Papers by Engr. Dr. Churchill E . Simon
Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports
Leachates have gradually taken the center stage of environmental discuss in recent times because ... more Leachates have gradually taken the center stage of environmental discuss in recent times because of their interference with the environment. The potency of any leachate is largely dependent on its concentration which varies with time depending on waste generation patterns, waste stabilization and environmental factors. Leachate pollution index (LPI) provides an overall pollution potential of a landfill site. In this study, the concept of LPI is described in brief and used to estimate the temporal variation of leachate pollution within the dump site. Stepwise procedure to calculate the LPI of a landfill is explained using data from the Yenagoa Central Waste Dump (YCWD) Abanigi Road, Etelebu, Nigeria. This waste dump have no liners or leachate collection/treatment system, therefore, leachate generated finds its way into the environment. LPI values are a comparative scale used as a hazard identification tool. It is an increasing scale index, where a higher value indicates poor environm...
International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 2021
Water is essential part of ecosystem, so its quality must be ascertained for use especially in Ek... more Water is essential part of ecosystem, so its quality must be ascertained for use especially in Ekole creek of Nigeria where dredging activities is heavy, hence this study examined the dredging effect on the downstream water quality of Ekole creek. Water samples were collected from four points which are; Upstream, Dredge I, Dredge II, and Downstream points. The parameters of the water quality determined showed that Turbidity and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were higher at the Downstream point with values of 31 NTU and 1664 mg/l respectively; pH was also slightly acidic (6.61); but low in Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), Electrical Conductivity, Nitrate (NO3) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO), as compare to the Upstream. The values of the heavy metals like Pb (3.845 mg/l), Cr (0.612 mg/l) Ni (0.104 mg/l) and Cu (0.128 mg/l), at Downstream point, were above Pb (3.0605 mg/l), Cr (0.0 mg/l), Ni (0.017 mg/l) and Cu (0.102 mg/l) of the Upstream point,before the Dredging points I and II, that have ...
Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 2022
Leachates have gradually taken the center stage of environmental discuss in recent times because ... more Leachates have gradually taken the center stage of environmental discuss in recent times because of their interference with the environment. The potency of any leachate is largely dependent on its concentration which varies with time depending on waste generation patterns, waste stabilization and environmental factors. Leachate pollution index (LPI) provides an overall pollution potential of a landfill site. In this study, the concept of LPI is described in brief and used to estimate the temporal variation of leachate pollution within the dump site. Stepwise procedure to calculate the LPI of a landfill is explained using data from the Yenagoa Central Waste Dump (YCWD) Abanigi Road, Etelebu, Nigeria. This waste dump have no liners or leachate collection/treatment system, therefore, leachate generated finds its way into the environment. LPI values are a comparative scale used as a hazard identification tool. It is an increasing scale index, where a higher value indicates poor environmental condition based on the Delphi technique. Four samples of leachate were taken at different locations within the dumpsite and mixed for homogeneity. The sampling was done twice, ie, during March and December of 2019. The laboratory data was analyzed for its pollution potential using LPI and comparison made between the two sampling regimes. In the present study, leachate samples were collected and analyzed for 9 significant parameters viz pH, TDS, NO3, BOD5, COD, Cu, Zn, Fe and TC. The results obtained showed that the leachate contents were highly contaminated. The March and December analysis showed LPI values of 17.004 and 15.757 respectively, which were beyond the Indian leachate disposal standards for inland surface water (7.378). It was also observed that the leachate concentration during the March analytical period was more toxic than that of the December analytical regime. Therefore, a robust waste management strategy is recommended for the Bayelsa State sanitation Authority.
