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The fact that this simple version of the code doesn't work is confusing to me. I don't know why it should be limited to array fields.

$validator = new Validator(
    resolve('translator'),
    [
        'email' => 'test@example.com'
    ],
    [
        'email' => Rule::anyOf([
            ['required', 'min:20'],
            ['required', 'email'],
        ])
    ],
);

$this->assertTrue($validator->passes());

Added a failing test for this.

The fact that this simple version of the code doesn't work is confusing to me. I don't know why it should be limited to array fields.

Conceptually nothing should impede that; I had simply opted to expect the exception that the validator would throw in case it found something it didn't like:
https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/54946/files#diff-85c77d67e8673fff45e60c4c9a8e1ee50af508a614364e7dd1c95152b25fedeaR29-R37
as it would throw:

TypeError: Illuminate\Validation\Factory::make(): Argument #1 ($data) must be of type array, string given

laravel-framework/src/Illuminate/Validation/Factory.php:105
laravel-framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:361
laravel-framework/src/Illuminate/Validation/Rules/AnyOf.php:62
laravel-framework/src/Illuminate/Validation/Validator.php:902
laravel-framework/src/Illuminate/Validation/Validator.php:678
laravel-framework/src/Illuminate/Validation/Validator.php:481
laravel-framework/tests/Validation/ValidationAnyOfRuleTest.php:72

The obvious and easiest solution is just wrapping the $value being validated for each rule set with an Arr::wrap().
However, this begs the question, should the same thing be applied to the $ruleSets as well and allow for:

$validator = new Validator(
            resolve('translator'),
            [
                'email' => '20charstringtestvalidation'
            ],
            [
                'email' => Rule::anyOf([
                    'required|min:20',
                    'required|email',
                ])
            ],
        );

        $this->assertTrue($validator->passes());

diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Validation/Rules/AnyOf.php b/src/Illuminate/Validation/Rules/AnyOf.php
index 7086a30c4f..04a20854cb 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Validation/Rules/AnyOf.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Validation/Rules/AnyOf.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Rule;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidatorAwareRule;
+use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
 use InvalidArgumentException;
 
@@ -59,8 +60,8 @@ public function passes($attribute, $value)
 
         foreach ($this->ruleSets as $ruleSet) {
             $validator = Validator::make(
-                $value,
-                $ruleSet,
+                Arr::wrap($value),
+                Arr::wrap($ruleSet),
                 $this->validator->customMessages,
                 $this->validator->customAttributes
             );

Thanks for the suggestion! I already have changes locally that are ready to be pushed upon confirmation 😄

Yes, I would probably expect that to work as well. Thanks @brianferri

Failure seems to be unrelated to this PR

@brianferri just added another simple test that should pass but fails.