RuntimeError: latex was not able to process the following string: b'$\\\\mathdefault{-2}$'

### Bug report

**Bug summary**

Hi,

I am working on a linux system which I do not have root privileges to. As such, I have created a virtual environment so I can use modules as I need without installing them fully on the system.

I experienced an error when trying to use Latex as a text renderer for plots I am making for publication in my virtual environment. 
I do not get an  error and everything works fine when I run the same code snippet outside of my virtual environment and I need to work in my virtual environment as there are certain modules I need to compute other parts the code.

I am aware a similar issue was raised [here](https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/issues/5076/) the resolution appears to be reinstall/update whatever Tex distribution I have but I can not do that as I do not have root privileges on my system. So is there a work around I could use in my vitual environment?

Thanks in advance.

**Code for reproduction**



```python
import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.use('Agg') # Use this backend for writing plots to file

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.style.use('seaborn-talk')
mpl.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = [10, 8]
mpl.rcParams['figure.autolayout'] = True
mpl.rcParams['text.usetex'] = True                     # <------- This seems to be issue
mpl.rcParams['font.family'] = 'serif'
mpl.rcParams['font.serif'] = 'Computer Modern Roman'
mpl.rcParams['lines.linewidth'] = 1.25
mpl.rcParams['lines.markersize'] = 6

# Simple Plot of Data
plt.plot(np.arange(10), np.sin(np.arange(10)))
plt.xlim(0, 2*np.pi)
plt.ylim(-3.2, 3.2)
plt.xlabel(r'$x$')
plt.ylabel(r'$u(x, t) / u_{rms}(x, t)$')
plt.show()
```

**Actual outcome**



```
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.py", line 306, in _run_checked_subprocess
    stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/subprocess.py", line 356, in check_output
    **kwargs).stdout
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/subprocess.py", line 438, in run
    output=stdout, stderr=stderr)
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['latex', '-interaction=nonstopmode', '--halt-on-error', '/home/ecarroll/.cache/matplotlib/tex.cache/f0d1ad490f795d8f5a7626e4d07943a6.tex']' returned non-zero exit status 1.

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./Plotting/plot_lce_triaddynamics_snaps&video.py", line 333, in <module>
    plt.savefig(output_dir + "/SNAPS/Triad_SNAPS_{:05d}.png".format(2), format='png', dpi = 400)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 723, in savefig
    res = fig.savefig(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 2203, in savefig
    self.canvas.print_figure(fname, **kwargs)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 2126, in print_figure
    **kwargs)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 514, in print_png
    FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 393, in draw
    self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 38, in draw_wrapper
    return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 1729, in draw
    self.tight_layout(**self._tight_parameters)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/cbook/deprecation.py", line 358, in wrapper
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 2496, in tight_layout
    pad=pad, h_pad=h_pad, w_pad=w_pad, rect=rect)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/tight_layout.py", line 360, in get_tight_layout_figure
    pad=pad, h_pad=h_pad, w_pad=w_pad)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/tight_layout.py", line 109, in auto_adjust_subplotpars
    tight_bbox_raw = union([ax.get_tightbbox(renderer) for ax in subplots
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/tight_layout.py", line 110, in <listcomp>
    if ax.get_visible()])
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py", line 4323, in get_tightbbox
    bb_xaxis = self.xaxis.get_tightbbox(renderer)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axis.py", line 1188, in get_tightbbox
    self._update_label_position(renderer)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axis.py", line 2021, in _update_label_position
    bboxes, bboxes2 = self._get_tick_boxes_siblings(renderer=renderer)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axis.py", line 2006, in _get_tick_boxes_siblings
    tlb, tlb2 = axx.xaxis._get_tick_bboxes(ticks_to_draw, renderer)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axis.py", line 1174, in _get_tick_bboxes
    for tick in ticks if tick.label1.get_visible()],
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axis.py", line 1174, in <listcomp>
    for tick in ticks if tick.label1.get_visible()],
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/text.py", line 905, in get_window_extent
    bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(self._renderer)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/text.py", line 300, in _get_layout
    clean_line, self._fontproperties, ismath=ismath)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 204, in get_text_width_height_descent
    s, fontsize, renderer=self)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.py", line 458, in get_text_width_height_descent
    dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.py", line 340, in make_dvi
    texfile], tex)
  File "/home/ecarroll/ecpy/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.py", line 319, in _run_checked_subprocess
    exc=exc.output.decode('utf-8'))) from exc
RuntimeError: latex was not able to process the following string:
b'$\\\\mathdefault{0}$'

Here is the full report generated by latex:
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.18 (TeX Live 2017/Debian) (preloaded format=latex)
 restricted \write18 enabled.
entering extended mode

(/home/ecarroll/.cache/matplotlib/tex.cache/f0d1ad490f795d8f5a7626e4d07943a6.te
x
LaTeX2e <2017-04-15>
Babel <3.18> and hyphenation patterns for 3 language(s) loaded.
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
Document Class: article 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/type1cm/type1cm.sty)

! LaTeX Error: File `type1ec.sty' not found.

Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed,
or enter new name. (Default extension: sty)

Enter file name:
! Emergency stop.
<read *>

l.6 \usepackage
               {type1ec}^^M
No pages of output.
Transcript written on f0d1ad490f795d8f5a7626e4d07943a6.log.

