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Islem Saadaoui

University of sousse , tunisia, Higher agronomic institute, Post-Doc

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Islem Saadaoui. Ph.D. The University of Sousse. Higher agronomic institute. Post-Doc interested in Planning, Rural Development, Sustainable Development, Land-use Dynamics, Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture, Food security systems and Food Land Belts, Actually working on ecosystem dynamics and land use changes in Tunisians mountains, periurban agriculture, and food land belts in western cities.

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Noureddine GAALOUL

Université de Carthage

Josepha I Wessels

Malmö University

Free University of Bozen-Bolzano

MIRZA S H A H A B BAIG

Irène Carpentier

CIRAD

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Papers by Islem Saadaoui

The Landscape Instrumentalization In Favor Of Traditional Practices Of Water-Control Under Arid Conditions: The Case Of Southern Tunisia

TIJ's Research Journal of Social Science & Management - RJSSM, 2015

This research was carried out in the littoral oasis of Gabes and Medenine region, located in the ... more This research was carried out in the littoral oasis of Gabes and Medenine region, located in the South East of Tunisia. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to characterize the physical and agronomic environment of the oasis and to identify the ancestral techniques used by farmers for the landscape conservation of the arid zones. A study through the analysis of the required data of Agricultural Ministry and Arid Region Institute of Medenine accompanied by a field survey allows us to characterize the landscape of Gabes Oasis and that of Djeffara plain. The landscape reading was led to Medenine through the application of quotation method of Neuray (1982) to value the arid landscape. Analysis of the land use map of Gabes and that of Djeffara plain show a rich agricultural landscape, we notice diversification of agricultural activities. We note through investigation results that the oasis landscape includes several production systems of which the most important is the arboriculture ...

Characterization of landscapes in the central- west of Tunisia: Wadis of Feriana in keeping with the landscape of the mountains

The delegation of Feriana, located at the south of the governorship of Kasserine in the central w... more The delegation of Feriana, located at the south of the governorship of Kasserine in the central west of Tunisia, is characterized by the presence of a series of mountainous links and an important drain of the wadis. The spatial analysis, through the analyses of the cards with the help of a software SIG, data weather and data of the Ministry of agriculture, makes it possible to characterize the landscape of the mountains and to reveal the importance of the water resources in the area. The climate of Feriana isa Mediterranean climate with continental aspect marked by the irregularity of rainfall and its contrasted seasons. Thus the study shows that the geographical and climatic factors work the landscapes of this area. The mountains are part of the Southern zone of Djebel Chaambi, and occupy all the Northern zone of the delegation (Common of Bouchebka). These rugged reliefs are covered by an important forest vegetation that occupies 20 651 ha which is 13.1% of the total forest surface of the Governorship of Kasserine. The wadis are 43 wadis that the most important are “Bouhaya Wadi” and “BouChebka Wadi”. The majority of the wadis are located especially on the mountainous links (Djebel Bouchebkha and Djebel Feriana), creating a specific landscape of the mountains of the area. The landscape analysis of the territories of the area of Feriana revealed the importance of the landscapes of the mountains on the ecological plan and the principal role that they play of in the construction of atypical landscape of the area of Feriana.

Contribution to the study of the flora in the central-west of Tunisia: landscape dynamics and evaluation of plant biodiversity of mountain Bouchebka

Biodiversity Conservation and Strategies of Public Awareness. Case Study: The Natural Landscapes of Central Tunisia

Present Environment and Sustainable Development, 2018

This research examines global issues concerning the development of mountain areas considered as t... more This research examines global issues concerning the development of mountain areas considered as territories difficult to manage. The case study area is part of the sub-region of High Alpine Steppes belonging to the Tunisian Ridge and reaching Tebessa Mountains in Algeria. The central question of this article is based on the analysis of the links between the representations produced by mountain landscapes and the construction of a border line that must meet the requirements of sustainable development. Eco-landscape determinants and the role of public authorities and population must be better defined so that the products of this space provide a better quality of life endowed with the alternatives of local and sustainable development. Our hypothesis is that the mountain areas of West Central Tunisia still have a real ecological potential little disturbed by a chimerical development, and can constitute assets for the territorial development of the area. The approach adopted by this work...

Of Natural Aspects in

Belonging to the Tunisian dorsal mountains, Bouchebka has a typical landscape of the west-central... more Belonging to the Tunisian dorsal mountains, Bouchebka has a typical landscape of the west-central region of Tunisia. It is distinguished by the importance of the forest area which covers 92 % of the area of the region and the importance of rugged relief. Bouchebka forests part of the great mass of Aleppo pines, located on the plateau between the DjebelChambi and Tébessa mountains cover an area of 19,700 ha. Its mountainous terrain, smoothness and exceptional abundance of sources are the cause of its physical and natural characteristics. The purpose of this research was to reveal the importance of the study area for ecological plans and to help realize its true potential as a multifunctional landscape area. To achieve our goals, analytical research tools based on several interdisciplinary analyses, in particular the cartographic interpretation and delineation of natural and landscape zoning were developed. The obtained results reflect the importance of this territory from the perspec...

