Plyler v. Doe marked its thirtieth anniversary in 2012. The landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision ... more Plyler v. Doe marked its thirtieth anniversary in 2012. The landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision required public school districts to educate all children, whether or not they were in the country legally. No Undocumented Child Left Behind, by Michael Olivas, is an effort to assess the successes and failures of the implementation of Plyler v. Doe. The book, like the Plyler decision it covers, sits at the intersection of law, education policy, immigration issues, and states’ rights. Its first chapter covers why Plyler matters. Its second traces the story of Plyler v. Doe and the education of undocumented children and the polity. The third addresses the implementation of Plyler v. Doe. The Dream Act is the subject of the fourth chapter, and the last chapter concludes with why Plyler should have been decided on preemption grounds. Olivas, the Distinguished Chair in Law at the University of Houston, follows the labyrinthine and complex journey of the Plyler case to the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1975, the Texas legislature passed a law denying educational funds for children of undocumented immigrants. With an increase of Hispanic undocumented schoolchildren in the Tyler School District in 1977, Superintendent Jim Tyler recommended that the district charge $1,000 for each child of undocumented immigrants. The policy was poorly conceived: If parents were unable to pay this sum, their children were considered truant. The Mexican American Legal Defense Fund filed a lawsuit in Tyler federal court on behalf of Mexican-American undocumented families. The Hispanic children (the “Doe”) in the case came before U.S. District Judge William Wayne, who issued a preliminary injunction to stop the district from implementing its tuition policy. The case was then appealed to the Fifth District, consolidated with similar cases, and ultimately reached the U.S. Supreme Court in 1981. In 1982, the Supreme Court ruled 5–4 that the Texas statute, by withholding state funds for the education of undocumented students, violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Although applicable only to K-12 students, this case and other similar cases based on eligibility criteria “expanded the rights within our midst and shrank the ability of governmental authorities to direct substantive and unbridled prejudice against noncitizens” (23). Unfortunately, as Olivas analyzes in his book, many challenges to this ruling surfaced. Plyler experienced a wide range of implementation issues, from California’s Proposition 187 to the federal Illegal Immigration and Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1966 (IIRIRA) and more recent laws in Arizona and Georgia. These difficulties, Olivas argues, could have been averted if the Supreme Court had based its decision on federal preemption (on the supremacy of the federal government’s authority over states’ decisions) rather than the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Nevertheless, he praises Justice Brennen’s leadership. While the court failed to acknowledge education as a fundamental right in Plyler, it recognized the importance of safeguarding the rights of children to attend compulsory school regardless of their parents’ immigration status. This is not the case for undocumented college students, and Olivas dedicates an entire chapter to the Dream Act, first introduced in 2001. This act unsuccessfully tried to obtain the same rights as Plyler for post-secondary education undoc-
During the interwar period, urban modernism was connected to opposing ideals of womanhood. On the... more During the interwar period, urban modernism was connected to opposing ideals of womanhood. On the one hand, women’s participation in a culture of leisure, consumption and body consciousness created images of the New Women in Berlin and Shanghai during the 1920s and early 1930s. On the other hand, women in Weimar Berlin and Republican Shanghai were both desired and feared for their role in the significant changes in these two metropoles. This article analyzes the emergence of the neue Frau and modeng xiaojie. The growth of the cities, industrialization and changes in the work force provided new opportunities for many women’s lives. However, in the interwar period, anxiety-ridden discourses about sexual disorder and moral decay became significant forces and shaped attitudes toward women’s roles in urban society. The article examines the critics and conflicts generated by the modern women in the two societies and the conditions leading to the demise of the modern women era in China and...
This is a provocative and courageous book. Provocative, because it dares to identify the “histori... more This is a provocative and courageous book. Provocative, because it dares to identify the “historical origins” of the national policies of “sending states”. Courageous, because it dares to compare h...
