Papers by Jari-Pekka Mäkiaho
Page 1. POSIVA OY FI-27160 OLKILUOTO, FINLAND Tel +358-2-8372 31 Fax +358-2-8372 3709 Jari-Pekka ... more Page 1. POSIVA OY FI-27160 OLKILUOTO, FINLAND Tel +358-2-8372 31 Fax +358-2-8372 3709 Jari-Pekka Mäkiaho December 2005 Working Report 2005-70 ... Jari-Pekka Mäkiaho Department of Geography University of Helsinki Working Report 2005-70 ...
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Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2012
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In recent years the developing GIS methodologies have brought new insights into shore displacemen... more In recent years the developing GIS methodologies have brought new insights into shore displacement studies. In this study these methodologies are illustrated by combining the attained knowledge about shore displacement with topographic data in a GIS environment and the ...
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The ‘Antrea Net Find’, found in 1913 in Korpilahti on the Karelian Isthmus, is one of the most im... more The ‘Antrea Net Find’, found in 1913 in Korpilahti on the Karelian Isthmus, is one of the most important archaeological discoveries in Finland. For a long time, it was the oldest dated net find in Europe. New sediment samples were taken from the assumed find spot in 1998. The original net material and the new sediment sequence around the find spot were re-investigated using modern physical and palaeoecological techniques. They included AMS radiocarbon dates from the net material and the sediment above the find, as well as lithostratigraphical and isotope analyses from the surrounding sediment sequence. Also the material of the net cord was investigated. The palaeoenvironment of the Korpilahti area around the time of the event was reconstructed using modern biostratigraphical diatom and pollen methods. The ‘Antrea Net Find’ was recovered from the uppermost part of silty clay gyttja. The AMS radiocarbon date of the net yielded an age of 9140±135 BP. The net cord has been made of willo...
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Nykyinen Teotihuacán on noin 22 000 asukkaan kaupunki, joka sijaitsee noin 45 kilometriä koilli-s... more Nykyinen Teotihuacán on noin 22 000 asukkaan kaupunki, joka sijaitsee noin 45 kilometriä koilli-seen Meksiko Citystä. Kaupungin kupeessa sijaitse-vat muinaisen Teotihuacánin rauniot (kuva 1), jot-ka kiinnostavat niin paikallisia kuin ulkomaisiakin turisteja ja tutkijoita. ...
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Tilting of large lakes due to differential isostatic uplift in the glaciated regions of the North... more Tilting of large lakes due to differential isostatic uplift in the glaciated regions of the Northern Hemisphere is a well-documented process. With the help of accurate digital elevation models and spatial GIS analysis techniques, the resulting hydrological changes, including shifts in the outlets and changes in the size and configuration of lakes, can now be mapped and calculated more precisely than before. As a case study to highlight the magnitude of such changes in Fennoscandia, we investigated and reinterpreted the Holocene palaeogeography and palaeohydrology of Lake Pielinen in eastern Finland. This lake is currently 99 km long and located parallel to the direction of land uplift, being thus particularly sensitive to the impacts of tilting. Our results show that the lake was formed at the end of the regional deglaciation, following drainage of a local ice-dammed lake. In its initial stage until 10 200 cal yr BP, the outlet of the newly-formed lake was located in its northwestern end, but the tilting led to a major waterlevel transgression in the basin, eventually causing formation of a new outlet over the southeastern threshold. The lake area was 143 km long and its area was 1998 km2 at the time of formation of the southeastern outlet at 10 200 cal yr BP. The lakelevel has been regressive throughout the basin during the last 10 200 years. This regression will continue for approximately another 10 000 years
until all the glacial isostatic adjustment has occurred, after which Lake Pielinen will be only 89 km long and 565 km2 in area.
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The rise of GIS data and spatial modelling techniques has brought new insights into shore displac... more The rise of GIS data and spatial modelling techniques has brought new insights into shore displacement and palaeogeographical studies during recent years. The aim of this study was to compare the capabilities of a raster data and map algebra based technique with those of a vector data triangulated irregular network (TIN) based technique in the reconstruction of ancient and future shoreline positions in the vicinity of Olkiluoto, an island on the rapidly uplifting western coast of Finland. The first two models were carried out using a raster subtraction technique, with grid cell sizes of 200-m and 30-m, and a third model utilised a TIN intersection technique where the shoreline is derived from the intersection of the TIN representing the modern topography and the TIN representing the water plane of the reconstructed phase. The results show that the raster based technique has limited capability in recognition of important landscape features common to glacially sculptured coastal areas subject to glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), whereas the TIN-intersection technique provides more detailed information about the shoreline features. Comparison of the results reveals that the advantage of the TIN-intersection technique is more obvious the finer the scale is. Novel spatial modelling techniques improve the reconstructions of palaeolandscapes and shoreline positions of different time periods.
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The ‘Antrea Net Find’, which was found in 1913 from Korpilahti, Karelian Isthmus, is one of the m... more The ‘Antrea Net Find’, which was found in 1913 from Korpilahti, Karelian Isthmus, is one of the most important archaeological discoveries in Finland. It was for a long time the oldest dated net find in Europe.