Anthropized Agrarian Landscape in the Central-west of Tunisia: Attempts to Evaluate the Production’s Systems of Apples-trees Orchards in the Delegation of Sbiba

The delegation of Sbiba is characterized by a specific agricultural st& it is the “true oasis” of... more The delegation of Sbiba is characterized by a specific agricultural st& it is the “true oasis” of the Central-west of Tunisia. This study consists in characterizing the agrarian landscape as “a product” of the agricultural systems. On the basis of the apple orchards example, we try to create a reflection on the articulations between material and ideational dimensions of the landscape production through transdisciplinary analysis; spatial and agricultural analysis. The results showed that the systems of production of apple orchards at Sbiba are characterized especially by the micro properties, 65% of orchards superficies are lower than 5 ha, even so, apple's productions remain fairly important (10 t/ha). The perception of the agrarian landscape with the use of the Quotation method shows that this zone is a rural region characterized by its agricultural aspect and an abundance of apple orchards.

Agrarian Landscape in the Delegation of Sbiba: Evaluation of Landscape Dynamics in an Agricultural Area

This study is carried out during 2013 in the delegation of Sbiba, which is located in the central... more This study is carried out during 2013 in the delegation of Sbiba, which is located in the central west of Tunisia. This area is characterized by the arable abundance of the lands that occupies 60% of the total surface area of the delegation. The objective of this work is to reveal the importance of the agricultural sector and to present the major changes that this sector lived during more than four decades. To achieve our goals, an analytical research based on several transdisciplinary tools, in particular, the carto-interpretation, and then a

The Landscapes of Mountains in the Northeast of Tunisia: Evaluation Essay of Landscape Potential of Djebel Zaghouan

The delegation of Zaghouan, which is located in the northeast of Tunisia, is characterized by a v... more The delegation of Zaghouan, which is located in the northeast of Tunisia, is characterized by a very specific natural landscape, the scenery of the mountains. Through a spatial analysis of land use map of the governorate in a scale of 1/400 000, a landscaped characterization of the mountains of the region was established by the synchronization of the spatial analysis with the method of quotation of NEURAY. The results of the spatial analysis, using the software ArcMap 9.3 showed that Zaghouan is a zone characterized by varied

Transboundary landscapes of mountains in the central-west of Tunisia between human actions and policies of public management

The mountains of Bouchebka, in the central-west of Tunisia, form a natural and identity wealth of... more The mountains of Bouchebka, in the central-west of Tunisia, form a natural and identity wealth of the region; it is about a joint natural landscape between Tunisia and Algeria. Given, the geographical position, the climatic constraints and the difficulties of the access; the intervention of the territories developers will be thus essential. In this regard, our study arises; it is to seek the possibility of inserting the territories in the development of public policies from a socio-economic study of the environment, which aims to set up a project called eco-green, this project is the establishment of an ecological leisure park. Using a contingent valuation method which is essentially based on inquiries and the socio-economic and factor analysis, it was possible to reveal the results of these evaluations seem very encouraging, in fact, 90% of respondents are willing to pay a well-defined as an active contribution of local actors consent, this contribution varies according to age, sex...

Social value of conservation of the apple orchards landscape: Application of the contingent valuation method to the landscape of the Governorate of Kasserine

International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2014

La dynamique du paysage pommoïcole à Foussana dans le Centre-Ouest Tunisien

_____________________________________________________ Résumé La délégation de Foussana située au ... more _____________________________________________________ Résumé La délégation de Foussana située au centre-ouest du Gouvernorat de Kasserine, l'objet de notre étude, se caractérise par un timbre rural et agricole. L'objectif de cette étude s'articule sur la caractérisation paysagère de l'espace agricole à Foussana et l'étude de sa biodiversité floristique. Une spatialisation à travers l'analyse de la carte d'occupation du sol de la délégation de Foussana et une caractérisation paysagère du secteur agricole ont été établies par la production des cartes thématiques en utilisant un logiciel SIG (Arc Map V 9.3), des statistiques agricoles du Ministère d'Agriculture et des données météorologiques. La méthode utilisée est basée aussi sur les relevés phytologiques afin de caractériser la flore actuelle en déterminant la diversité spécifique floristique. Les résultats ont montré que le régime climatique à Foussana est du type APHE, où les taux des pluviométries saisonnières sont descendants du l'automne vers l'été. Les paysages agraires de la région sont caractérisés jusqu'aujourd'hui par un timbre pluvial. Mais il existe aussi une culture en état de développement : la pommoïculture qui présente 50% des vergers arboricoles en irrigation dans la région. Le secteur arboricole dans la région représente le secteur le plus important en termes économiques. La délégation de Foussana fournit 35% de la production des pommes à l'échelle régionale (Gouvernorat fournisseur de 45% de la production nationale). Parcourir les territoires paysagers de la région de Foussana révèle une typologie d'un paysage d'agriculture pluviale et un autre d'agriculture irriguée, qui est surtout le paysage pommoïcole. Le spectre des espèces floristiques récoltées indique une prédominance des espèces cultivées, adventices et de friches rudérales ce qui témoigne un territoire dominé par des espaces boisés et herbeux, prédominance qui dénote d'une action anthropique remarquable sur le site d'étude.