International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 2021
Water is essential part of ecosystem, so its quality must be ascertained for use especially in Ek... more Water is essential part of ecosystem, so its quality must be ascertained for use especially in Ekole creek of Nigeria where dredging activities is heavy, hence this study examined the dredging effect on the downstream water quality of Ekole creek. Water samples were collected from four points which are; Upstream, Dredge I, Dredge II, and Downstream points. The parameters of the water quality determined showed that Turbidity and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were higher at the Downstream point with values of 31 NTU and 1664 mg/l respectively; pH was also slightly acidic (6.61); but low in Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), Electrical Conductivity, Nitrate (NO3) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO), as compare to the Upstream. The values of the heavy metals like Pb (3.845 mg/l), Cr (0.612 mg/l) Ni (0.104 mg/l) and Cu (0.128 mg/l), at Downstream point, were above Pb (3.0605 mg/l), Cr (0.0 mg/l), Ni (0.017 mg/l) and Cu (0.102 mg/l) of the Upstream point, before the Dredging points I and II, that have correlative matrix of(Pb>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr) and Pb>Fe>Cr>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni Downstream point. Is discovered the Downstream water is slightly acidic, high in Turbidity and TSS, but low in TDS, EC, NO3 and DO, as against the WHO drinking-water quality, due the effect of dredging on the water quality of the Ekole Creek. It is inferred that the dredging activities have negative effects on the water quality, which can be hazardous to the health of downstream user, and distort the ecosystem; therefore the commercial dredging activities should be checked in Ekole creek.
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 2022
Waste proliferation has increasingly become a serious concern of municipal authorities in recent ... more Waste proliferation has increasingly become a serious concern of municipal authorities in recent times, especially for
developing countries and municipalities. This paper presents the composition of municipal solid wastes generated in the
Yenagoa metropolis and dumped in the Yenagoa Central waste dumpsite, Bayelsa State Nigeria. The character of the municipal
solid waste was determined in terms of the composition of individual waste in the waste stream using average mass (kg) and
percentage composition by mass of the various components using electronic weighing balance. It was found that 53.125% of the
solid waste generated in the study area was made up of organic waste. Out of this percentage, food waste was the most abundant
with 32.38% by mass. Vegetable waste recorded 5.8% composition by mass. Paper and Textile recorded 6.5% and 6.38%
respectively. Wood waste had 2.13% composition by mass. While the percentage of inorganic waste within the waste stream was
46.875% in the following order, Plastic and nylon bags recorded 20.38% by mass of the total waste stream. Bottles, leathers,
ceramics and construction wastes recorded 8%, 1.38%, 1.13% and 5.63% respectively. Electronic waste recorded 6.75%
composition by mass. Metals, Cans and Battery wastes recorded 0.75%, 2% and 0.25% respectively. Finally, medical waste
recorded 0.63% composition by mass. It is recommended that adequate financial provision, proper waste legislation, training and
re-training of staff and full community participation in waste management should be encourage. Formal composting and
recycling facilities should also be setup to enhance adequate management of waste.
Keywords: Municipal Solid Waste, Characterization, Proliferation, Composition.
International Journal of Basic Science and Technology, 2018
The effects of twosome artisanal wastes on root development, root length and nodulose
biomass of ... more The effects of twosome artisanal wastes on root development, root length and nodulose
biomass of Sphenostylis stenocarpa and selected soil chemical properties of the study
area (Faculty of Agriculture teaching and research farm) were carried out using
randomized complete block design (RCBD). The study was carried out in the Screen
house at the Centre for Ecological Studies University of Port Harcourt Rivers State,
Nigeria between July 2017 and March, 2018. The Carbide Sludge (CS) and Waste
Engine Oil (WEO) used for the study were collected from a roadside mechanic
workshop, and the Seeds (of S. Stenocarpa) used were purchased from mile 3 market in
Port-Harcourt. The Soil baseline analysis prior vegetation with S. Stenocarpa (SBAV)
was obtained, and the loamy soil was filled into 25 planting bags, each bag weighted
5000g. Carbide Sludge (CS) and Waste Engine Oil (WEO) were measured in relative
amounts of 150g of CS, 100g of CS and 50ml of WEO, 50g of CS and 100ml of WEO,
and 150ml of WEO alongside a Control soil and replicated five times. Each treatment has
five replicates in RCBD. Three seeds of S. stenocarpa were planted in each bag and later
thinned down to one seedling per bag at one week after germination. Results revealed
that CS and WEO were markedly reduced (P<05) in the below-the-ground parts of S.
