matplotlib · efiring · Dec 28, 2020 · Apr 12, 2020 · Apr 12, 2020
diff --git a/doc/users/next_whats_new/2020-04-12-spines.rst b/doc/users/next_whats_new/2020-04-12-spines.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+``Axes.spines``
+---------------
+
+``Axes.spines`` is now a dedicated container class `.Spines` for a set of
+`.Spine`\s instead of an ``OrderedDict``. On top of dict-like access,
+``Axes.spines`` now also supports some ``pandas.Series``-like features.
+
+Accessing single elements by item or by attribute
+
+    ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
+    ax.spines.top.set_visible(False)
+
+Accessing a subset of items::
+
+    ax.spines[['top', 'right']].set_visible(False)
+
+Accessing all items simultaneously::
+
+    ax.spines[:].set_visible(False)
diff --git a/examples/axes_grid1/demo_axes_rgb.py b/examples/axes_grid1/demo_axes_rgb.py
@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@ def demo_rgb2():
 
     for ax in fig.axes:
         ax.tick_params(axis='both', direction='in')
-        for sp1 in ax.spines.values():
-            sp1.set_color("w")
+        ax.spines[:].set_color("w")
         for tick in ax.xaxis.get_major_ticks() + ax.yaxis.get_major_ticks():
             tick.tick1line.set_markeredgecolor("w")
             tick.tick2line.set_markeredgecolor("w")

diff --git a/examples/images_contours_and_fields/image_annotated_heatmap.py b/examples/images_contours_and_fields/image_annotated_heatmap.py
@@ -149,8 +149,7 @@ def heatmap(data, row_labels, col_labels, ax=None,
              rotation_mode="anchor")
 
     # Turn spines off and create white grid.
-    for edge, spine in ax.spines.items():
-        spine.set_visible(False)
+    ax.spines[:].set_visible(False)
 
     ax.set_xticks(np.arange(data.shape[1]+1)-.5, minor=True)
     ax.set_yticks(np.arange(data.shape[0]+1)-.5, minor=True)

diff --git a/examples/lines_bars_and_markers/linestyles.py b/examples/lines_bars_and_markers/linestyles.py
@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ def plot_linestyles(ax, linestyles, title):
            yticks=np.arange(len(linestyles)),
            yticklabels=yticklabels)
     ax.tick_params(left=False, bottom=False, labelbottom=False)
-    for spine in ax.spines.values():
-        spine.set_visible(False)
+    ax.spines[:].set_visible(False)
 
     # For each line style, add a text annotation with a small offset from
     # the reference point (0 in Axes coords, y tick value in Data coords).

diff --git a/examples/lines_bars_and_markers/timeline.py b/examples/lines_bars_and_markers/timeline.py
@@ -89,8 +89,7 @@
 
 # remove y axis and spines
 ax.yaxis.set_visible(False)
-for spine in ["left", "top", "right"]:
-    ax.spines[spine].set_visible(False)
+ax.spines[["left", "top", "right"]].set_visible(False)
 
 ax.margins(y=0.1)
 plt.show()

diff --git a/examples/showcase/bachelors_degrees_by_gender.py b/examples/showcase/bachelors_degrees_by_gender.py
@@ -32,10 +32,7 @@
     '#17becf', '#9edae5'])
 
 # Remove the plot frame lines. They are unnecessary here.
-ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
-ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(False)
-ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
-ax.spines['left'].set_visible(False)
+ax.spines[:].set_visible(False)
 
 # Ensure that the axis ticks only show up on the bottom and left of the plot.
 # Ticks on the right and top of the plot are generally unnecessary.

diff --git a/examples/showcase/integral.py b/examples/showcase/integral.py
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ def func(x):
 fig.text(0.9, 0.05, '$x$')
 fig.text(0.1, 0.9, '$y$')
 
-ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
-ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
+ax.spines.right.set_visible(False)
+ax.spines.top.set_visible(False)
 ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
 
 ax.set_xticks((a, b))

diff --git a/examples/showcase/xkcd.py b/examples/showcase/xkcd.py
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
     fig = plt.figure()
     ax = fig.add_axes((0.1, 0.2, 0.8, 0.7))
-    ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
-    ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
+    ax.spines.right.set_color('none')
+    ax.spines.top.set_color('none')
     ax.set_xticks([])
     ax.set_yticks([])
     ax.set_ylim([-30, 10])
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@
     fig = plt.figure()
     ax = fig.add_axes((0.1, 0.2, 0.8, 0.7))
     ax.bar([0, 1], [0, 100], 0.25)
-    ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
-    ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
+    ax.spines.right.set_color('none')
+    ax.spines.top.set_color('none')
     ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
     ax.set_xticks([0, 1])
     ax.set_xticklabels(['CONFIRMED BY\nEXPERIMENT', 'REFUTED BY\nEXPERIMENT'])

diff --git a/examples/specialty_plots/skewt.py b/examples/specialty_plots/skewt.py
@@ -85,11 +85,11 @@ class SkewXAxes(Axes):
     def _init_axis(self):
         # Taken from Axes and modified to use our modified X-axis
         self.xaxis = SkewXAxis(self)
-        self.spines['top'].register_axis(self.xaxis)
-        self.spines['bottom'].register_axis(self.xaxis)
+        self.spines.top.register_axis(self.xaxis)
+        self.spines.bottom.register_axis(self.xaxis)
         self.yaxis = maxis.YAxis(self)
-        self.spines['left'].register_axis(self.yaxis)
-        self.spines['right'].register_axis(self.yaxis)
+        self.spines.left.register_axis(self.yaxis)
+        self.spines.right.register_axis(self.yaxis)
 
     def _gen_axes_spines(self):
         spines = {'top': SkewSpine.linear_spine(self, 'top'),

diff --git a/examples/subplots_axes_and_figures/broken_axis.py b/examples/subplots_axes_and_figures/broken_axis.py
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 ax2.set_ylim(0, .22)  # most of the data
 
 # hide the spines between ax and ax2
-ax1.spines['bottom'].set_visible(False)
-ax2.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
+ax1.spines.bottom.set_visible(False)
+ax2.spines.top.set_visible(False)
 ax1.xaxis.tick_top()
 ax1.tick_params(labeltop=False)  # don't put tick labels at the top
 ax2.xaxis.tick_bottom()

diff --git a/examples/ticks_and_spines/centered_spines_with_arrows.py b/examples/ticks_and_spines/centered_spines_with_arrows.py
@@ -14,11 +14,9 @@
 
 fig, ax = plt.subplots()
 # Move the left and bottom spines to x = 0 and y = 0, respectively.
-ax.spines["left"].set_position(("data", 0))
-ax.spines["bottom"].set_position(("data", 0))
+ax.spines[["left", "bottom"]].set_position(("data", 0))
 # Hide the top and right spines.
-ax.spines["top"].set_visible(False)
-ax.spines["right"].set_visible(False)
+ax.spines[["top", "right"]].set_visible(False)
 
 # Draw arrows (as black triangles: ">k"/"^k") at the end of the axes.  In each
 # case, one of the coordinates (0) is a data coordinate (i.e., y = 0 or x = 0,

diff --git a/examples/ticks_and_spines/multiple_yaxis_with_spines.py b/examples/ticks_and_spines/multiple_yaxis_with_spines.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 # Offset the right spine of twin2.  The ticks and label have already been
 # placed on the right by twinx above.
-twin2.spines["right"].set_position(("axes", 1.2))
+twin2.spines.right.set_position(("axes", 1.2))
 
 p1, = ax.plot([0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2], "b-", label="Density")
 p2, = twin1.plot([0, 1, 2], [0, 3, 2], "r-", label="Temperature")

diff --git a/examples/ticks_and_spines/spine_placement_demo.py b/examples/ticks_and_spines/spine_placement_demo.py
@@ -21,40 +21,40 @@
 ax = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 1)
 ax.set_title('centered spines')
 ax.plot(x, y)
-ax.spines['left'].set_position('center')
-ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
-ax.spines['bottom'].set_position('center')
-ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
+ax.spines.left.set_position('center')
+ax.spines.right.set_color('none')
+ax.spines.bottom.set_position('center')
+ax.spines.top.set_color('none')
 ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
 ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
 
