Electronics engg

Longitudinal control of the vehicle evolved from Cruise Control (CC) to Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and now recently to Stop and Go (SNG). SNG is the most demanding functionality of the intelligent car. This feature allows the vehicle to move in a congested traffic, at a speed less than 30 kmph, even without the intervention of the driver. It enables the vehicle to follow the leader car during a stop-and-go scenario. For safety, the system should stop the vehicle before it reaches the critical distance and for comfort, system should keep the deceleration and jerk bounded. In the proposed paper, Integrated Type-2 Fuzzy System is developed with two inputs from the sensor namely, relative velocity and relative distance. The output of the system is the percentage throttle opening and brake torque requirement. The very obvious reason for using integrated system is because brake and throttle are not simultaneously required in any driving condition. Three diversified scenarios are effectively handled by the system namely-car following, pedestrian crossing and stop and go.

A low noise amplifier is one of the most commonly used components in analog and digital circuit designs. Low voltage, low power and low noise amplifier design has become an increasingly interesting subject as many applications switch to portable battery powered operations. An amplifier is linear electronic circuits that may used amplify an input signal and provide an output signal that is a magnified replica of the input signal. The need for design techniques to allow amplifiers to maintain an acceptable level of performance when the supply voltages are decreased is immense for maintain high gain and as low as possible noise. Popular LNA topologies are the inductive source degeneration common-source low noise amplifier. The common source low noise amplifier is commonly used for narrow-band applications due to its ease of input matching, high gain and low noise. Using this method, overall gain can be increased and the noise figure of the low noise amplifier can be decreased.. This wo...

Mobile phone can serve as powerful tool for worldwide communication. A system is developed to remotely monitor process through spoken commands using mobile. Mel cepstrum features are extracted from spoken words. Learning Vector Quantization Neural Network is used for recognition of various words used in the command. The accuracy of spoken commands is about 98%. A text message is generated and sent to control system mobile in form of SMS. On receipt of SMS, control system mobile informs AVR micro-controller based card, which performs specified task. The system alerts user in case of occurrence of any abnormal conditions like power failure, loss of control, etc. Other applications where this approach can be extended are also discussed.

This paper describes the analysis of UWB interference on WiMax systems. Coexistence between these two systems is important due to unlicensed use of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz frequency band by UWB. The interference impact of UWB devices entirely depends on the victim receiver characteristics. From the knowledge of noise density and allowable maximum noise raise in WiMax receiver, maximum permissible interference due to UWB devices is calculated. For the coexistence between UWB Transmitter & WiMax Receiver for the given parameters distance and Probability of interference is calculated.

In modern short range wireless applications, RF, Bluetooth and UWB communication schemes are recommended with respect to power consumption, low/high data rates and location capability. Though special bandwidth is not allocated to UWB, coexistence of such signal in the available RF environment is a critical issue and hence analysis of UWB signal with respect to interference is very much required in dedicated WPAN networks. In this paper, effect of UWB interference for existing systems such as GPS, FWA, UMTS, DCS1800 is analyzed. Communication path distance is directly proportional to the UWB signal pulse width. To correctly define the UWB signal this functionality is realized by composing UWB signal and results are simulated using MATLAB.

In microelectronics design, power consumption, speed of operation, are crucial constraints. Propagation delay of circuit component has an impact on such factors. Pipelining and parallel processing strategies are utilized for desirable propagation delays and hence for clock and throughput variation respectively. To some extent variation in propagation delay is responsible for power consumption reduction. In this paper, pipelining and parallel processing concepts are analyzed with reference to task scheduling in real time system. Power consumption and speed of operation issues of such systems are analyzed.

UWB (Ultra-wideband) radio is a fast emerging technology with uniquely attractive features inviting major advances in wireless communications, networking, radar, imaging, and positioning systems.UWB technology is advance technology for high speed data transfer for indoor as well as outdoor communication. Paper provides the coexistence of WiMax and UWB system that work in band 3.1GHz to 10.6 GHz.The brief introduction of UWB system as well as various issues of coexistence between WiMax and UWB is described. PSD of OFDM signal is simulated using Matlab software.

Floating point division plays a vital role in quick processing applications. A division is one amongst the complicated modules needed in processors. Area, delay and power consumption are the main factors that play a significant role once planning a floating point dual-precision divider. Compared to different floating-point arithmetic, the design of division is way a lot of sophisticated and needs longer time. Floating point division is that the main arithmetic unit that is employed within the design of the many processors in the field of DSP, math processors and plenty of different applications. This paper relies on the dual-mode practicality of floating point division. The proposed designed architecture supports the single precision (32-bit) as well as double precision (64-bit) IEEE 754 floating point format. It uses restoring division technique for the fraction part division. This design consists of varied sub-modules like shifters, exceptional handlers, Normalizers and many more.  

Primary mode of communication is speech by which information can transfer. But hearing-impaired people are not able to communicate with the world. In this paper, low cost prototype model is developed to bridge communication gap for disable people like deaf, dumb and blind. Dump person uses sign language and blind person uses voice, both gives output in text and audio form. System uses atmega-32 as microcontroller, video recording module and flex sensor for developing communication between deaf and dumb with Blind person. For those persons who bothered to express their feelings due to their lack of ability, this device will helpful for them.

A novel CMOS four quadrant Analog multiplier in voltage mode configuration is designed and simulation. The results are analyzed using CMOS 180nm technology. The input voltage is applied to bulk terminal MOS to make it operate in exponential manner. The proposed multiplier architecture uses this exponential circuit and provides high performance characteristics for the Multiplier circuit. The results aresimulated on 180 nm technology. The 3dB measured bandwidth is 200.33MHz, power consumption achieved is 598nW. The designed multiplier architecture is feasible for many applications because of low voltage, low power high bandwidth and simple structure.

Insects are closely related to human existence and well-being in both senses. Flying insects are frequently used as vectors for the spread of diseases and cause serious harm to people as well as agricultural productivity over most of the world. In old method insects' detection, counting and killing is performed by sticky traps which are manually done, and these kinds of method are expensive and time consuming. We are working on a low-cost optical sensor that can identify flying insects at a distance using a weak laser beam. Although our concepts might have consequences for tracking beneficial insects, our primary goal is to employ classification methods to deliver precise real-time counts of disease carriers at the species/sex level. Here, we report some initial findings from our study, which involved three different insect species. We talk about how we might scale our methods to classify more species by augmenting the sensor with additional input sources.

This dissertation is dedicated to my God Jesus Christ on behalf of His grace and sufficient provision for all that I needed to complete this master's degree .Secondly to my dear Wife MICOMYIZA Aimée, thank you for your vast love, perseverance, assurance and support during this time. To those who helped me to accomplish this work, I dedicate this dissertation. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My heartfelt thanks go to all those who helped me complete this modest research. I would like to thank all the staff and faculty members of the School of Public Health for their support and encouragement throughout my academic journey. My deepest gratitude goes to my supervisor, Prof: Laetitia NYIRAZINYOYE and my cosupervisor Mrs Stella Matutina UMUHOZA, for the time dedicated to improve the content of this dissertation. I am grateful for their invaluable guidance, helpful comments and suggestions, patience and encouragement during this research.