New sediment samples were taken from the assumed find spot in 1998. The original net material and the new sediment sequence around the find spot were re-investigated by modern physical and palaeoecological techniques. They included AMS radiocarbon dates from the net material and sediment above the find, and lithostratigraphical and isotope analyses from the surrounding sediment sequence. Also the material of the net cord was investigated. The palaeoenvironment of the Korpilahti area at around the time of the event was reconstructed by the modern biostratigraphical diatom and pollen methods.
The ‘Antrea Net Find’ was recovered from the uppermost part of silty clay gyttja. The AMS radiocarbon date of the net yielded an age of 9140±135 BP. The net cord has been made of bast of willow. The dates from the silty gyttja sediment above the find level yielded ages 9095±90 and 8965±85 BP. Stable isotope data indicate a rapid change in the sediment c. 9000 BP (8250 calBC).
The radiocarbon dates with the diatom stratigraphy typical for the Ancylus Lake stage from Korpilahti suggest that the artefacts sank at a time of the maximum of the Ancylus transgression between 9200 and 9100 BP (8400 and 8300 calBC). At this time, the environment was characterized by forests dominated by pine, which had been present for hundreds of years and thus bark of old trees was readily available for the bark floats.
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Olkiluoto has been selected as the location of a repository for spent nuclear fuel. For
this rea... more Olkiluoto has been selected as the location of a repository for spent nuclear fuel. For
this reason, Posiva Oy is aiming to produce a modern biosphere assessment, including
changes with time. This study is part of that assessment framework, dealing particularly
with the shoreline displacement.
Land is currently rising about 6.8 mm per year at Olkiluoto and it is estimated that this
uplift will continue, slowly decreasing, for the next 10000 years. Other factors affecting
the shoreline displacement are the expected sea-level rise due to climatic change.
Colonization by vegetation also plays a small but locally significant role in the process
of shoreline displacement.
Shore displacement rapidly changes the landscape in areas like Olkiluoto, where the
terrain is relatively flat. During the Holocene the shore has displaced over 100
kilometres in Western Finland and the first summits of present Olkiluoto rose above
sea-level only about 2800 years before present.
In this study we model the positions of shoreline and the evolution of topography during
the two bygone and the coming eight millennia using GIS-methods and digital terrain
models.
Olkiluoto will become a part of the continent during the next decade. After 1000 years
the shoreline will lie about one kilometre away from that of present. After that, the
shoreline will displace more rapidly and after 4000 years it will already lie at a distance
of 10 kilometres. After 7000 years the shoreline will already have escaped to the border
of the study area, over 20 kilometres from Olkiluoto. The results of this study coincide
with previous studies.
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In recent years the developing GIS methodologies have brought new insights into shore displacemen... more In recent years the developing GIS methodologies have brought new insights into shore displacement studies. In this study these methodologies are illustrated by combining the attained knowledge about shore displacement with topographic data in a GIS environment and the post-glacial landscape evolution of Helsinki is presented.
GIS methodologies of shore displacement studies allow intelligible spatial presentation of the results and the possibility to determine areas, volumes, and dimensions of evolving basins and other topographic formations. These methodologies also provide the possibility to recognize the most critical unexplored study sites and form a good basis for different applications of, for example, archaeology, paleoclimatology, and other disciplines requiring paleotopographic information as source data.
The recent findings indicate that there is still work to do to thoroughly understand the processes of land uplift and shore displacement, and that GIS tools and methodologies provide great potential for this work.
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Teaching Documents by Jari-Pekka Mäkiaho
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Papers by Jari-Pekka Mäkiaho
until all the glacial isostatic adjustment has occurred, after which Lake Pielinen will be only 89 km long and 565 km2 in area.
New sediment samples were taken from the assumed find spot in 1998. The original net material and the new sediment sequence around the find spot were re-investigated by modern physical and palaeoecological techniques. They included AMS radiocarbon dates from the net material and sediment above the find, and lithostratigraphical and isotope analyses from the surrounding sediment sequence. Also the material of the net cord was investigated. The palaeoenvironment of the Korpilahti area at around the time of the event was reconstructed by the modern biostratigraphical diatom and pollen methods.
The ‘Antrea Net Find’ was recovered from the uppermost part of silty clay gyttja. The AMS radiocarbon date of the net yielded an age of 9140±135 BP. The net cord has been made of bast of willow. The dates from the silty gyttja sediment above the find level yielded ages 9095±90 and 8965±85 BP. Stable isotope data indicate a rapid change in the sediment c. 9000 BP (8250 calBC).
The radiocarbon dates with the diatom stratigraphy typical for the Ancylus Lake stage from Korpilahti suggest that the artefacts sank at a time of the maximum of the Ancylus transgression between 9200 and 9100 BP (8400 and 8300 calBC). At this time, the environment was characterized by forests dominated by pine, which had been present for hundreds of years and thus bark of old trees was readily available for the bark floats.
this reason, Posiva Oy is aiming to produce a modern biosphere assessment, including
changes with time. This study is part of that assessment framework, dealing particularly
with the shoreline displacement.
