Printing

Printing

Iri	aiki industry (en)

Daga sama zuwa kasa, hagu zuwa dama: Silinda hatimin wurin, toshe da ake amfani da shi don bugu na katako, nau'in motsi, bugu na bugu, latsa lithograph, latsa matsi da aka yi amfani da shi don bugu na lithographic na zamani, injin linotype don nau'in nau'in karfe mai zafi, firinta na dijital, firinta na 3D a aikace.

aikin printing kenan

Printing tsari ne don yawan sake buga rubutu da hotuna ta amfani da babban tsari ko samfuri. Farkon samfuran da ba takarda ba da suka haɗa da bugu sun haɗa da hatimin silinda da abubuwa kamar Cyrus Cylinder da Silinda na Nabonidus. Sigar da aka fi sani da bugu kamar yadda aka yi amfani da ita a takarda ita ce woodblock printing, wanda ta bayyana a China kafin 220 AD don buga zane. Duk da haka, ba za a yi amfani da shi a takarda ba har sai karni na bakwai. Daga baya abubuwan da suka faru a fasahar printing sun haɗa da nau'in motsi wanda Bi Sheng ya ƙirƙira a wajajen shekara ta 1040 AD da kuma na'urar bugawa da Johannes Gutenberg ya ƙirƙira a ƙarni na 15. Fasahar bugu ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ci gaban juyin-juya-hali da juyin-juya-hali na kimiya da kuma kafa ginshikin tattalin arziki na zamani wanda ya dogara da ilimin zamani da yaɗa ilmantarwa ga al'umma.

Tarihi

Woodblock printing

Woodblock printing wata dabara ce don buga rubutu, hotuna ko alamu waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a ko'ina cikin Gabashin Asiya. Ta samo asali ne a kasar Sin a zamanin da a matsayin hanyar bugawa a kan yadudduka kuma daga baya a kan takarda. A matsayin hanyar bugu akan zane, misalai na farko da suka tsira daga China sun kasance kafin 220 AD.

Manazarta

Matsakaicin gaban gaba na Diamond Sutra daga Daular Tang-China, 868 AD (Laburaren Biritaniya), an gano shi a kogon Laburare na Mogao Caves a Dunhuang, amma tabbas an buga shi a Sichuan.

Sanannen katako na farko, 1423, Buxheim, tare da launin hannu.