Thanks so much for this pointer- I haven't done exhaustive testing but setting the i2s_config parameters directly when TDM is available fixed the problem in the small test runs I made using the SEEED XIAO ESP32C3. I was able to start and play stereo and mono wav files everytime using Mike Teachman's easy_wav_player and a generic PCM5102 board.

My current modifications using ESP IDV v5 are: (all in machine_i2s.c)

I include driver/i2s_std.h instead of driver/i2s.h and I omit explicitly including soc/i2sreg.h.
I removed (commented out) the REG_SET_BIT macro definitions. And since they are not included I no longer needed to #define DR_REG_I2S_BASE 0x6002D000
(Note that if you leave the macro definitions in CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3 should be added to conditional, and the DR_REG_I2S_BASE definition added, and sound behavior is good)
I added your i2s_config updates immediately after setting bits_per_chan = 0 in machine_i2s_init_helper() .

I still get a ESP32 message (not micropython) when restarting I2S

>>> import easy_wav_player
I2S(id=0,
sck=6,
ws=7,
sd=3,
mode=5,
bits=16, format=1,
rate=16000, ibuf=40000)
**E (87244) i2s(legacy): i2s_driver_uninstall(1494): I2S port 0 has not installed**
I2S(id=0,
sck=6,
ws=7,
sd=3,
mode=5,
bits=16, format=0,
rate=16000, ibuf=40000)
>>> 
**E (114214) i2s(legacy): i2s_driver_uninstall(1494): I2S port 0 has not installed**
MPY: soft reboot
MicroPython v1.20.0-311-gea1a5e43d-dirty on 2023-07-22; ESP32C3 XIAO with ESP32C3
Type "help()" for more information.
>>>

but this doesn't seem to impact performance. The first message is when switching I2S from stereo to monitor and changing frequency, the second is after a soft reset (I assume clearing the existing I2S instance)

Thanks again-

Uh oh!

ESP32-C3 I2S #8641

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