Social value of conservation of the apple orchards landscape: Application of the contingent valuation method to the landscape of the Governorate of Kasserine

International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2014

Paysage agricole intensif au centre-ouest tunisien : Essai d’une gestion intégrée écopommoïcole à Foussana

In countries with arid and semi-arid climate such as Tunisia, the over-exploitation of ground wat... more In countries with arid and semi-arid climate such as Tunisia, the over-exploitation of ground water resources became intolerable, in particular that of the delegation of Foussana located in the mid-west of Tunisia, object of this study. This situation of overexploitation requires the characterization of the agricultural landscape and the characterization of water resources using a Geographical Information System SIG: ArcGis 9.3. The approach followed in this work is articulate on the installation of an agricultural and hydrological database; these plans of information were combined by methods of multicriterion analysis through the software ArcMap 9.3 to produce cards sets of themes which make it possible to describe the agricultural landscape in this area and to represent the hydrological potentialities of Foussana. Spatialization presents one of the best approaches to characterize the landscape of the area. Thus, this work enabled us to traverse the territories while revealing the wealth in water resources which present a factor supporting the differentiation of the agrarian landscapes in a typology of "rainfed agriculture" (83.4%) and of "modernized agriculture" (16.5%) requires large amounts of water. The irrigated area accounts 179.6 ha (between cultivations of cereals, arboriculture, truck farming and fodder) in 1980, to attain 4620 ha in 2010, for example the apple orchard landscape very demanding of water factor, which accounts for 50% of arboriculture sector in the study zone.

La dynamique du paysage pommoïcole à Foussana dans le Centre-Ouest Tunisien

_____________________________________________________ Résumé La délégation de Foussana située au ... more _____________________________________________________ Résumé La délégation de Foussana située au centre-ouest du Gouvernorat de Kasserine, l'objet de notre étude, se caractérise par un timbre rural et agricole. L'objectif de cette étude s'articule sur la caractérisation paysagère de l'espace agricole à Foussana et l'étude de sa biodiversité floristique. Une spatialisation à travers l'analyse de la carte d'occupation du sol de la délégation de Foussana et une caractérisation paysagère du secteur agricole ont été établies par la production des cartes thématiques en utilisant un logiciel SIG (Arc Map V 9.3), des statistiques agricoles du Ministère d'Agriculture et des données météorologiques. La méthode utilisée est basée aussi sur les relevés phytologiques afin de caractériser la flore actuelle en déterminant la diversité spécifique floristique. Les résultats ont montré que le régime climatique à Foussana est du type APHE, où les taux des pluviométries saisonnières sont descendants du l'automne vers l'été. Les paysages agraires de la région sont caractérisés jusqu'aujourd'hui par un timbre pluvial. Mais il existe aussi une culture en état de développement : la pommoïculture qui présente 50% des vergers arboricoles en irrigation dans la région. Le secteur arboricole dans la région représente le secteur le plus important en termes économiques. La délégation de Foussana fournit 35% de la production des pommes à l'échelle régionale (Gouvernorat fournisseur de 45% de la production nationale). Parcourir les territoires paysagers de la région de Foussana révèle une typologie d'un paysage d'agriculture pluviale et un autre d'agriculture irriguée, qui est surtout le paysage pommoïcole. Le spectre des espèces floristiques récoltées indique une prédominance des espèces cultivées, adventices et de friches rudérales ce qui témoigne un territoire dominé par des espaces boisés et herbeux, prédominance qui dénote d'une action anthropique remarquable sur le site d'étude.

Agrarian landscape in the delegation of Sbiba: Evaluation of landscape dynamics in an agricultural area

delimitation of natural and landscape zoning was invented. Also a phytological study was conducte... more delimitation of natural and landscape zoning was invented. Also a phytological study was conducted to prove the anthropic influence on the floristic distribution of biodiversity in the agricultural landscape of the zone. The results show that the apple tree crops are the primordial agricultural sector of the region, they occupy 42.2% of the fruit-tree crops. This region is the supply of 45% of the national production, the irrigated sector had had sudden deep changes since the 1920s. The introduction of the perimeters irrigated to the delegation of Sbiba helped evolve the occupancy rate of the grounds from 35% in 1981 to 91%. We also notice through the factorial analysis of the statements phytologic an anthropic action that threatens the durability of the floristic biodiversity of agrarian landscape in Sbiba.

Mountain Landscapes in Central West Tunisia: Essay of Evaluation of Natural Aspects in Bouchebka’s Mountain

Belonging to the Tunisian dorsal mountains, Bouchebka has a typical landscape of the west-central... more Belonging to the Tunisian dorsal mountains, Bouchebka has a typical landscape of the west-central region of Tunisia. It is distinguished by the importance of the forest area which covers 92 % of the area of the region and the importance of rugged relief. Bouchebka forests part of the great mass of Aleppo pines, located on the plateau between the DjebelChambi and Tébessa mountains cover an area of 19,700 ha. Its mountainous terrain, smoothness and exceptional abundance of sources are the cause of its physical and natural characteristics. The purpose of this research was to reveal the importance of the study area for ecological plans and to help realize its true potential as a multifunctional landscape area. To achieve our goals, analytical research tools based on several interdisciplinary analyses, in particular the cartographic interpretation and delineation of natural and landscape zoning were developed. The obtained results reflect the importance of this territory from the perspective of natural and landscape resources and the necessity of the state intervention and civil society to become engaged for the preservation of this natural heritage.

