matplotlib · tacaswell · Sep 25, 2020 · Sep 10, 2020 · jklymak · Sep 24, 2020
diff --git a/doc/api/next_api_changes/behavior/18564-AL.rst b/doc/api/next_api_changes/behavior/18564-AL.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Axes3D no longer adds itself to figure
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+New `.Axes3D` objects previously added themselves to figures when they were
+created, which lead to them being added twice if
+``fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')`` was called.  Now ``ax = Axes3d(fig)``
+will need to be explicitly added to the figure with ``fig.add_axes(ax)``, as
+also needs to be done for normal `.axes.Axes`.
diff --git a/doc/api/next_api_changes/deprecations/18564-AL.rst b/doc/api/next_api_changes/deprecations/18564-AL.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Subplot-related attributes and methods
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Some ``SubplotBase`` attributes have been deprecated and/or moved to
+`.SubplotSpec`: ``get_geometry`` (use `.SubplotBase.get_subplotspec`
+instead), ``change_geometry`` (use `.SubplotBase.set_subplotspec` instead),
+``is_first_row``, ``is_last_row``, ``is_first_col``, ``is_last_col`` (use the
+corresponding methods on the `.SubplotSpec` instance instead), ``figbox`` (use
+``ax.get_subplotspec().get_geometry(ax.figure)`` instead to recompute the
+geometry, or ``ax.get_position()`` to read its current value), ``numRows``,
+``numCols`` (use the ``nrows`` and ``ncols`` attribute on the `.GridSpec`
+instead).
+
+Axes constructor
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Parameters of the Axes constructor other than *fig* and *rect* will become
+keyword-only in a future version.
diff --git a/examples/userdemo/demo_gridspec06.py b/examples/userdemo/demo_gridspec06.py
@@ -29,9 +29,10 @@ def squiggle_xy(a, b, c, d):
 
 # show only the outside spines
 for ax in fig.get_axes():
-    ax.spines['top'].set_visible(ax.is_first_row())
-    ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(ax.is_last_row())
-    ax.spines['left'].set_visible(ax.is_first_col())
-    ax.spines['right'].set_visible(ax.is_last_col())
+    ss = ax.get_subplotspec()
+    ax.spines['top'].set_visible(ss.is_first_row())
+    ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(ss.is_last_row())
+    ax.spines['left'].set_visible(ss.is_first_col())
+    ax.spines['right'].set_visible(ss.is_last_col())
 
 plt.show()
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/axes/_base.py b/lib/matplotlib/axes/_base.py
@@ -460,6 +460,7 @@ def __str__(self):
         return "{0}({1[0]:g},{1[1]:g};{1[2]:g}x{1[3]:g})".format(
             type(self).__name__, self._position.bounds)
 
+    @cbook._make_keyword_only("3.4", "facecolor")
     def __init__(self, fig, rect,
                  facecolor=None,  # defaults to rc axes.facecolor
                  frameon=True,

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/axes/_subplots.py b/lib/matplotlib/axes/_subplots.py
@@ -33,12 +33,10 @@ def __init__(self, fig, *args, **kwargs):
         **kwargs
             Keyword arguments are passed to the Axes (sub)class constructor.
         """
-
-        self.figure = fig
-        self._subplotspec = SubplotSpec._from_subplot_args(fig, args)
-        self.update_params()
         # _axes_class is set in the subplot_class_factory
-        self._axes_class.__init__(self, fig, self.figbox, **kwargs)
+        self._axes_class.__init__(self, fig, [0, 0, 1, 1], **kwargs)
+        # This will also update the axes position.
+        self.set_subplotspec(SubplotSpec._from_subplot_args(fig, args))
 
     def __reduce__(self):
         # get the first axes class which does not inherit from a subplotbase
@@ -49,12 +47,15 @@ def __reduce__(self):
                 (axes_class,),
                 self.__getstate__())
 
+    @cbook.deprecated(
+        "3.4", alternative="get_subplotspec",
+        addendum="(get_subplotspec returns a SubplotSpec instance.)")
     def get_geometry(self):
         """Get the subplot geometry, e.g., (2, 2, 3)."""
         rows, cols, num1, num2 = self.get_subplotspec().get_geometry()
         return rows, cols, num1 + 1  # for compatibility
 
-    # COVERAGE NOTE: Never used internally or from examples
+    @cbook.deprecated("3.4", alternative="set_subplotspec")
     def change_geometry(self, numrows, numcols, num):
         """Change subplot geometry, e.g., from (1, 1, 1) to (2, 2, 3)."""
         self._subplotspec = GridSpec(numrows, numcols,
@@ -69,16 +70,33 @@ def get_subplotspec(self):
     def set_subplotspec(self, subplotspec):
         """Set the `.SubplotSpec`. instance associated with the subplot."""
         self._subplotspec = subplotspec
+        self._set_position(subplotspec.get_position(self.figure))
 
     def get_gridspec(self):
         """Return the `.GridSpec` instance associated with the subplot."""
         return self._subplotspec.get_gridspec()
 