The paper focuses on what is old and what is new in transnationalism by analyzing extraterritoria... more The paper focuses on what is old and what is new in transnationalism by analyzing extraterritorial attempts of the Italian and Mexican governments. During the large southern/ eastern European immigration to the US from 1890 to the 1920s, Italian immigrants reached 24 percent of the immigrant wave. Mexican documented and undocumented immigrants from the 1980s until 2010s made up 30 percent of the immigrant wave almost a century later. Transnational immigrants live in a country in which they do not claim citizenship rights and claim citizenship rights in a country they do not live in. Therefore migration and immigrant policies challenge both sending and receiving states. Foreign governments are limited in the policies and practices that they can enforce. A comparison of state policies from Italy and Mexico challenges the fact that transnationalism is significantly different and new.
Every semester at Guilford Technical Community College in Jamestown, North Carolina I teach a uni... more Every semester at Guilford Technical Community College in Jamestown, North Carolina I teach a unit on Japanese Culture and Education in my Introductory to Sociology class. Education is a very important institution in both American and Japanese societies. The goal of this unit is to have my students compare Japanese and American educational systems. Educational policies and practices are closely tied to national cultures (Fiske, 2012). It is not possible to understand the Japanese education system without understanding how the culture influences education in Japan.
'Ibis paper began as an effort to answer questions that had been generated through my involve... more 'Ibis paper began as an effort to answer questions that had been generated through my involvement in the feminist movement in the United States and Canada. I wanted to know more about the mechanisms that initiated and perpetuated the subordinate position of women in the labor market. Why was women's work undervalued? What forces influenced women's inferior position? Why was it that both capitalists and working class men blocked women's attempt to secure equal employment? Most of the existing literature on women and work fails to answer these questions. There is a tendency to either indict patriarchy or capitalism. Yet neither answer seems completely satisfactory. The paper that follows uses these questions as a starting point, Its principle assumption is that sexual inequality is rooted in economics and can only be understood in terms of a historical examination of the conflicts and compromises between the interests of the various social classes.
During the interwar period, urban modernism was connected to opposing ideals of womanhood. On the... more During the interwar period, urban modernism was connected to opposing ideals of womanhood. On the one hand, women's participation in a culture of leisure, consumption and body consciousness created images of the New Women in Berlin and Shanghai during the 1920s and early 1930s. On the other hand, women in Weimar Berlin and Republican Shanghai were both desired and feared for their role in the significant changes in these two metropoles. This article analyzes the emergence of the neue Frau and modeng xiaojie. The growth of the cities, industrialization and changes in the work force provided new opportunities for many women's lives. However, in the interwar period, anxiety-ridden discourses about sexual disorder and moral decay became significant forces and shaped attitudes toward women's roles in urban society. The article examines the critics and conflicts generated by the modern women in the two societies and the conditions leading to the demise of the modern women era in China and Germany.
... 4. MinoritiesSwitzerland. 5. Religion and stateSwitzerland. 6. Multilingualism Switzerland... more ... 4. MinoritiesSwitzerland. 5. Religion and stateSwitzerland. 6. Multilingualism Switzerland. I. Title. HN603.S35 305.8'009494 80-18458 ISBN 0-520-04079-1 Page 7. To Peter, without whom this work would not have been Page 8. Page 9. ...
Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, 1995
... In 1989, almost 60 percent of the foreign residents had lived in the Federal Republic for ten... more ... In 1989, almost 60 percent of the foreign residents had lived in the Federal Republic for ten years or more (Aziz, 1992). ... Key factors in explaining right-wing violence and anti-foreigner attitudes include a growing willingness to engage in unconven-tional forms of political ...
International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 2004
Page 1. Language Policy and Ethnic Tensions in Quebec and Latvia Carol Schmid*, Brigita Zepa** an... more Page 1. Language Policy and Ethnic Tensions in Quebec and Latvia Carol Schmid*, Brigita Zepa** and Arta Snipe*** ABSTRACT This ... territories. Schools in English in Quebec and schools in Russian in Latvia attracted most immigrants. ...
