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Merge pull request #11 from plotly/candlestick-andothers
candlestick; table; network-graphs; box-plots; gantt ; sankey-diagram; filled-area-plots; distplot; tree-plots; bubble-charts
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‎notebooks/box-plots.md

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‎notebooks/bubble-charts.md

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---
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jupyter:
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jupytext:
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notebook_metadata_filter: all
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text_representation:
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extension: .md
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format_name: markdown
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format_version: '1.1'
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jupytext_version: 1.1.1
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kernelspec:
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display_name: Python 2
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display_name: Python 3
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language: python
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name: python2
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name: python3
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language_info:
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codemirror_mode:
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name: ipython
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version: 3
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file_extension: .py
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mimetype: text/x-python
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name: python
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nbconvert_exporter: python
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pygments_lexer: ipython3
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version: 3.6.7
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plotly:
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description: How to make bubble charts in Python with Plotly.
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display_as: basic
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redirect_from: python/bubble-charts-tutorial/
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thumbnail: thumbnail/bubble.jpg
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title: Bubble Charts | plotly
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v4upgrade: true
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---
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#### New to Plotly?
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Plotly's Python library is free and open source! [Get started](https://plot.ly/python/getting-started/) by downloading the client and [reading the primer](https://plot.ly/python/getting-started/).
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<br>You can set up Plotly to work in [online](https://plot.ly/python/getting-started/#initialization-for-online-plotting) or [offline](https://plot.ly/python/getting-started/#initialization-for-offline-plotting) mode, or in [jupyter notebooks](https://plot.ly/python/getting-started/#start-plotting-online).
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<br>We also have a quick-reference [cheatsheet](https://images.plot.ly/plotly-documentation/images/python_cheat_sheet.pdf) (new!) to help you get started!
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#### Version Check
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Plotly's python package is updated frequently. Run `pip install plotly --upgrade` to use the latest version.
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## Bubble chart with plotly.express
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A [bubble chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_chart) is a scatter plot in which a third dimension of the data is shown through the size of markers. For other types of scatter plot, see the [line and scatter page](https://plot.ly/python/line-and-scatter/).
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We first show a bubble chart example using plotly express. Plotly express functions take as argument a tidy [pandas DataFrame](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/getting_started/10min.html). The size of markers is set from the dataframe column given as the `size` parameter.
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```python
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import plotly
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plotly.__version__
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import plotly.express as px
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gapminder = px.data.gapminder()
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fig = px.scatter(gapminder.query("year==2007"), x="gdpPercap", y="lifeExp",
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size="pop", color="continent",
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hover_name="country", log_x=True, size_max=60)
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fig.show()
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```
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## Bubble Chart with plotly.graph_objects
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When data are not available as tidy dataframes, it is also possible to use the more generic `go.Scatter` from `plotly.graph_objects`, and define the size of markers to create a bubble chart. All of the available options are described in the scatter section of the reference page: https://plot.ly/python/reference#scatter.
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### Simple Bubble Chart
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```python
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import plotly.plotly as py
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import plotly.graph_objs as go
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import plotly.graph_objects as go
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trace0 = go.Scatter(
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x=[1, 2, 3, 4],
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y=[10, 11, 12, 13],
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fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Scatter(
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x=[1, 2, 3, 4], y=[10, 11, 12, 13],
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mode='markers',
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marker=dict(
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size=[40, 60, 80, 100],
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)
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)
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data = [trace0]
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py.iplot(data, filename='bubblechart-size')
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marker_size=[40, 60, 80, 100])
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])
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fig.show()
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```
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### Setting Marker Size and Color
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```python
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import plotly.plotly as py
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import plotly.graph_objs as go
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import plotly.graph_objects as go
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trace0 = go.Scatter(
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x=[1, 2, 3, 4],
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y=[10, 11, 12, 13],
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fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Scatter(
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x=[1, 2, 3, 4], y=[10, 11, 12, 13],
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mode='markers',
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marker=dict(
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color=['rgb(93, 164, 214)', 'rgb(255, 144, 14)',
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'rgb(44, 160, 101)', 'rgb(255, 65, 54)'],
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opacity=[1, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4],
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size=[40, 60, 80, 100],
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)
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)
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)])
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data = [trace0]
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py.iplot(data, filename='bubblechart-color')
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fig.show()
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```
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### Scaling the Size of Bubble Charts
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Additionally, we recommend setting the sizemode attribute: https://plot.ly/python/reference/#scatter-marker-sizemode to area.