Transboundary landscapes of mountains in the central-west of Tunisia between human actions and policies of public management

International Journals of Multidisciplinary Research Academy (IJMRA), 2015

The mountains of Bouchebka, in the central-west of Tunisia, form a natural and identity wealth of... more The mountains of Bouchebka, in the central-west of Tunisia, form a natural and identity wealth of the region; it is about a joint natural landscape between Tunisia and Algeria. Given, the geographical position, the climatic constraints and the difficulties of the access; the intervention of the territories developers will be thus essential. In this regard, our study arises; it is to seek the possibility of inserting the territories in the development of public policies from a socio-economic study of the environment, which aims to set up a project called eco-green, this project is the establishment of an ecological leisure park. Using a contingent valuation method which is essentially based on inquiries and the socio-economic and factor analysis, it was possible to reveal the results of these evaluations seem very encouraging, in fact, 90% of respondents are willing to pay a well-defined as an active contribution of local actors consent, this contribution varies according to age, sex, income, and education level of the respondents. These results reflect the need for action and response to better manage such space under the pretext of ensuring its sustainability.

.Contribution to the study of the flora in the central-west of Tunisia: landscape dynamics and evaluation of plant biodiversity of mountain Bouchebka

International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2014

The study was conducted during 2013 in Bouchebka, located in the central west of Tunisia.Such ter... more The study was conducted during 2013 in Bouchebka, located in the central west of Tunisia.Such territory has a typical landscape of the transfrontier region. The series of the forest in Bouchebka is a part of the great mass of Aleppo pine. It is distinguished by the importance of the forest area which covers 92 % of the surface area (19,700 ha). The study attempts to inventory the natural vegetation and characterize ecological terms while highlighting the importance of environmental conditions. The method is based on a phytoecological analysis to quantify the floristic richness and diversity of the ecosystem in the forest of mountains in Bouchebka on the basis of floristic surveys and transects distributed in a stratified, systematic sampling in different vegetation formations that were previously distinguished. Statistical analyzes were performed using the Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA). The results show that the forest is composed primarily of the Aleppo pine trees, these forests are characterized by the abundance of young feet (10-25 cm diameter class). The ecosystem includes 12 families and 17 genera, 26 species. Thus the study has identified that the biological spectrum of the study area is characterized by a clear dominance of shrubs (41%) and chamaephytes (32 %). The distribution of plant species is influenced by ecological features of the region: the results show that 82% of species are drought tolerant which shows the arid environment. The region is also characterized by its windy side: 32% of species spread via anemochory. Factor analysis showed a pastoral aspect in the study area, with a presence of cultured human action exerted on the forest land species. Phytological spectrum indicates a predominance of woody species reflecting a territory dominated by open grassy areas, predominantly reflecting an arid climate.

.Characterization of Landscapes in the Central- West of Tunisia: Wadis of Feriana in keeping with the Landscape of the Mountains

European Academic Research, 2014

The delegation of Feriana, located at the south of the governorship of Kasserine in the central w... more The delegation of Feriana, located at the south of the governorship of Kasserine in the central west of Tunisia, is characterized by the presence of a series of mountainous links and an important drain of the wadis. The spatial analysis, through the analyses of the cards with the help of a software SIG, data weather and data of the Ministry of agriculture, makes it possible to characterize the landscape of the mountains and to reveal the importance of the water resources in the area. The climate of Feriana isa Mediterranean climate with continental aspect marked by the irregularity of rainfall and its contrasted seasons. Thus the study shows that the geographical and climatic factors work the landscapes of this area. The mountains are part of the Southern zone of Djebel Chaambi, and occupy all the Northern zone of the delegation (Common of Bouchebka). These rugged reliefs are covered by an important forest vegetation that occupies 20 651 ha which is 13.1% of the total forest surface of the Governorship of Kasserine. The wadis are 43 wadis that the most important are “Bouhaya Wadi” and “BouChebka Wadi”. The majority of the wadis are located especially on the mountainous links (Djebel Bouchebkha and Djebel Feriana), creating a specific landscape of the mountains of the area. The landscape analysis of the territories of the area of Feriana revealed the importance of the landscapes of the mountains on the ecological plan and the principal role that they play of in the construction of atypical landscape of the area of Feriana.

The Landscapes of Mountains in the Northeast of Tunisia: Evaluation Essay of Landscape Potential of Djebel Zaghouan

european academic research, 2014

The delegation of Zaghouan, which is located in the northeast of Tunisia, is characterized by a v... more The delegation of Zaghouan, which is located in the northeast of Tunisia, is characterized by a very specific natural landscape, the scenery of the mountains. Through a spatial analysis of land use map of the governorate in a scale of 1/400 000, a landscaped characterization of the mountains of the region was established by the synchronization of the spatial analysis with the method of quotation of NEURAY. The results of the spatial analysis, using the software ArcMap 9.3 showed that Zaghouan is a zone characterized by varied Islem Saadaoui, Hayet Ilahi, Christopher Robin Bryant, Hichem Rejeb-The Landscapes of Mountains in the Northeast of Tunisia: Evaluation Essay of Landscape Potential of Djebel Zaghouan EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH-Vol. II, Issue 5 / August 2014 6799 and uneven reliefs; we notice alternations of mountains and plains or trays. These hilly landscapes are covered by an important forest vegetation which occupies 64 000 ha that is 123.06 % of the total surface of the governorate. The summit of Djebel Zaghouan reaches 1300 m of height; it is mainly covered by Holm oaks. The method of quotation showed us that the landscapes of Djebel Zaghouan are very rich, in spite of the anthropological action exercised near the mountain, the landscaped value can achieve for certain sights 79.75, what reflects the importance of the landscaped wealth in this zone. To browse the landscape of natural territories in the region revealed the importance of the mountain's landscapes, but we managed to show the leading part of Djebel Zaghouan in the foundation of a typical landscape in this governorate.