Plyler v. Doe marked its thirtieth anniversary in 2012. The landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision ... more Plyler v. Doe marked its thirtieth anniversary in 2012. The landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision required public school districts to educate all children, whether or not they were in the country legally. No Undocumented Child Left Behind, by Michael Olivas, is an effort to assess the successes and failures of the implementation of Plyler v. Doe. The book, like the Plyler decision it covers, sits at the intersection of law, education policy, immigration issues, and states’ rights. Its first chapter covers why Plyler matters. Its second traces the story of Plyler v. Doe and the education of undocumented children and the polity. The third addresses the implementation of Plyler v. Doe. The Dream Act is the subject of the fourth chapter, and the last chapter concludes with why Plyler should have been decided on preemption grounds. Olivas, the Distinguished Chair in Law at the University of Houston, follows the labyrinthine and complex journey of the Plyler case to the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1975, the Texas legislature passed a law denying educational funds for children of undocumented immigrants. With an increase of Hispanic undocumented schoolchildren in the Tyler School District in 1977, Superintendent Jim Tyler recommended that the district charge $1,000 for each child of undocumented immigrants. The policy was poorly conceived: If parents were unable to pay this sum, their children were considered truant. The Mexican American Legal Defense Fund filed a lawsuit in Tyler federal court on behalf of Mexican-American undocumented families. The Hispanic children (the “Doe”) in the case came before U.S. District Judge William Wayne, who issued a preliminary injunction to stop the district from implementing its tuition policy. The case was then appealed to the Fifth District, consolidated with similar cases, and ultimately reached the U.S. Supreme Court in 1981. In 1982, the Supreme Court ruled 5–4 that the Texas statute, by withholding state funds for the education of undocumented students, violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Although applicable only to K-12 students, this case and other similar cases based on eligibility criteria “expanded the rights within our midst and shrank the ability of governmental authorities to direct substantive and unbridled prejudice against noncitizens” (23). Unfortunately, as Olivas analyzes in his book, many challenges to this ruling surfaced. Plyler experienced a wide range of implementation issues, from California’s Proposition 187 to the federal Illegal Immigration and Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1966 (IIRIRA) and more recent laws in Arizona and Georgia. These difficulties, Olivas argues, could have been averted if the Supreme Court had based its decision on federal preemption (on the supremacy of the federal government’s authority over states’ decisions) rather than the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Nevertheless, he praises Justice Brennen’s leadership. While the court failed to acknowledge education as a fundamental right in Plyler, it recognized the importance of safeguarding the rights of children to attend compulsory school regardless of their parents’ immigration status. This is not the case for undocumented college students, and Olivas dedicates an entire chapter to the Dream Act, first introduced in 2001. This act unsuccessfully tried to obtain the same rights as Plyler for post-secondary education undoc-
During the interwar period, urban modernism was connected to opposing ideals of womanhood. On the... more During the interwar period, urban modernism was connected to opposing ideals of womanhood. On the one hand, women’s participation in a culture of leisure, consumption and body consciousness created images of the New Women in Berlin and Shanghai during the 1920s and early 1930s. On the other hand, women in Weimar Berlin and Republican Shanghai were both desired and feared for their role in the significant changes in these two metropoles. This article analyzes the emergence of the neue Frau and modeng xiaojie. The growth of the cities, industrialization and changes in the work force provided new opportunities for many women’s lives. However, in the interwar period, anxiety-ridden discourses about sexual disorder and moral decay became significant forces and shaped attitudes toward women’s roles in urban society. The article examines the critics and conflicts generated by the modern women in the two societies and the conditions leading to the demise of the modern women era in China and...
This is a provocative and courageous book. Provocative, because it dares to identify the “histori... more This is a provocative and courageous book. Provocative, because it dares to identify the “historical origins” of the national policies of “sending states”. Courageous, because it dares to compare h...