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```python
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import plotly.plotly as py
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import plotly.graph_objs as go
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import plotly.graph_objects as go
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size = [20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 80, 60, 40, 20, 40]
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trace0 = go.Scatter(
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fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Scatter(
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x=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10],
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y=[11, 12, 10, 11, 12, 11, 12, 13, 12, 11],
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mode='markers',
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sizeref=2.*max(size)/(40.**2),
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sizemin=4
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)
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)
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)])
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data = [trace0]
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py.iplot(data, filename='bubblechart-size-ref')
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fig.show()
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```
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### Hover Text with Bubble Charts
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```python
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import plotly.plotly as py
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import plotly.graph_objs as go
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import plotly.graph_objects as go
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trace0 = go.Scatter(
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x=[1, 2, 3, 4],
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y=[10, 11, 12, 13],
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fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Scatter(
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x=[1, 2, 3, 4], y=[10, 11, 12, 13],
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text=['A<br>size: 40', 'B<br>size: 60', 'C<br>size: 80', 'D<br>size: 100'],
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mode='markers',
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marker=dict(
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color=['rgb(93, 164, 214)', 'rgb(255, 144, 14)', 'rgb(44, 160, 101)', 'rgb(255, 65, 54)'],
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size=[40, 60, 80, 100],
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)
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)
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)])
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data = [trace0]
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py.iplot(data, filename='bubblechart-text')
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fig.show()
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```
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### Bubble Charts with Colorscale
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```python
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import plotly.plotly as py
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import plotly.graph_objs as go
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data = [
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{
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'x': [1, 3.2, 5.4, 7.6, 9.8, 12.5],
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'y': [1, 3.2, 5.4, 7.6, 9.8, 12.5],
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'mode': 'markers',
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'marker': {
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'color': [120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145],
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'size': [15, 30, 55, 70, 90, 110],
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'showscale': True
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}
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}
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]
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py.iplot(data, filename='scatter-colorscale')
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import plotly.graph_objects as go
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fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Scatter(
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x=[1, 3.2, 5.4, 7.6, 9.8, 12.5],
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y=[1, 3.2, 5.4, 7.6, 9.8, 12.5],
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mode='markers',
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marker=dict(
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color=[120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145],
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size=[15, 30, 55, 70, 90, 110],
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showscale=True
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)
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)])
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fig.show()
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```
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### Categorical Bubble Charts
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```python
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import plotly.plotly as py
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import plotly.graph_objs as go
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import plotly.graph_objects as go
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import plotly.express as px
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import pandas as pd
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import math
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data = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plotly/datasets/master/gapminderDataFiveYear.csv")
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# Load data, define hover text and bubble size
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data = px.data.gapminder()
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df_2007 = data[data['year']==2007]
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df_2007 = df_2007.sort_values(['continent', 'country'])
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slope = 2.666051223553066e-05
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hover_text = []
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bubble_size = []
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gdp=row['gdpPercap'],
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pop=row['pop'],
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year=row['year']))
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bubble_size.append(math.sqrt(row['pop']*slope))
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bubble_size.append(math.sqrt(row['pop']))
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df_2007['text'] = hover_text
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df_2007['size'] = bubble_size
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sizeref = 2.*max(df_2007['size'])/(100**2)
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trace0 = go.Scatter(
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x=df_2007['gdpPercap'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Africa'],
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y=df_2007['lifeExp'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Africa'],
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mode='markers',
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name='Africa',
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text=df_2007['text'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Africa'],
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marker=dict(
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symbol='circle',
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sizemode='area',
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sizeref=sizeref,
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size=df_2007['size'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Africa'],
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line=dict(
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width=2
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),
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)
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)
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trace1 = go.Scatter(
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x=df_2007['gdpPercap'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Americas'],
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y=df_2007['lifeExp'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Americas'],
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mode='markers',
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name='Americas',
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text=df_2007['text'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Americas'],
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marker=dict(
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sizemode='area',
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sizeref=sizeref,
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size=df_2007['size'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Americas'],
