Sekolah Ilmu Kajian Stratejik dan Global

Suji (Pleomele angustifolia) is one kind of Indonesian typical plants which can be used as natural green food coloring agent. The susceptibility of natural pigment to external environment forces the protection in order to prolong its shelf life. Encapsulation has been known in the art of food preparation to provide protection for several ingredients including food coloring agent. The objective of this study was to observe the method for isolation and encapsulation of thylakoid, and to investigate the stability and characteristics of thylakoid of suji leaves encapsulated in maltodextrin during dark storage at 30 °C, 45 °C, and 60 °C. The degradation of the encapsulated pigments was identified through chromametric analysis which resulted in the increase of L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) values. In addition, it was also indicated by the decrease of total chlorophyll (TC) which was determined using spectrophotometer. Chromatography analysis confirmed the presence of f...

Current efforts to explore the potency of marine resources have been made to promote economic development in Indonesia, especially in the industrial sector. Marine cyanobacteria such as Arthospira sp. and Scytonema sp. are two potential candidates of the blue-green algae that can be used in the application for food and health industries. This study focused on the identification of the composition of the dominant chlorophylls and carotenoids. The results showed the presence of Zeaxanthin, Chlorophyll a, and β-carotene. The economic potency of those dominant pigments will be reviewed in this article.

It has been known that most natural pigments are unstable upon exposure against several environmental factors, such as thermal treatment, light, oxidizing or reducing agents, as well as acid or alkaline compounds. Encapsulation procedures is often adopted to adjust the solubility and provide protection to the natural pigments. Here, we prepared an encapsulated beetroot extract as the candidate of red bio-colorant. The primary aim of the present study is to investigate color alteration of encapsulated beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extract upon dissolving in various pH adjustment and prolonged storage. The McIllvainne buffer was prepared in various pH range, i.e. from 2 to 11. The encapsulated extract (0.1% w/v) was dissolved and the color of the solutions were measured regularly until 3 days storage under darkness at 200C. Any degradation or structural changes will cause color alteration, which were monitored through L*, a*, b* values, the hue angle (H°), chroma values (C), as well as ...

Health consciousness and the need to maintain immune system have increased the demand for fresh fruit and vegetable juices due to the presence of nutritional benefits including colorful pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins. Besides providing green, yellow, and red color in fruits and vegetables, these phytochemical compounds play an important role in health maintenance through their antioxidant activity. However, natural pigments have been known to be susceptible to adverse conditions including pH and temperature. Heat treatment is commonly applied in the processing of fresh juices in order to extend shelf-life. Nevertheless, thermal treatments have been reported to cause detrimental impacts on the quality of juices. Thus, non-thermal treatments such as high pressure processing (HPP) and ultraviolet (UV) light have become alternative methods to preserve the juices without high impact on nutritional and sensory characteristics. This review underlines the chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin pigments in green, yellow, and red fresh juices obtained from several fruits and vegetables, with the influence of pH and non-thermal treatments (HPP and UV) on the color and stability of pigments in the fresh juices.

Society's latest lifestyle has developed to a more rapid mobilization and advanced technology which makes people's daily needs of nutrients have altered as well. This phenomenon comes to consequences where healthy diet has been neglected and people consume food only to fulfill the calories-which can be supplied by consumption of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. To reach good health status, intake of micronutrients is also important to maintain biological process occurred inside human's body as the deficiency of them may interfere the continuity of metabolic regulation of the body. Carotenoids have been known as pigments that are synthesized only in plants. The roles of carotenoids for the improvement of health have been investigated by numerous research reports, and they are highlighted in this review paper, especially their role for pregnancy and also, growth and development of infants and children. Readers will be able to read recommendation of carotenoid sources and their carotenoid composition that can be consumed periodically. Furthermore, several techniques on processing technology were also elaborated to improve people's knowledge to preserve carotenoids in the ingredients.

PT. Juya Aceh Mining is a mining business who take in handle about iron ore, in a geographic manner this research located at coordinate 96o 34’ 57” – 97o 09 ’19” east longitude and 3o 34’ 24” -  4o 05’ 37” north latitude, mining activity at PT. Juya Aceh Mining will do with make two block, that is block A and block B. This research location use open pit mining methode to do mining activity, in order to have effective mining PT. Juya Aceh Mining will do blasting activity at the operation. Blasting technical plan will do with C.J Konya methode. Based on result from the plan that have implemented to mining activity at A block and B block we know the materials that would demolished suddenly stand up of 2 kind there is ore (iron ore) and over burden. Where on the design ore block will be use diameter drill hole who have a measurement 6” and produce geometry in the form of burden (3m), spasi (4m) with deep hole (11 m) ,so that produce insitu volume as many as (140.47 m 3 ) or loses volume...