The paper focuses on what is old and what is new in transnationalism by analyzing extraterritoria... more The paper focuses on what is old and what is new in transnationalism by analyzing extraterritorial attempts of the Italian and Mexican governments. During the large southern/ eastern European immigration to the US from 1890 to the 1920s, Italian immigrants reached 24 percent of the immigrant wave. Mexican documented and undocumented immigrants from the 1980s until 2010s made up 30 percent of the immigrant wave almost a century later. Transnational immigrants live in a country in which they do not claim citizenship rights and claim citizenship rights in a country they do not live in. Therefore migration and immigrant policies challenge both sending and receiving states. Foreign governments are limited in the policies and practices that they can enforce. A comparison of state policies from Italy and Mexico challenges the fact that transnationalism is significantly different and new.
Every semester at Guilford Technical Community College in Jamestown, North Carolina I teach a uni... more Every semester at Guilford Technical Community College in Jamestown, North Carolina I teach a unit on Japanese Culture and Education in my Introductory to Sociology class. Education is a very important institution in both American and Japanese societies. The goal of this unit is to have my students compare Japanese and American educational systems. Educational policies and practices are closely tied to national cultures (Fiske, 2012). It is not possible to understand the Japanese education system without understanding how the culture influences education in Japan.
'Ibis paper began as an effort to answer questions that had been generated through my involve... more 'Ibis paper began as an effort to answer questions that had been generated through my involvement in the feminist movement in the United States and Canada. I wanted to know more about the mechanisms that initiated and perpetuated the subordinate position of women in the labor market. Why was women's work undervalued? What forces influenced women's inferior position? Why was it that both capitalists and working class men blocked women's attempt to secure equal employment? Most of the existing literature on women and work fails to answer these questions. There is a tendency to either indict patriarchy or capitalism. Yet neither answer seems completely satisfactory. The paper that follows uses these questions as a starting point, Its principle assumption is that sexual inequality is rooted in economics and can only be understood in terms of a historical examination of the conflicts and compromises between the interests of the various social classes.
During the interwar period, urban modernism was connected to opposing ideals of womanhood. On the... more During the interwar period, urban modernism was connected to opposing ideals of womanhood. On the one hand, women's participation in a culture of leisure, consumption and body consciousness created images of the New Women in Berlin and Shanghai during the 1920s and early 1930s. On the other hand, women in Weimar Berlin and Republican Shanghai were both desired and feared for their role in the significant changes in these two metropoles. This article analyzes the emergence of the neue Frau and modeng xiaojie. The growth of the cities, industrialization and changes in the work force provided new opportunities for many women's lives. However, in the interwar period, anxiety-ridden discourses about sexual disorder and moral decay became significant forces and shaped attitudes toward women's roles in urban society. The article examines the critics and conflicts generated by the modern women in the two societies and the conditions leading to the demise of the modern women era in China and Germany.
... 4. MinoritiesSwitzerland. 5. Religion and stateSwitzerland. 6. Multilingualism Switzerland... more ... 4. MinoritiesSwitzerland. 5. Religion and stateSwitzerland. 6. Multilingualism Switzerland. I. Title. HN603.S35 305.8'009494 80-18458 ISBN 0-520-04079-1 Page 7. To Peter, without whom this work would not have been Page 8. Page 9. ...
Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, 1995
... In 1989, almost 60 percent of the foreign residents had lived in the Federal Republic for ten... more ... In 1989, almost 60 percent of the foreign residents had lived in the Federal Republic for ten years or more (Aziz, 1992). ... Key factors in explaining right-wing violence and anti-foreigner attitudes include a growing willingness to engage in unconven-tional forms of political ...
International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 2004
Page 1. Language Policy and Ethnic Tensions in Quebec and Latvia Carol Schmid*, Brigita Zepa** an... more Page 1. Language Policy and Ethnic Tensions in Quebec and Latvia Carol Schmid*, Brigita Zepa** and Arta Snipe*** ABSTRACT This ... territories. Schools in English in Quebec and schools in Russian in Latvia attracted most immigrants. ...
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