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line=dict(
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width=2
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),
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)
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)
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trace2 = go.Scatter(
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x=df_2007['gdpPercap'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Asia'],
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y=df_2007['lifeExp'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Asia'],
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mode='markers',
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name='Asia',
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text=df_2007['text'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Asia'],
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marker=dict(
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sizemode='area',
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sizeref=sizeref,
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size=df_2007['size'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Asia'],
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line=dict(
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width=2
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),
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)
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)
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trace3 = go.Scatter(
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x=df_2007['gdpPercap'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Europe'],
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y=df_2007['lifeExp'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Europe'],
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mode='markers',
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name='Europe',
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text=df_2007['text'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Europe'],
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marker=dict(
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sizemode='area',
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sizeref=sizeref,
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size=df_2007['size'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Europe'],
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line=dict(
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width=2
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),
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)
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)
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trace4 = go.Scatter(
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x=df_2007['gdpPercap'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Oceania'],
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y=df_2007['lifeExp'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Oceania'],
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mode='markers',
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name='Oceania',
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text=df_2007['text'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Oceania'],
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marker=dict(
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sizemode='area',
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sizeref=sizeref,
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size=df_2007['size'][df_2007['continent'] == 'Oceania'],
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line=dict(
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width=2
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),
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)
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)
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data = [trace0, trace1, trace2, trace3, trace4]
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layout = go.Layout(
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# Dictionary with dataframes for each continent
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continent_names = ['Africa', 'Americas', 'Asia', 'Europe', 'Oceania']
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continent_data = {continent:df_2007.query("continent == '%s'" %continent)
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for continent in continent_names}
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# Create figure
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fig = go.Figure()
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for continent_name, continent in continent_data.items():
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fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
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x=continent['gdpPercap'], y=continent['lifeExp'],
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name=continent_name, text=continent['text'],
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marker_size=continent['size'],
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))
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# Tune marker appearance and layout
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fig.update_traces(mode='markers', marker=dict(sizemode='area',
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sizeref=sizeref, line_width=2))
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fig.update_layout(
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title='Life Expectancy v. Per Capita GDP, 2007',
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xaxis=dict(
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title='GDP per capita (2000 dollars)',
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gridcolor='rgb(255, 255, 255)',
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range=[2.003297660701705, 5.191505530708712],
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gridcolor='white',
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type='log',
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zerolinewidth=1,
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ticklen=5,
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gridwidth=2,
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),
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yaxis=dict(
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title='Life Expectancy (years)',
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gridcolor='rgb(255, 255, 255)',
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range=[36.12621671352166, 91.72921793264332],
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zerolinewidth=1,
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ticklen=5,
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gridcolor='white',
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gridwidth=2,
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),
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paper_bgcolor='rgb(243, 243, 243)',
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plot_bgcolor='rgb(243, 243, 243)',
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)
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fig = go.Figure(data=data, layout=layout)
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py.iplot(fig, filename='life-expectancy-per-GDP-2007')
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fig.show()
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```
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### Reference
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See https://plot.ly/python/reference/#scatter for more information and chart attribute options!
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```python
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from IPython.display import display, HTML
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display(HTML('<link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:600,400,300,200|Inconsolata|Ubuntu+Mono:400,700" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />'))
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display(HTML('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://help.plot.ly/documentation/all_static/css/ipython-notebook-custom.css">'))
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! pip install git+https://github.com/plotly/publisher.git --upgrade
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import publisher
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publisher.publish(
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'bubble.ipynb', 'python/bubble-charts/', 'Python Bubble Charts | plotly',
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'How to make bubble charts in Python with Plotly.',
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title = 'Bubble Charts | plotly',
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name = 'Bubble Charts', language='python',
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has_thumbnail='true', thumbnail='thumbnail/bubble.jpg',
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display_as='basic', order=3,
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ipynb= '~notebook_demo/1/new-to-plotly-plotlys-python-library-i',
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redirect_from='python/bubble-charts-tutorial/',
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)
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```
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```python
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```

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