```

**Expected outcome**



The expected outcome should be a plot where all the text and labels are rendered in Tex

**Matplotlib version**

  * Operating system:   Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS
  * Matplotlib version:   matplotlib==3.2.2
  * Matplotlib backend (`print(matplotlib.get_backend())`): Default backend is TkAgg but I switch to use Agg in the code
  * Python version:  3.6.9
  * Jupyter version (if applicable):
  * Other libraries: 
**Libraries in my virtual environment:**
```
appdirs==1.4.4
certifi==2020.4.5.2
cffi==1.14.0
colorama==0.4.3
cryptography==2.9.2
cycler==0.10.0
data==0.4
decorator==4.4.2
distlib==0.3.0
filelock==3.0.12
funcsigs==1.0.2
future==0.18.2
h5py==2.10.0
icc-rt==2020.0.133
importlib-metadata==1.6.1
importlib-resources==2.0.1
intel-openmp==2020.0.133
Jinja2==2.11.2
joblib==0.15.1
kiwisolver==1.2.0
latex==0.7.0
latexbuild==0.2.2
llvmlite==0.33.0
Mako==1.1.3
Markdown==3.2.2
MarkupSafe==1.1.1
matplotlib==3.2.2
mpmath==1.1.0
numba==0.50.0
numpy==1.18.5
pandas==1.0.4
pbr==5.4.5
pdoc3==0.8.1
pipenv==2020.6.2
pycparser==2.20
PyOpenGL==3.1.5
pyOpenSSL==19.1.0
pyparsing==2.4.7
pyptex==1.0.1
python-dateutil==2.8.1
pytz==2020.1
PyYAML==5.3.1
scikit-learn==0.23.1
scipy==1.4.1
shutilwhich==1.1.0
six==1.15.0
stevedore==2.0.0
sympy==1.6
tempdir==0.7.1
threadpoolctl==2.1.0
virtualenv==20.0.23
virtualenv-clone==0.5.4
virtualenvwrapper==4.8.4
zipp==3.1.0
```
**Libraries in my base Python:**
```
appdirs==1.4.4
asn1crypto==0.24.0
attrs==17.4.0
backports.functools-lru-cache==1.4
backports.shutil-get-terminal-size==1.0.0
chardet==3.0.4
configparser==4.0.2
contextlib2==0.6.0.post1
cryptography==2.1.4
cycler==0.10.0
decorator==4.1.2
distlib==0.3.0
enum34==1.1.6
filelock==3.0.12
funcsigs==1.0.2
google-api-python-client==1.6.2
h5py==2.7.1
httplib2==0.10.3
idna==2.6
importlib-metadata==1.6.1
importlib-resources==2.0.1
ipaddress==1.0.17
ipython==5.5.0
ipython-genutils==0.2.0
keyring==10.6.0
keyrings.alt==3.0
lz4==0.10.1
matplotlib==2.1.1
mpmath==1.0.0
numpy==1.16.6
oauth2client==4.1.2
olefile==0.45.1
pathlib2==2.3.5
pbr==5.4.5
pexpect==4.2.1
pickleshare==0.7.4
Pillow==5.1.0
pluggy==0.6.0
progressbar2==3.34.2
prompt-toolkit==1.0.15
py==1.5.2
pyasn1==0.3.2
pyasn1-modules==0.0.11
pycairo==1.16.2
pycrypto==2.6.1
Pygments==2.2.0
pygobject==3.26.1
PyICU==1.9.8
PyOpenGL==3.1.0
pyOpenSSL==17.5.0
pyparsing==2.2.0
PySide==1.2.2
pytest==3.3.2
python-dateutil==2.6.1
python-lzo==1.8
python-utils==2.2.0
pytz==2018.3
pyxdg==0.25
rencode==1.0.5
rsa==3.4.2
scandir==1.10.0
SecretStorage==2.3.1
simplegeneric==0.8.1
singledispatch==3.4.0.3
six==1.15.0
stevedore==1.32.0
subprocess32==3.2.7
traitlets==4.3.2
typing==3.7.4.1
uritemplate==3.0.0
virtualenv==20.0.23
virtualenv-clone==0.5.4
virtualenvwrapper==4.8.4
wcwidth==0.1.7
xpra==2.1.3
youtube-upload==0.8.0
zipp==1.2.0

```

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RuntimeError: latex was not able to process the following string: b'$\\\\mathdefault{-2}$' #17673

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RuntimeError: latex was not able to process the following string: b'$\\\\mathdefault{-2}$' #17673

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