The Landscape Instrumentalization In Favor Of Traditional Practices Of Water-Control Under Arid Conditions: The Case Of Southern Tunisia

TIJ's Research Journal of Social Science & Management - RJSSM, 2015

This research was carried out in the littoral oasis of Gabes and Medenine region, located in the ... more This research was carried out in the littoral oasis of Gabes and Medenine region, located in the South East of Tunisia. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to characterize the physical and agronomic environment of the oasis and to identify the ancestral techniques used by farmers for the landscape conservation of the arid zones. A study through the analysis of the required data of Agricultural Ministry and Arid Region Institute of Medenine accompanied by a field survey allows us to characterize the landscape of Gabes Oasis and that of Djeffara plain. The landscape reading was led to Medenine through the application of quotation method of Neuray (1982) to value the arid landscape. Analysis of the land use map of Gabes and that of Djeffara plain show a rich agricultural landscape, we notice diversification of agricultural activities. We note through investigation results that the oasis landscape includes several production systems of which the most important is the arboriculture ...

Characterization of landscapes in the central- west of Tunisia: Wadis of Feriana in keeping with the landscape of the mountains

The delegation of Feriana, located at the south of the governorship of Kasserine in the central w... more The delegation of Feriana, located at the south of the governorship of Kasserine in the central west of Tunisia, is characterized by the presence of a series of mountainous links and an important drain of the wadis. The spatial analysis, through the analyses of the cards with the help of a software SIG, data weather and data of the Ministry of agriculture, makes it possible to characterize the landscape of the mountains and to reveal the importance of the water resources in the area. The climate of Feriana isa Mediterranean climate with continental aspect marked by the irregularity of rainfall and its contrasted seasons. Thus the study shows that the geographical and climatic factors work the landscapes of this area. The mountains are part of the Southern zone of Djebel Chaambi, and occupy all the Northern zone of the delegation (Common of Bouchebka). These rugged reliefs are covered by an important forest vegetation that occupies 20 651 ha which is 13.1% of the total forest surface of the Governorship of Kasserine. The wadis are 43 wadis that the most important are “Bouhaya Wadi” and “BouChebka Wadi”. The majority of the wadis are located especially on the mountainous links (Djebel Bouchebkha and Djebel Feriana), creating a specific landscape of the mountains of the area. The landscape analysis of the territories of the area of Feriana revealed the importance of the landscapes of the mountains on the ecological plan and the principal role that they play of in the construction of atypical landscape of the area of Feriana.

Contribution to the study of the flora in the central-west of Tunisia: landscape dynamics and evaluation of plant biodiversity of mountain Bouchebka

Biodiversity Conservation and Strategies of Public Awareness. Case Study: The Natural Landscapes of Central Tunisia

Present Environment and Sustainable Development, 2018

This research examines global issues concerning the development of mountain areas considered as t... more This research examines global issues concerning the development of mountain areas considered as territories difficult to manage. The case study area is part of the sub-region of High Alpine Steppes belonging to the Tunisian Ridge and reaching Tebessa Mountains in Algeria. The central question of this article is based on the analysis of the links between the representations produced by mountain landscapes and the construction of a border line that must meet the requirements of sustainable development. Eco-landscape determinants and the role of public authorities and population must be better defined so that the products of this space provide a better quality of life endowed with the alternatives of local and sustainable development. Our hypothesis is that the mountain areas of West Central Tunisia still have a real ecological potential little disturbed by a chimerical development, and can constitute assets for the territorial development of the area. The approach adopted by this work...

Of Natural Aspects in

Belonging to the Tunisian dorsal mountains, Bouchebka has a typical landscape of the west-central... more Belonging to the Tunisian dorsal mountains, Bouchebka has a typical landscape of the west-central region of Tunisia. It is distinguished by the importance of the forest area which covers 92 % of the area of the region and the importance of rugged relief. Bouchebka forests part of the great mass of Aleppo pines, located on the plateau between the DjebelChambi and Tébessa mountains cover an area of 19,700 ha. Its mountainous terrain, smoothness and exceptional abundance of sources are the cause of its physical and natural characteristics. The purpose of this research was to reveal the importance of the study area for ecological plans and to help realize its true potential as a multifunctional landscape area. To achieve our goals, analytical research tools based on several interdisciplinary analyses, in particular the cartographic interpretation and delineation of natural and landscape zoning were developed. The obtained results reflect the importance of this territory from the perspec...

Anthropized Agrarian Landscape in the Central-west of Tunisia: Attempts to Evaluate the Production’s Systems of Apples-trees Orchards in the Delegation of Sbiba

The delegation of Sbiba is characterized by a specific agricultural st& it is the “true oasis” of... more The delegation of Sbiba is characterized by a specific agricultural st& it is the “true oasis” of the Central-west of Tunisia. This study consists in characterizing the agrarian landscape as “a product” of the agricultural systems. On the basis of the apple orchards example, we try to create a reflection on the articulations between material and ideational dimensions of the landscape production through transdisciplinary analysis; spatial and agricultural analysis. The results showed that the systems of production of apple orchards at Sbiba are characterized especially by the micro properties, 65% of orchards superficies are lower than 5 ha, even so, apple's productions remain fairly important (10 t/ha). The perception of the agrarian landscape with the use of the Quotation method shows that this zone is a rural region characterized by its agricultural aspect and an abundance of apple orchards.