 ax = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 2)
 ax.set_title('zeroed spines')
 ax.plot(x, y)
-ax.spines['left'].set_position('zero')
-ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
-ax.spines['bottom'].set_position('zero')
-ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
+ax.spines.left.set_position('zero')
+ax.spines.right.set_color('none')
+ax.spines.bottom.set_position('zero')
+ax.spines.top.set_color('none')
 ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
 ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
 
 ax = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 3)
 ax.set_title('spines at axes (0.6, 0.1)')
 ax.plot(x, y)
-ax.spines['left'].set_position(('axes', 0.6))
-ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
-ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('axes', 0.1))
-ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
+ax.spines.left.set_position(('axes', 0.6))
+ax.spines.right.set_color('none')
+ax.spines.bottom.set_position(('axes', 0.1))
+ax.spines.top.set_color('none')
 ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
 ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
 
 ax = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 4)
 ax.set_title('spines at data (1, 2)')
 ax.plot(x, y)
-ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data', 1))
-ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
-ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data', 2))
-ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
+ax.spines.left.set_position(('data', 1))
+ax.spines.right.set_color('none')
+ax.spines.bottom.set_position(('data', 2))
+ax.spines.top.set_color('none')
 ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
 ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
 

diff --git a/examples/ticks_and_spines/spines.py b/examples/ticks_and_spines/spines.py
@@ -26,19 +26,19 @@
 ax1.set_title('bottom-left spines')
 
 # Hide the right and top spines
-ax1.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
-ax1.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
+ax1.spines.right.set_visible(False)
+ax1.spines.top.set_visible(False)
 # Only show ticks on the left and bottom spines
 ax1.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
 ax1.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
 
 ax2.plot(x, y)
 
 # Only draw spine between the y-ticks
-ax2.spines['left'].set_bounds(-1, 1)
+ax2.spines.left.set_bounds(-1, 1)
 # Hide the right and top spines
-ax2.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
-ax2.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
+ax2.spines.right.set_visible(False)
+ax2.spines.top.set_visible(False)
 # Only show ticks on the left and bottom spines
 ax2.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
 ax2.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')

diff --git a/examples/ticks_and_spines/spines_bounds.py b/examples/ticks_and_spines/spines_bounds.py
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@
 ax.set_yticks([-1, 0, 1])
 
 # Only draw spine between the y-ticks
-ax.spines['left'].set_bounds((-1, 1))
+ax.spines.left.set_bounds((-1, 1))
 # Hide the right and top spines
-ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
-ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
+ax.spines.right.set_visible(False)
+ax.spines.top.set_visible(False)
 # Only show ticks on the left and bottom spines
 ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
 ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')

diff --git a/examples/ticks_and_spines/spines_dropped.py b/examples/ticks_and_spines/spines_dropped.py
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@
 ax.set_title('dropped spines')
 
 # Move left and bottom spines outward by 10 points
-ax.spines['left'].set_position(('outward', 10))
-ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('outward', 10))
+ax.spines.left.set_position(('outward', 10))
+ax.spines.bottom.set_position(('outward', 10))
 # Hide the right and top spines
-ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
-ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
+ax.spines.right.set_visible(False)
+ax.spines.top.set_visible(False)
 # Only show ticks on the left and bottom spines
 ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
 ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')

diff --git a/examples/ticks_and_spines/tick-formatters.py b/examples/ticks_and_spines/tick-formatters.py
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ def setup(ax, title):
     """Set up common parameters for the Axes in the example."""
     # only show the bottom spine
     ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.NullLocator())
-    ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
-    ax.spines['left'].set_color('none')
-    ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
+    ax.spines.right.set_color('none')
+    ax.spines.left.set_color('none')
+    ax.spines.top.set_color('none')
 
     # define tick positions
     ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.MultipleLocator(1.00))

diff --git a/examples/ticks_and_spines/tick-locators.py b/examples/ticks_and_spines/tick-locators.py
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ def setup(ax, title):
     """Set up common parameters for the Axes in the example."""
     # only show the bottom spine
     ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.NullLocator())
-    ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
-    ax.spines['left'].set_color('none')
-    ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
+    ax.spines.right.set_color('none')
+    ax.spines.left.set_color('none')
+    ax.spines.top.set_color('none')
 
     ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
     ax.tick_params(which='major', width=1.00, length=5)

diff --git a/examples/userdemo/demo_gridspec06.py b/examples/userdemo/demo_gridspec06.py
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ def squiggle_xy(a, b, c, d):
 # show only the outside spines
 for ax in fig.get_axes():
     ss = ax.get_subplotspec()
-    ax.spines['top'].set_visible(ss.is_first_row())
-    ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(ss.is_last_row())
-    ax.spines['left'].set_visible(ss.is_first_col())
-    ax.spines['right'].set_visible(ss.is_last_col())
+    ax.spines.top.set_visible(ss.is_first_row())
+    ax.spines.bottom.set_visible(ss.is_last_row())
+    ax.spines.left.set_visible(ss.is_first_col())
+    ax.spines.right.set_visible(ss.is_last_col())
 
 plt.show()
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/axes/_base.py b/lib/matplotlib/axes/_base.py
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ def __init__(self, fig, rect,
         # placeholder for any colorbars added that use this axes.
         # (see colorbar.py):
         self._colorbars = []
-        self.spines = self._gen_axes_spines()
+        self.spines = mspines.Spines.from_dict(self._gen_axes_spines())
 
         # this call may differ for non-sep axes, e.g., polar
         self._init_axis()
@@ -660,11 +660,11 @@ def get_window_extent(self, *args, **kwargs):
     def _init_axis(self):
         # This is moved out of __init__ because non-separable axes don't use it
         self.xaxis = maxis.XAxis(self)
-        self.spines['bottom'].register_axis(self.xaxis)
-        self.spines['top'].register_axis(self.xaxis)
+        self.spines.bottom.register_axis(self.xaxis)
+        self.spines.top.register_axis(self.xaxis)
         self.yaxis = maxis.YAxis(self)
-        self.spines['left'].register_axis(self.yaxis)
-        self.spines['right'].register_axis(self.yaxis)
+        self.spines.left.register_axis(self.yaxis)
+        self.spines.right.register_axis(self.yaxis)
         self._update_transScale()
 
     def set_figure(self, fig):
@@ -763,10 +763,10 @@ def get_xaxis_transform(self, which='grid'):
             return self._xaxis_transform
         elif which == 'tick1':
             # for cartesian projection, this is bottom spine
-            return self.spines['bottom'].get_spine_transform()
+            return self.spines.bottom.get_spine_transform()
         elif which == 'tick2':
             # for cartesian projection, this is top spine
-            return self.spines['top'].get_spine_transform()
+            return self.spines.top.get_spine_transform()
         else:
             raise ValueError('unknown value for which')
 
@@ -839,10 +839,10 @@ def get_yaxis_transform(self, which='grid'):
             return self._yaxis_transform
         elif which == 'tick1':
             # for cartesian projection, this is bottom spine
-            return self.spines['left'].get_spine_transform()
+            return self.spines.left.get_spine_transform()
         elif which == 'tick2':
             # for cartesian projection, this is top spine
-            return self.spines['right'].get_spine_transform()
+            return self.spines.right.get_spine_transform()
         else:
             raise ValueError('unknown value for which')
 

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/axes/_secondary_axes.py b/lib/matplotlib/axes/_secondary_axes.py
@@ -49,10 +49,8 @@ def __init__(self, parent, orientation, location, functions, **kwargs):
         otheraxis.set_major_locator(mticker.NullLocator())
         otheraxis.set_ticks_position('none')
 
-        for st in self._otherstrings:
-            self.spines[st].set_visible(False)
-        for st in self._locstrings:
-            self.spines[st].set_visible(True)
+        self.spines[self._otherstrings].set_visible(False)
+        self.spines[self._locstrings].set_visible(True)
 
         if self._pos < 0.5:
             # flip the location strings...
@@ -259,13 +257,13 @@ def set_color(self, color):
         """
         if self._orientation == 'x':
             self.tick_params(axis='x', colors=color)
-            self.spines['bottom'].set_color(color)
-            self.spines['top'].set_color(color)
+            self.spines.bottom.set_color(color)
+            self.spines.top.set_color(color)
             self.xaxis.label.set_color(color)
         else:
             self.tick_params(axis='y', colors=color)
-            self.spines['left'].set_color(color)
-            self.spines['right'].set_color(color)
+            self.spines.left.set_color(color)
+            self.spines.right.set_color(color)
             self.yaxis.label.set_color(color)