stenocarpa in terms of root length, root biomass, nodule count, and the chemical
properties of the soil in the study area. The effect varies with pollutant concentration and
type. The least reduction of mean nodule count (2±0.9), root length (9.04± 0.2cm), root
fresh weight (2.7 ±0.7 g) and root dry weight (1.21±0.5 g) was observed in the 150 ml
WEO as compared to their respective controls of root nodule (118.4±3.2), root length
(59.78±3.4 cm), fresh weight (32.25±2.1 g) and root dry weight (21.48±0.4 g). CS and
WEO also changed the chemical properties (pH, Total Organic Matter, Total
Hydrocarbon, Electrical Conductivity, Organic Nitrogen, Organic Phosphorus and
Potassium ion concentration) of the soil. These increased with increase in the concentrate
of the pollutants. The study reveals that WEO and CS had adverse effect on the belowthe-
ground parts of the investigated plant and selected soil chemical properties with more
toxicity by WEO than CS especially at high concentration.
American Journal of Sciences and Engineering Research, 2022
ABSTRACT: Water is vital for the survival of living organisms, but the water sediments reduce the... more ABSTRACT: Water is vital for the survival of living organisms, but the water sediments reduce the availability of
the fresh water for use, hence the need to manage it through dredging. This study analysed the sediments of
Downstream of the dredged Ekole creek, where sediment samples were collected from the; Upstream, Dredge
point I, Dredge point II and Downstream. The pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Nitrate, Fe, Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn and
Cu were analysed from the sample using standard methods. It was observed that the Downstream pH
increased to 7.79 from 7.17 pH of the Upstream, though it is reduced at Dredge point I (6.37) and latter
increased to 6.57 at Dredge point II; similar trend was noticed for EC concentration; 37μS value of Downstream
is higher than 33μS Upstream that is increased to 160μS Dredge point I, but dropped at Dredge point II to 31μS
however, the Nitrate concentration at the Upstream was 0.0018 mg/kg, raised at Dredge point I to 0.065
mg/kg then dropped at Dredge point II and the Downstream to 0.0562 mg/kg and 0.0174 mg/kg respectively.
Low concentration of heavy metals were found in the Dredge points of the sediment samples while high levels
were found at the Upstream and Downstream points. Sediments at Downstream are more alkaline with higher
EC, low nitrate but, more iron. It can be inferred that, the dredging activities increases the pH and heavy metals
of the sediment in the water, at the Downstream. Hence water at the Downstream is less toxic and can be
used.
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Papers by Engr. Dr. Churchill E . Simon
developing countries and municipalities. This paper presents the composition of municipal solid wastes generated in the
Yenagoa metropolis and dumped in the Yenagoa Central waste dumpsite, Bayelsa State Nigeria. The character of the municipal
solid waste was determined in terms of the composition of individual waste in the waste stream using average mass (kg) and
percentage composition by mass of the various components using electronic weighing balance. It was found that 53.125% of the
solid waste generated in the study area was made up of organic waste. Out of this percentage, food waste was the most abundant
with 32.38% by mass. Vegetable waste recorded 5.8% composition by mass. Paper and Textile recorded 6.5% and 6.38%
respectively. Wood waste had 2.13% composition by mass. While the percentage of inorganic waste within the waste stream was
46.875% in the following order, Plastic and nylon bags recorded 20.38% by mass of the total waste stream. Bottles, leathers,
ceramics and construction wastes recorded 8%, 1.38%, 1.13% and 5.63% respectively. Electronic waste recorded 6.75%
composition by mass. Metals, Cans and Battery wastes recorded 0.75%, 2% and 0.25% respectively. Finally, medical waste
recorded 0.63% composition by mass. It is recommended that adequate financial provision, proper waste legislation, training and
re-training of staff and full community participation in waste management should be encourage. Formal composting and
recycling facilities should also be setup to enhance adequate management of waste.