+    @cbook.deprecated(
+        "3.4", alternative="get_subplotspec().get_position(self.figure)")
+    @property
+    def figbox(self):
+        return self.get_subplotspec().get_position(self.figure)
+
+    @cbook.deprecated("3.4", alternative="get_gridspec().nrows")
+    @property
+    def numRows(self):
+        return self.get_gridspec().nrows
+
+    @cbook.deprecated("3.4", alternative="get_gridspec().ncols")
+    @property
+    def numCols(self):
+        return self.get_gridspec().ncols
+
+    @cbook.deprecated("3.4")
     def update_params(self):
         """Update the subplot position from ``self.figure.subplotpars``."""
-        self.figbox, _, _, self.numRows, self.numCols = \
-            self.get_subplotspec().get_position(self.figure,
-                                                return_all=True)
+        # Now a no-op, as figbox/numRows/numCols are (deprecated) auto-updating
+        # properties.
 
     @cbook.deprecated("3.2", alternative="ax.get_subplotspec().rowspan.start")
     @property
@@ -90,15 +108,19 @@ def rowNum(self):
     def colNum(self):
         return self.get_subplotspec().colspan.start
 
+    @cbook.deprecated("3.4", alternative="ax.get_subplotspec().is_first_row()")
     def is_first_row(self):
         return self.get_subplotspec().rowspan.start == 0
 
+    @cbook.deprecated("3.4", alternative="ax.get_subplotspec().is_last_row()")
     def is_last_row(self):
         return self.get_subplotspec().rowspan.stop == self.get_gridspec().nrows
 
+    @cbook.deprecated("3.4", alternative="ax.get_subplotspec().is_first_col()")
     def is_first_col(self):
         return self.get_subplotspec().colspan.start == 0
 
+    @cbook.deprecated("3.4", alternative="ax.get_subplotspec().is_last_col()")
     def is_last_col(self):
         return self.get_subplotspec().colspan.stop == self.get_gridspec().ncols
 
@@ -109,8 +131,9 @@ def label_outer(self):
         x-labels are only kept for subplots on the last row; y-labels only for
         subplots on the first column.
         """
-        lastrow = self.is_last_row()
-        firstcol = self.is_first_col()
+        ss = self.get_subplotspec()
+        lastrow = ss.is_last_row()
+        firstcol = ss.is_first_col()
         if not lastrow:
             for label in self.get_xticklabels(which="both"):
                 label.set_visible(False)

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/colorbar.py b/lib/matplotlib/colorbar.py
@@ -1540,8 +1540,6 @@ def make_axes_gridspec(parent, *, location=None, orientation=None,
         aspect = 1 / aspect
 
     parent.set_subplotspec(ss_main)
-    parent.update_params()
-    parent._set_position(parent.figbox)
     parent.set_anchor(loc_settings["panchor"])
 
     fig = parent.get_figure()

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/figure.py b/lib/matplotlib/figure.py
@@ -607,15 +607,15 @@ def autofmt_xdate(
                 "3.3", message="Support for passing which=None to mean "
                 "which='major' is deprecated since %(since)s and will be "
                 "removed %(removal)s.")
-        allsubplots = all(hasattr(ax, 'is_last_row') for ax in self.axes)
+        allsubplots = all(hasattr(ax, 'get_subplotspec') for ax in self.axes)
         if len(self.axes) == 1:
             for label in self.axes[0].get_xticklabels(which=which):
                 label.set_ha(ha)
                 label.set_rotation(rotation)
         else:
             if allsubplots:
                 for ax in self.get_axes():
-                    if ax.is_last_row():
+                    if ax.get_subplotspec().is_last_row():
                         for label in ax.get_xticklabels(which=which):
                             label.set_ha(ha)
                             label.set_rotation(rotation)
@@ -2420,8 +2420,7 @@ def subplots_adjust(self, left=None, bottom=None, right=None, top=None,
         self.subplotpars.update(left, bottom, right, top, wspace, hspace)
         for ax in self.axes:
             if isinstance(ax, SubplotBase):
-                ax.update_params()
-                ax.set_position(ax.figbox)
+                ax._set_position(ax.get_subplotspec().get_position(self))
         self.stale = True
 
     def ginput(self, n=1, timeout=30, show_clicks=True,

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/gridspec.py b/lib/matplotlib/gridspec.py
@@ -489,8 +489,8 @@ def update(self, **kwargs):
                 if isinstance(ax, mpl.axes.SubplotBase):
                     ss = ax.get_subplotspec().get_topmost_subplotspec()
                     if ss.get_gridspec() == self:
-                        ax.update_params()
-                        ax._set_position(ax.figbox)
+                        ax._set_position(
+                            ax.get_subplotspec().get_position(ax.figure))
 
     def get_subplot_params(self, figure=None):
         """
@@ -764,6 +764,19 @@ def colspan(self):
         c1, c2 = sorted([self.num1 % ncols, self.num2 % ncols])
         return range(c1, c2 + 1)
 