Agrarian Landscape in the Delegation of Sbiba: Evaluation of Landscape Dynamics in an Agricultural Area

This study is carried out during 2013 in the delegation of Sbiba, which is located in the central... more This study is carried out during 2013 in the delegation of Sbiba, which is located in the central west of Tunisia. This area is characterized by the arable abundance of the lands that occupies 60% of the total surface area of the delegation. The objective of this work is to reveal the importance of the agricultural sector and to present the major changes that this sector lived during more than four decades. To achieve our goals, an analytical research based on several transdisciplinary tools, in particular, the carto-interpretation, and then a

The Landscapes of Mountains in the Northeast of Tunisia: Evaluation Essay of Landscape Potential of Djebel Zaghouan

The delegation of Zaghouan, which is located in the northeast of Tunisia, is characterized by a v... more The delegation of Zaghouan, which is located in the northeast of Tunisia, is characterized by a very specific natural landscape, the scenery of the mountains. Through a spatial analysis of land use map of the governorate in a scale of 1/400 000, a landscaped characterization of the mountains of the region was established by the synchronization of the spatial analysis with the method of quotation of NEURAY. The results of the spatial analysis, using the software ArcMap 9.3 showed that Zaghouan is a zone characterized by varied

Transboundary landscapes of mountains in the central-west of Tunisia between human actions and policies of public management

The mountains of Bouchebka, in the central-west of Tunisia, form a natural and identity wealth of... more The mountains of Bouchebka, in the central-west of Tunisia, form a natural and identity wealth of the region; it is about a joint natural landscape between Tunisia and Algeria. Given, the geographical position, the climatic constraints and the difficulties of the access; the intervention of the territories developers will be thus essential. In this regard, our study arises; it is to seek the possibility of inserting the territories in the development of public policies from a socio-economic study of the environment, which aims to set up a project called eco-green, this project is the establishment of an ecological leisure park. Using a contingent valuation method which is essentially based on inquiries and the socio-economic and factor analysis, it was possible to reveal the results of these evaluations seem very encouraging, in fact, 90% of respondents are willing to pay a well-defined as an active contribution of local actors consent, this contribution varies according to age, sex...

Social value of conservation of the apple orchards landscape: Application of the contingent valuation method to the landscape of the Governorate of Kasserine

International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2014

La dynamique du paysage pommoïcole à Foussana dans le Centre-Ouest Tunisien

_____________________________________________________ Résumé La délégation de Foussana située au ... more _____________________________________________________ Résumé La délégation de Foussana située au centre-ouest du Gouvernorat de Kasserine, l'objet de notre étude, se caractérise par un timbre rural et agricole. L'objectif de cette étude s'articule sur la caractérisation paysagère de l'espace agricole à Foussana et l'étude de sa biodiversité floristique. Une spatialisation à travers l'analyse de la carte d'occupation du sol de la délégation de Foussana et une caractérisation paysagère du secteur agricole ont été établies par la production des cartes thématiques en utilisant un logiciel SIG (Arc Map V 9.3), des statistiques agricoles du Ministère d'Agriculture et des données météorologiques. La méthode utilisée est basée aussi sur les relevés phytologiques afin de caractériser la flore actuelle en déterminant la diversité spécifique floristique. Les résultats ont montré que le régime climatique à Foussana est du type APHE, où les taux des pluviométries saisonnières sont descendants du l'automne vers l'été. Les paysages agraires de la région sont caractérisés jusqu'aujourd'hui par un timbre pluvial. Mais il existe aussi une culture en état de développement : la pommoïculture qui présente 50% des vergers arboricoles en irrigation dans la région. Le secteur arboricole dans la région représente le secteur le plus important en termes économiques. La délégation de Foussana fournit 35% de la production des pommes à l'échelle régionale (Gouvernorat fournisseur de 45% de la production nationale). Parcourir les territoires paysagers de la région de Foussana révèle une typologie d'un paysage d'agriculture pluviale et un autre d'agriculture irriguée, qui est surtout le paysage pommoïcole. Le spectre des espèces floristiques récoltées indique une prédominance des espèces cultivées, adventices et de friches rudérales ce qui témoigne un territoire dominé par des espaces boisés et herbeux, prédominance qui dénote d'une action anthropique remarquable sur le site d'étude.

