Interleukin-6, a cytokine produced particularly by triple negative breast cancers, strongly inhib... more Interleukin-6, a cytokine produced particularly by triple negative breast cancers, strongly inhibits T cell responses in the tumor microenvironment. Here we tested cryoablation combined with Meriva (a lecithin delivery system of curcumin with improved bioavailability) in mice with metastatic breast cancer (4T1). Cryoablation involves killing of tumor cells through freezing and thawing, resulting in recruitment of tumor-specific T cells, while curcumin stimulates T cells through the reduction of IL-6 in the TME. Cryoablation plus Meriva accumulated and activated CD8 T cells to multiple tumor-associated antigens such as Mage-b and Survivin (both expressed by 4T1 tumors). This correlated with a nearly complete reduction of 4T1 primary tumors and lung metastases while little effect was observed from saline or Meriva alone (28 days after tumor cell injection). The survival rate in the group of cryoablation plus Meriva was significantly improved compared to all control groups. Using a less aggressive 4T1 model expressing luciferase (4T1.2luc3), we demonstrated that all mice receiving saline or Meriva developed metastases in the lungs and a primary tumor (38 days after tumor cell injection; and died soon after that), but not the mice receiving cryoablation or cryoablation plus Meriva. However, on day 58 the mice receiving cryoablation developed 4T1.2luc3 metastases in the lungs, while mice receiving cryoablation plus Meriva were free of metastases. These results strongly suggest that cryoablation delayed the development of lung metastases on the short-term, but Meriva administered after cryoablation was significantly better in delaying the development of lung metastases and survival on the long-term.
Cancer vaccination is less effective at old than at young age, due to T cell unresponsiveness. Th... more Cancer vaccination is less effective at old than at young age, due to T cell unresponsiveness. This is caused by age-related changes of the immune system. Major immune defects at older age are lack of naïve T cells, impaired activation pathways of T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC), and age-related changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Also innate immune responses are affected by aging, but this seems less abundant than adaptive immune responses. In this review we compared various cancer vaccine studies at young and old age, demonstrating the importance of both innate and adaptive immune responses for cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, we found suggestive evidence that innate immune responses could help improve adaptive immune responses through cancer vaccination in old age.
Recently, we demonstrated that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) ligand cyclic di-guanylate ... more Recently, we demonstrated that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) ligand cyclic di-guanylate (c-di-GMP) is an excellent adjuvant in cancer vaccination but also induces immunogenic tumor cell death. Combination of both pathways resulted in a nearly complete elimination of the metastases in a breast cancer model. This study is discussed below.
Interleukin-6, a cytokine produced particularly by triple negative breast cancers, strongly inhib... more Interleukin-6, a cytokine produced particularly by triple negative breast cancers, strongly inhibits T cell responses in the tumor microenvironment. Here we tested cryoablation combined with Meriva (a lecithin delivery system of curcumin with improved bioavailability) in mice with metastatic breast cancer (4T1). Cryoablation involves killing of tumor cells through freezing and thawing, resulting in recruitment of tumor-specific T cells, while curcumin stimulates T cells through the reduction of IL-6 in the TME. Cryoablation plus Meriva accumulated and activated CD8 T cells to multiple tumor-associated antigens such as Mage-b and Survivin (both expressed by 4T1 tumors). This correlated with a nearly complete reduction of 4T1 primary tumors and lung metastases while little effect was observed from saline or Meriva alone (28 days after tumor cell injection). The survival rate in the group of cryoablation plus Meriva was significantly improved compared to all control groups. Using a less aggressive 4T1 model expressing luciferase (4T1.2luc3), we demonstrated that all mice receiving saline or Meriva developed metastases in the lungs and a primary tumor (38 days after tumor cell injection; and died soon after that), but not the mice receiving cryoablation or cryoablation plus Meriva. However, on day 58 the mice receiving cryoablation developed 4T1.2luc3 metastases in the lungs, while mice receiving cryoablation plus Meriva were free of metastases. These results strongly suggest that cryoablation delayed the development of lung metastases on the short-term, but Meriva administered after cryoablation was significantly better in delaying the development of lung metastases and survival on the long-term.
Cancer vaccination is less effective at old than at young age, due to T cell unresponsiveness. Th... more Cancer vaccination is less effective at old than at young age, due to T cell unresponsiveness. This is caused by age-related changes of the immune system. Major immune defects at older age are lack of naïve T cells, impaired activation pathways of T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC), and age-related changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Also innate immune responses are affected by aging, but this seems less abundant than adaptive immune responses. In this review we compared various cancer vaccine studies at young and old age, demonstrating the importance of both innate and adaptive immune responses for cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, we found suggestive evidence that innate immune responses could help improve adaptive immune responses through cancer vaccination in old age.
Recently, we demonstrated that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) ligand cyclic di-guanylate ... more Recently, we demonstrated that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) ligand cyclic di-guanylate (c-di-GMP) is an excellent adjuvant in cancer vaccination but also induces immunogenic tumor cell death. Combination of both pathways resulted in a nearly complete elimination of the metastases in a breast cancer model. This study is discussed below.
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Papers by Dinesh Chandra
age-related changes of the immune system. Major immune defects at older age are lack of naïve T cells, impaired activation
pathways of T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC), and age-related changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Also
innate immune responses are affected by aging, but this seems less abundant than adaptive immune responses. In this review we
compared various cancer vaccine studies at young and old age, demonstrating the importance of both innate and adaptive immune
responses for cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, we found suggestive evidence that innate immune responses could help improve
adaptive immune responses through cancer vaccination in old age.
age-related changes of the immune system. Major immune defects at older age are lack of naïve T cells, impaired activation
pathways of T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC), and age-related changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Also
innate immune responses are affected by aging, but this seems less abundant than adaptive immune responses. In this review we
compared various cancer vaccine studies at young and old age, demonstrating the importance of both innate and adaptive immune
responses for cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, we found suggestive evidence that innate immune responses could help improve
adaptive immune responses through cancer vaccination in old age.