PT. Juya Aceh Mining is a mining business who take in handle about iron ore, in a geographic manner this research located at coordinate 96o 34’ 57” – 97o 09 ’19” east longitude and 3o 34’ 24” -  4o 05’ 37” north latitude, mining activity at PT. Juya Aceh Mining will do with make two block, that is block A and block B. This research location use open pit mining methode to do mining activity, in order to have effective mining PT. Juya Aceh Mining will do blasting activity at the operation. Blasting technical plan will do with C.J Konya methode. Based on result from the plan that have implemented to mining activity at A block and B block we know the materials that would demolished suddenly stand up of 2 kind there is ore (iron ore) and over burden. Where on the design ore block will be use diameter drill hole who have a measurement 6” and produce geometry in the form of burden (3m), spasi (4m) with deep hole (11 m) ,so that produce insitu volume as many as (140.47 m3) or loses volume a...

Banana, as the world’s most consumed fruit, is a good source of carbohydrate, potassium, fiber, and other essential nutrients such as pro-vitamin A carotenoids. The carotenoid content and composition in bananas commonly sold in fruit shops in Malang have become interesting studies. Five types of banana, i.e. Berlin, Mas, Cavendish, Candi and Raja were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The carotenoid concentrations ranged between 347–3,660 µg/100 g dry weight (dw), with the level of vitamin A activity at the range between 6-139 µg RAE/100 g dw. The Mas banana had a higher carotenoid concentration compared to the Berlin, Candi, Raja, and Cavendish varieties.

Chlorophyll and carotenoid are vital components that can be found in the intrinsic part of chloroplast. Their functions include light-harvesting, energy transfer, photochemical redox reaction, as well as photoprotection. These pigments are bound non-covalently to protein to make pigment-protein supercomplex. The exact number and stoichiometry of these pigments in higher plants are varied, but their compositions include chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, lutein, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin and β-carotene. This chapter provides introduction to the structure and photophysical properties of these pigments, how they assemble as pigment-protein complexes and how they do their functions. Various common methods for isolation, separation and identification of chlorophylls and carotenoid are also discussed.

Organizational culture is the values, norms, practices, and procedures agreed upon by the members in the organization. Organizational culture will shape the attitudes and behaviors shared among members of the organization. It is then predicted to form a strong organizational commitment by employees. This research aims to investigated the influence of organizational culture and work involvement toward the organizational commitment in improving employee's performance in the regional development planning agency of Bengkulu Province. This study used a survey as the data collection method. Questionnaires were distributed directly to the target respondents as a data collection tool. Organizational culture, work involvement and employee's performance will be analyzed using Structural Qquation Modeling (SEM) with LISREL 8.30 as a data analysis tool that is used. The result of this study show that the totally variabel have t hypotheses value more than 1.96. This means that the model proposed in this study has a good fit according to the real phenomenon observed. The results also showed that the path coefficients of organizational culture and job involvement significantly influence the organizational commitment.

The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal in soil may affect growth and yield of chili (Capsicum annuum L.). This experiment was done to know the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on growth of chilli. Microwave soil sterilization was used to reduce the number of microbes in the media, enabling to observe the interaction between chili peppers and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A single culture products (A) and mixed culture products (B) were used as arbuscular mycorrhizal spores. In contrast to product A, the spore counted calculation reported that product B had the most spores, with 51 spores / 50 g soil. The treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and microwave sterilization against the height of chili plant had no significant effect, according to a two-factor ANOVA (α: 0.05) analysis of agronomic characteristics. Inoculation of mycorrhizae had a significant effect on chili plant height. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and microwave sterilization had significant e...

Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a common commodity used as spice and pharmaceutical uses around the world. However, chili pepper cultivation failure often occurs due to drought exposure. The inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), such as Funneliformis mosseae, has the potential to induce defense against drought stress through symbiotic association with plant roots. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of F. mosseae inoculation on the growth of chili pepper under repeated drought stress.  Chili pepper plants were exposed to three drought regimes for two cycles, with one rewatering event between the cycles.  The plant agronomic variables, physiological performance, and microorganism parameters were observed. The results showed that the plant height, fresh and dry shoot weight, along with fresh and dry root weight increased significantly with F. mosseae inoculation under repeated drought stress. The F. mosseae treatment also increased water relat...

Indonesia adalah sebuah negara berkembang yang berpenduduk terbanyak ke empat di seluruh dunia. Beberapa permasalahan yang sangat kompleks mengenai permasalahan di negara berkembang begitu beragam dimulai dari ekonomi seperti kemiskinan, perebutan kebudayaan hingga masalah kependudukan. Masalah mengenai kependudukan sangatlah beragam salah satunya adalah masalah ketenagakerjaan. Indonesia adalah negara berkembang yang perlu pengembangan dalam berbagai bidang dalam ekonomi, sosial hingga budaya.