Social value of conservation of the apple orchards landscape: Application of the contingent valuation method to the landscape of the Governorate of Kasserine

International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2014

Paysage agricole intensif au centre-ouest tunisien : Essai d’une gestion intégrée écopommoïcole à Foussana

In countries with arid and semi-arid climate such as Tunisia, the over-exploitation of ground wat... more In countries with arid and semi-arid climate such as Tunisia, the over-exploitation of ground water resources became intolerable, in particular that of the delegation of Foussana located in the mid-west of Tunisia, object of this study. This situation of overexploitation requires the characterization of the agricultural landscape and the characterization of water resources using a Geographical Information System SIG: ArcGis 9.3. The approach followed in this work is articulate on the installation of an agricultural and hydrological database; these plans of information were combined by methods of multicriterion analysis through the software ArcMap 9.3 to produce cards sets of themes which make it possible to describe the agricultural landscape in this area and to represent the hydrological potentialities of Foussana. Spatialization presents one of the best approaches to characterize the landscape of the area. Thus, this work enabled us to traverse the territories while revealing the wealth in water resources which present a factor supporting the differentiation of the agrarian landscapes in a typology of "rainfed agriculture" (83.4%) and of "modernized agriculture" (16.5%) requires large amounts of water. The irrigated area accounts 179.6 ha (between cultivations of cereals, arboriculture, truck farming and fodder) in 1980, to attain 4620 ha in 2010, for example the apple orchard landscape very demanding of water factor, which accounts for 50% of arboriculture sector in the study zone.

La dynamique du paysage pommoïcole à Foussana dans le Centre-Ouest Tunisien

_____________________________________________________ Résumé La délégation de Foussana située au ... more _____________________________________________________ Résumé La délégation de Foussana située au centre-ouest du Gouvernorat de Kasserine, l'objet de notre étude, se caractérise par un timbre rural et agricole. L'objectif de cette étude s'articule sur la caractérisation paysagère de l'espace agricole à Foussana et l'étude de sa biodiversité floristique. Une spatialisation à travers l'analyse de la carte d'occupation du sol de la délégation de Foussana et une caractérisation paysagère du secteur agricole ont été établies par la production des cartes thématiques en utilisant un logiciel SIG (Arc Map V 9.3), des statistiques agricoles du Ministère d'Agriculture et des données météorologiques. La méthode utilisée est basée aussi sur les relevés phytologiques afin de caractériser la flore actuelle en déterminant la diversité spécifique floristique. Les résultats ont montré que le régime climatique à Foussana est du type APHE, où les taux des pluviométries saisonnières sont descendants du l'automne vers l'été. Les paysages agraires de la région sont caractérisés jusqu'aujourd'hui par un timbre pluvial. Mais il existe aussi une culture en état de développement : la pommoïculture qui présente 50% des vergers arboricoles en irrigation dans la région. Le secteur arboricole dans la région représente le secteur le plus important en termes économiques. La délégation de Foussana fournit 35% de la production des pommes à l'échelle régionale (Gouvernorat fournisseur de 45% de la production nationale). Parcourir les territoires paysagers de la région de Foussana révèle une typologie d'un paysage d'agriculture pluviale et un autre d'agriculture irriguée, qui est surtout le paysage pommoïcole. Le spectre des espèces floristiques récoltées indique une prédominance des espèces cultivées, adventices et de friches rudérales ce qui témoigne un territoire dominé par des espaces boisés et herbeux, prédominance qui dénote d'une action anthropique remarquable sur le site d'étude.

Agrarian landscape in the delegation of Sbiba: Evaluation of landscape dynamics in an agricultural area

delimitation of natural and landscape zoning was invented. Also a phytological study was conducte... more delimitation of natural and landscape zoning was invented. Also a phytological study was conducted to prove the anthropic influence on the floristic distribution of biodiversity in the agricultural landscape of the zone. The results show that the apple tree crops are the primordial agricultural sector of the region, they occupy 42.2% of the fruit-tree crops. This region is the supply of 45% of the national production, the irrigated sector had had sudden deep changes since the 1920s. The introduction of the perimeters irrigated to the delegation of Sbiba helped evolve the occupancy rate of the grounds from 35% in 1981 to 91%. We also notice through the factorial analysis of the statements phytologic an anthropic action that threatens the durability of the floristic biodiversity of agrarian landscape in Sbiba.

Mountain Landscapes in Central West Tunisia: Essay of Evaluation of Natural Aspects in Bouchebka’s Mountain

Belonging to the Tunisian dorsal mountains, Bouchebka has a typical landscape of the west-central... more Belonging to the Tunisian dorsal mountains, Bouchebka has a typical landscape of the west-central region of Tunisia. It is distinguished by the importance of the forest area which covers 92 % of the area of the region and the importance of rugged relief. Bouchebka forests part of the great mass of Aleppo pines, located on the plateau between the DjebelChambi and Tébessa mountains cover an area of 19,700 ha. Its mountainous terrain, smoothness and exceptional abundance of sources are the cause of its physical and natural characteristics. The purpose of this research was to reveal the importance of the study area for ecological plans and to help realize its true potential as a multifunctional landscape area. To achieve our goals, analytical research tools based on several interdisciplinary analyses, in particular the cartographic interpretation and delineation of natural and landscape zoning were developed. The obtained results reflect the importance of this territory from the perspective of natural and landscape resources and the necessity of the state intervention and civil society to become engaged for the preservation of this natural heritage.

Transboundary landscapes of mountains in the central-west of Tunisia between human actions and policies of public management

International Journals of Multidisciplinary Research Academy (IJMRA), 2015

The mountains of Bouchebka, in the central-west of Tunisia, form a natural and identity wealth of... more The mountains of Bouchebka, in the central-west of Tunisia, form a natural and identity wealth of the region; it is about a joint natural landscape between Tunisia and Algeria. Given, the geographical position, the climatic constraints and the difficulties of the access; the intervention of the territories developers will be thus essential. In this regard, our study arises; it is to seek the possibility of inserting the territories in the development of public policies from a socio-economic study of the environment, which aims to set up a project called eco-green, this project is the establishment of an ecological leisure park. Using a contingent valuation method which is essentially based on inquiries and the socio-economic and factor analysis, it was possible to reveal the results of these evaluations seem very encouraging, in fact, 90% of respondents are willing to pay a well-defined as an active contribution of local actors consent, this contribution varies according to age, sex, income, and education level of the respondents. These results reflect the need for action and response to better manage such space under the pretext of ensuring its sustainability.