Keywords: Municipal Solid Waste, Characterization, Proliferation, Composition.
biomass of Sphenostylis stenocarpa and selected soil chemical properties of the study
area (Faculty of Agriculture teaching and research farm) were carried out using
randomized complete block design (RCBD). The study was carried out in the Screen
house at the Centre for Ecological Studies University of Port Harcourt Rivers State,
Nigeria between July 2017 and March, 2018. The Carbide Sludge (CS) and Waste
Engine Oil (WEO) used for the study were collected from a roadside mechanic
workshop, and the Seeds (of S. Stenocarpa) used were purchased from mile 3 market in
Port-Harcourt. The Soil baseline analysis prior vegetation with S. Stenocarpa (SBAV)
was obtained, and the loamy soil was filled into 25 planting bags, each bag weighted
5000g. Carbide Sludge (CS) and Waste Engine Oil (WEO) were measured in relative
amounts of 150g of CS, 100g of CS and 50ml of WEO, 50g of CS and 100ml of WEO,
and 150ml of WEO alongside a Control soil and replicated five times. Each treatment has
five replicates in RCBD. Three seeds of S. stenocarpa were planted in each bag and later
thinned down to one seedling per bag at one week after germination. Results revealed
that CS and WEO were markedly reduced (P<05) in the below-the-ground parts of S.
stenocarpa in terms of root length, root biomass, nodule count, and the chemical
properties of the soil in the study area. The effect varies with pollutant concentration and
type. The least reduction of mean nodule count (2±0.9), root length (9.04± 0.2cm), root
fresh weight (2.7 ±0.7 g) and root dry weight (1.21±0.5 g) was observed in the 150 ml
WEO as compared to their respective controls of root nodule (118.4±3.2), root length
(59.78±3.4 cm), fresh weight (32.25±2.1 g) and root dry weight (21.48±0.4 g). CS and
WEO also changed the chemical properties (pH, Total Organic Matter, Total
Hydrocarbon, Electrical Conductivity, Organic Nitrogen, Organic Phosphorus and
Potassium ion concentration) of the soil. These increased with increase in the concentrate
of the pollutants. The study reveals that WEO and CS had adverse effect on the belowthe-
ground parts of the investigated plant and selected soil chemical properties with more
toxicity by WEO than CS especially at high concentration.
the fresh water for use, hence the need to manage it through dredging. This study analysed the sediments of
Downstream of the dredged Ekole creek, where sediment samples were collected from the; Upstream, Dredge
point I, Dredge point II and Downstream. The pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Nitrate, Fe, Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn and
Cu were analysed from the sample using standard methods. It was observed that the Downstream pH
increased to 7.79 from 7.17 pH of the Upstream, though it is reduced at Dredge point I (6.37) and latter
increased to 6.57 at Dredge point II; similar trend was noticed for EC concentration; 37μS value of Downstream
is higher than 33μS Upstream that is increased to 160μS Dredge point I, but dropped at Dredge point II to 31μS
however, the Nitrate concentration at the Upstream was 0.0018 mg/kg, raised at Dredge point I to 0.065
mg/kg then dropped at Dredge point II and the Downstream to 0.0562 mg/kg and 0.0174 mg/kg respectively.
Low concentration of heavy metals were found in the Dredge points of the sediment samples while high levels
were found at the Upstream and Downstream points. Sediments at Downstream are more alkaline with higher
EC, low nitrate but, more iron. It can be inferred that, the dredging activities increases the pH and heavy metals
of the sediment in the water, at the Downstream. Hence water at the Downstream is less toxic and can be
used.
developing countries and municipalities. This paper presents the composition of municipal solid wastes generated in the
Yenagoa metropolis and dumped in the Yenagoa Central waste dumpsite, Bayelsa State Nigeria. The character of the municipal
solid waste was determined in terms of the composition of individual waste in the waste stream using average mass (kg) and
percentage composition by mass of the various components using electronic weighing balance. It was found that 53.125% of the
solid waste generated in the study area was made up of organic waste. Out of this percentage, food waste was the most abundant
with 32.38% by mass. Vegetable waste recorded 5.8% composition by mass. Paper and Textile recorded 6.5% and 6.38%
respectively. Wood waste had 2.13% composition by mass. While the percentage of inorganic waste within the waste stream was
46.875% in the following order, Plastic and nylon bags recorded 20.38% by mass of the total waste stream. Bottles, leathers,
ceramics and construction wastes recorded 8%, 1.38%, 1.13% and 5.63% respectively. Electronic waste recorded 6.75%
composition by mass. Metals, Cans and Battery wastes recorded 0.75%, 2% and 0.25% respectively. Finally, medical waste
recorded 0.63% composition by mass. It is recommended that adequate financial provision, proper waste legislation, training and
re-training of staff and full community participation in waste management should be encourage. Formal composting and
recycling facilities should also be setup to enhance adequate management of waste.