+    def is_first_row(self):
+        return self.rowspan.start == 0
+
+    def is_last_row(self):
+        return self.rowspan.stop == self.get_gridspec().nrows
+
+    def is_first_col(self):
+        return self.colspan.start == 0
+
+    def is_last_col(self):
+        return self.colspan.stop == self.get_gridspec().ncols
+
+    @cbook._delete_parameter("3.4", "return_all")
     def get_position(self, figure, return_all=False):
         """
         Update the subplot position from ``figure.subplotpars``.

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_collections.py b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_collections.py
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ def test_polycollection_close():
         [[3., 0.], [3., 1.], [4., 1.], [4., 0.]]]
 
     fig = plt.figure()
-    ax = Axes3D(fig)
+    ax = fig.add_axes(Axes3D(fig))
 
     colors = ['r', 'g', 'b', 'y', 'k']
     zpos = list(range(5))

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_colorbar.py b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_colorbar.py
@@ -224,13 +224,13 @@ def test_remove_from_figure(use_gridspec):
     fig, ax = plt.subplots()
     sc = ax.scatter([1, 2], [3, 4], cmap="spring")
     sc.set_array(np.array([5, 6]))
-    pre_figbox = np.array(ax.figbox)
+    pre_position = ax.get_position()
     cb = fig.colorbar(sc, use_gridspec=use_gridspec)
     fig.subplots_adjust()
     cb.remove()
     fig.subplots_adjust()
-    post_figbox = np.array(ax.figbox)
-    assert (pre_figbox == post_figbox).all()
+    post_position = ax.get_position()
+    assert (pre_position.get_points() == post_position.get_points()).all()
 
 
 def test_colorbarbase():

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_figure.py b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_figure.py
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ def test_gca():
         # Changing the projection will throw a warning
         assert fig.gca(polar=True) is not ax3
     assert fig.gca(polar=True) is not ax2
-    assert fig.gca().get_geometry() == (1, 1, 1)
+    assert fig.gca().get_subplotspec().get_geometry() == (1, 1, 0, 0)
 
     fig.sca(ax1)
     assert fig.gca(projection='rectilinear') is ax1

diff --git a/lib/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.py b/lib/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.py
@@ -131,8 +131,6 @@ def __init__(
         pseudo_bbox = self.transLimits.inverted().transform([(0, 0), (1, 1)])
         self._pseudo_w, self._pseudo_h = pseudo_bbox[1] - pseudo_bbox[0]
 
-        self.figure.add_axes(self)
-
         # mplot3d currently manages its own spines and needs these turned off
         # for bounding box calculations
         for k in self.spines.keys():

diff --git a/lib/mpl_toolkits/tests/test_mplot3d.py b/lib/mpl_toolkits/tests/test_mplot3d.py
@@ -700,7 +700,7 @@ def test_add_collection3d_zs_scalar():
 @mpl3d_image_comparison(['axes3d_labelpad.png'], remove_text=False)
 def test_axes3d_labelpad():
     fig = plt.figure()
-    ax = Axes3D(fig)
+    ax = fig.add_axes(Axes3D(fig))
     # labelpad respects rcParams
     assert ax.xaxis.labelpad == mpl.rcParams['axes.labelpad']
     # labelpad can be set in set_label

diff --git a/tutorials/intermediate/gridspec.py b/tutorials/intermediate/gridspec.py
@@ -246,10 +246,11 @@ def squiggle_xy(a, b, c, d, i=np.arange(0.0, 2*np.pi, 0.05)):
 
 # show only the outside spines
 for ax in fig11.get_axes():
-    ax.spines['top'].set_visible(ax.is_first_row())
-    ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(ax.is_last_row())
-    ax.spines['left'].set_visible(ax.is_first_col())
-    ax.spines['right'].set_visible(ax.is_last_col())
+    ss = ax.get_subplotspec()
+    ax.spines['top'].set_visible(ss.is_first_row())
+    ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(ss.is_last_row())
+    ax.spines['left'].set_visible(ss.is_first_col())
+    ax.spines['right'].set_visible(ss.is_last_col())
 
 plt.show()