Land is currently rising about 6.8 mm per year at Olkiluoto and it is estimated that this
uplift will continue, slowly decreasing, for the next 10000 years. Other factors affecting
the shoreline displacement are the expected sea-level rise due to climatic change.
Colonization by vegetation also plays a small but locally significant role in the process
of shoreline displacement.
Shore displacement rapidly changes the landscape in areas like Olkiluoto, where the
terrain is relatively flat. During the Holocene the shore has displaced over 100
kilometres in Western Finland and the first summits of present Olkiluoto rose above
sea-level only about 2800 years before present.
In this study we model the positions of shoreline and the evolution of topography during
the two bygone and the coming eight millennia using GIS-methods and digital terrain
models.
Olkiluoto will become a part of the continent during the next decade. After 1000 years
the shoreline will lie about one kilometre away from that of present. After that, the
shoreline will displace more rapidly and after 4000 years it will already lie at a distance
of 10 kilometres. After 7000 years the shoreline will already have escaped to the border
of the study area, over 20 kilometres from Olkiluoto. The results of this study coincide
with previous studies.
GIS methodologies of shore displacement studies allow intelligible spatial presentation of the results and the possibility to determine areas, volumes, and dimensions of evolving basins and other topographic formations. These methodologies also provide the possibility to recognize the most critical unexplored study sites and form a good basis for different applications of, for example, archaeology, paleoclimatology, and other disciplines requiring paleotopographic information as source data.
The recent findings indicate that there is still work to do to thoroughly understand the processes of land uplift and shore displacement, and that GIS tools and methodologies provide great potential for this work.
Teaching Documents by Jari-Pekka Mäkiaho
until all the glacial isostatic adjustment has occurred, after which Lake Pielinen will be only 89 km long and 565 km2 in area.
New sediment samples were taken from the assumed find spot in 1998. The original net material and the new sediment sequence around the find spot were re-investigated by modern physical and palaeoecological techniques. They included AMS radiocarbon dates from the net material and sediment above the find, and lithostratigraphical and isotope analyses from the surrounding sediment sequence. Also the material of the net cord was investigated. The palaeoenvironment of the Korpilahti area at around the time of the event was reconstructed by the modern biostratigraphical diatom and pollen methods.
The ‘Antrea Net Find’ was recovered from the uppermost part of silty clay gyttja. The AMS radiocarbon date of the net yielded an age of 9140±135 BP. The net cord has been made of bast of willow. The dates from the silty gyttja sediment above the find level yielded ages 9095±90 and 8965±85 BP. Stable isotope data indicate a rapid change in the sediment c. 9000 BP (8250 calBC).
The radiocarbon dates with the diatom stratigraphy typical for the Ancylus Lake stage from Korpilahti suggest that the artefacts sank at a time of the maximum of the Ancylus transgression between 9200 and 9100 BP (8400 and 8300 calBC). At this time, the environment was characterized by forests dominated by pine, which had been present for hundreds of years and thus bark of old trees was readily available for the bark floats.
this reason, Posiva Oy is aiming to produce a modern biosphere assessment, including
changes with time. This study is part of that assessment framework, dealing particularly
with the shoreline displacement.
Land is currently rising about 6.8 mm per year at Olkiluoto and it is estimated that this
uplift will continue, slowly decreasing, for the next 10000 years. Other factors affecting
the shoreline displacement are the expected sea-level rise due to climatic change.
Colonization by vegetation also plays a small but locally significant role in the process
of shoreline displacement.
Shore displacement rapidly changes the landscape in areas like Olkiluoto, where the
terrain is relatively flat. During the Holocene the shore has displaced over 100
kilometres in Western Finland and the first summits of present Olkiluoto rose above
sea-level only about 2800 years before present.
In this study we model the positions of shoreline and the evolution of topography during
the two bygone and the coming eight millennia using GIS-methods and digital terrain
models.
Olkiluoto will become a part of the continent during the next decade. After 1000 years
the shoreline will lie about one kilometre away from that of present. After that, the
shoreline will displace more rapidly and after 4000 years it will already lie at a distance
of 10 kilometres. After 7000 years the shoreline will already have escaped to the border
of the study area, over 20 kilometres from Olkiluoto. The results of this study coincide
with previous studies.
GIS methodologies of shore displacement studies allow intelligible spatial presentation of the results and the possibility to determine areas, volumes, and dimensions of evolving basins and other topographic formations. These methodologies also provide the possibility to recognize the most critical unexplored study sites and form a good basis for different applications of, for example, archaeology, paleoclimatology, and other disciplines requiring paleotopographic information as source data.
The recent findings indicate that there is still work to do to thoroughly understand the processes of land uplift and shore displacement, and that GIS tools and methodologies provide great potential for this work.