NASA; Nigeria Sat-X of 2012 and SPOT 5 of 2002], Base map of Kogi State, SRTM DEM, GPS coordinates; and flood pictorial evidence acquired during field survey were integrated to map flood plain, analyse the spatial extent of inundation and disaster risk areas. It was deduced that 73 communities in 7 Local governments Area (LGA) in Kogi state which are Lokoja, Kotokarfi, Bassa, Ajaokuta, Ofu, Idah and Ibaji were directly affected by the flood in 2012 and the estimated number of Internally Displaced Person (IDP) was about 303thousand. Also agricultural lands and farm produce were destroyed. Residence and major infrastructures like schools, health centres and transportation routes were fully inundated and destroyed making some communities inaccessible. This study showed that the natural flood plain boundary was not exceeded by the flooding, but due to high fertile land for farming activities in flood plain areas. As their major source of economic survival, the inhabitants have generated a strong affinity for these affected areas.
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Conference Presentations by Aderoju Monsor
Urban Heat Island is a phenomenon in which the temperature of an urban area is several degrees hi... more Urban Heat Island is a phenomenon in which the temperature of an urban area is several degrees higher than its immediate sub-urban area. This paper was aimed at using satellite Remote Sensing and Geographic Information system (GIS) to investigate the urban heat Island in Akure. The study employed the Radiative Transfer Method in estimating Land Surface Temperature (LST) using Landsat ETM+ acquired on the 3rd January, 2002 with a spatial resolution of 30m which is sufficient for measurement of some important environmental parameters. The result of this study showed that the effect of Urban Heat Island (UHI) is not always at the center of the city but sometime in the outskirt where a lot of developmental activities were going on toward the direction of expansion of Akure. It was shown that the most extensive Urban Heat Island (UHI) was distributed in the central part of the Central Business District, comprising of the popular market (Oja-Oba), high court road and Alagbaka government area.
Key Words; Urban Heat Island (UHI), Remote sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalize Differential Vegetative Index (NDVI), Land Use (LU), Land Cover (LC).
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Papers by Aderoju Monsor
Conference Presentations by Aderoju Monsor
Key Words; Urban Heat Island (UHI), Remote sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalize Differential Vegetative Index (NDVI), Land Use (LU), Land Cover (LC).
Key Words; Urban Heat Island (UHI), Remote sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalize Differential Vegetative Index (NDVI), Land Use (LU), Land Cover (LC).