Keywords: Municipal Solid Waste, Characterization, Proliferation, Composition.
biomass of Sphenostylis stenocarpa and selected soil chemical properties of the study
area (Faculty of Agriculture teaching and research farm) were carried out using
randomized complete block design (RCBD). The study was carried out in the Screen
house at the Centre for Ecological Studies University of Port Harcourt Rivers State,
Nigeria between July 2017 and March, 2018. The Carbide Sludge (CS) and Waste
Engine Oil (WEO) used for the study were collected from a roadside mechanic
workshop, and the Seeds (of S. Stenocarpa) used were purchased from mile 3 market in
Port-Harcourt. The Soil baseline analysis prior vegetation with S. Stenocarpa (SBAV)
was obtained, and the loamy soil was filled into 25 planting bags, each bag weighted
5000g. Carbide Sludge (CS) and Waste Engine Oil (WEO) were measured in relative
amounts of 150g of CS, 100g of CS and 50ml of WEO, 50g of CS and 100ml of WEO,
and 150ml of WEO alongside a Control soil and replicated five times. Each treatment has
five replicates in RCBD. Three seeds of S. stenocarpa were planted in each bag and later
thinned down to one seedling per bag at one week after germination. Results revealed
that CS and WEO were markedly reduced (P<05) in the below-the-ground parts of S.
stenocarpa in terms of root length, root biomass, nodule count, and the chemical
properties of the soil in the study area. The effect varies with pollutant concentration and
type. The least reduction of mean nodule count (2±0.9), root length (9.04± 0.2cm), root
fresh weight (2.7 ±0.7 g) and root dry weight (1.21±0.5 g) was observed in the 150 ml
WEO as compared to their respective controls of root nodule (118.4±3.2), root length
(59.78±3.4 cm), fresh weight (32.25±2.1 g) and root dry weight (21.48±0.4 g). CS and
WEO also changed the chemical properties (pH, Total Organic Matter, Total
Hydrocarbon, Electrical Conductivity, Organic Nitrogen, Organic Phosphorus and
Potassium ion concentration) of the soil. These increased with increase in the concentrate
of the pollutants. The study reveals that WEO and CS had adverse effect on the belowthe-
ground parts of the investigated plant and selected soil chemical properties with more
toxicity by WEO than CS especially at high concentration.
the fresh water for use, hence the need to manage it through dredging. This study analysed the sediments of
Downstream of the dredged Ekole creek, where sediment samples were collected from the; Upstream, Dredge
point I, Dredge point II and Downstream. The pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Nitrate, Fe, Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn and
Cu were analysed from the sample using standard methods. It was observed that the Downstream pH
increased to 7.79 from 7.17 pH of the Upstream, though it is reduced at Dredge point I (6.37) and latter
increased to 6.57 at Dredge point II; similar trend was noticed for EC concentration; 37μS value of Downstream
is higher than 33μS Upstream that is increased to 160μS Dredge point I, but dropped at Dredge point II to 31μS
however, the Nitrate concentration at the Upstream was 0.0018 mg/kg, raised at Dredge point I to 0.065
mg/kg then dropped at Dredge point II and the Downstream to 0.0562 mg/kg and 0.0174 mg/kg respectively.
Low concentration of heavy metals were found in the Dredge points of the sediment samples while high levels
were found at the Upstream and Downstream points. Sediments at Downstream are more alkaline with higher
EC, low nitrate but, more iron. It can be inferred that, the dredging activities increases the pH and heavy metals
of the sediment in the water, at the Downstream. Hence water at the Downstream is less toxic and can be
used.