.Contribution to the study of the flora in the central-west of Tunisia: landscape dynamics and evaluation of plant biodiversity of mountain Bouchebka

International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2014

The study was conducted during 2013 in Bouchebka, located in the central west of Tunisia.Such ter... more The study was conducted during 2013 in Bouchebka, located in the central west of Tunisia.Such territory has a typical landscape of the transfrontier region. The series of the forest in Bouchebka is a part of the great mass of Aleppo pine. It is distinguished by the importance of the forest area which covers 92 % of the surface area (19,700 ha). The study attempts to inventory the natural vegetation and characterize ecological terms while highlighting the importance of environmental conditions. The method is based on a phytoecological analysis to quantify the floristic richness and diversity of the ecosystem in the forest of mountains in Bouchebka on the basis of floristic surveys and transects distributed in a stratified, systematic sampling in different vegetation formations that were previously distinguished. Statistical analyzes were performed using the Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA). The results show that the forest is composed primarily of the Aleppo pine trees, these forests are characterized by the abundance of young feet (10-25 cm diameter class). The ecosystem includes 12 families and 17 genera, 26 species. Thus the study has identified that the biological spectrum of the study area is characterized by a clear dominance of shrubs (41%) and chamaephytes (32 %). The distribution of plant species is influenced by ecological features of the region: the results show that 82% of species are drought tolerant which shows the arid environment. The region is also characterized by its windy side: 32% of species spread via anemochory. Factor analysis showed a pastoral aspect in the study area, with a presence of cultured human action exerted on the forest land species. Phytological spectrum indicates a predominance of woody species reflecting a territory dominated by open grassy areas, predominantly reflecting an arid climate.

.Characterization of Landscapes in the Central- West of Tunisia: Wadis of Feriana in keeping with the Landscape of the Mountains

European Academic Research, 2014

The delegation of Feriana, located at the south of the governorship of Kasserine in the central w... more The delegation of Feriana, located at the south of the governorship of Kasserine in the central west of Tunisia, is characterized by the presence of a series of mountainous links and an important drain of the wadis. The spatial analysis, through the analyses of the cards with the help of a software SIG, data weather and data of the Ministry of agriculture, makes it possible to characterize the landscape of the mountains and to reveal the importance of the water resources in the area. The climate of Feriana isa Mediterranean climate with continental aspect marked by the irregularity of rainfall and its contrasted seasons. Thus the study shows that the geographical and climatic factors work the landscapes of this area. The mountains are part of the Southern zone of Djebel Chaambi, and occupy all the Northern zone of the delegation (Common of Bouchebka). These rugged reliefs are covered by an important forest vegetation that occupies 20 651 ha which is 13.1% of the total forest surface of the Governorship of Kasserine. The wadis are 43 wadis that the most important are “Bouhaya Wadi” and “BouChebka Wadi”. The majority of the wadis are located especially on the mountainous links (Djebel Bouchebkha and Djebel Feriana), creating a specific landscape of the mountains of the area. The landscape analysis of the territories of the area of Feriana revealed the importance of the landscapes of the mountains on the ecological plan and the principal role that they play of in the construction of atypical landscape of the area of Feriana.

The Landscapes of Mountains in the Northeast of Tunisia: Evaluation Essay of Landscape Potential of Djebel Zaghouan

european academic research, 2014

The delegation of Zaghouan, which is located in the northeast of Tunisia, is characterized by a v... more The delegation of Zaghouan, which is located in the northeast of Tunisia, is characterized by a very specific natural landscape, the scenery of the mountains. Through a spatial analysis of land use map of the governorate in a scale of 1/400 000, a landscaped characterization of the mountains of the region was established by the synchronization of the spatial analysis with the method of quotation of NEURAY. The results of the spatial analysis, using the software ArcMap 9.3 showed that Zaghouan is a zone characterized by varied Islem Saadaoui, Hayet Ilahi, Christopher Robin Bryant, Hichem Rejeb-The Landscapes of Mountains in the Northeast of Tunisia: Evaluation Essay of Landscape Potential of Djebel Zaghouan EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH-Vol. II, Issue 5 / August 2014 6799 and uneven reliefs; we notice alternations of mountains and plains or trays. These hilly landscapes are covered by an important forest vegetation which occupies 64 000 ha that is 123.06 % of the total surface of the governorate. The summit of Djebel Zaghouan reaches 1300 m of height; it is mainly covered by Holm oaks. The method of quotation showed us that the landscapes of Djebel Zaghouan are very rich, in spite of the anthropological action exercised near the mountain, the landscaped value can achieve for certain sights 79.75, what reflects the importance of the landscaped wealth in this zone. To browse the landscape of natural territories in the region revealed the importance of the mountain's landscapes, but we managed to show the leading part of Djebel Zaghouan in the foundation of a typical landscape in this governorate.