Professor Dr. Loutfy H . Madkour

Al-Baha University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Chemistry Department, Faculty Member

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Prof. Loutfy H. Madkour is a professor of physical chemistry and nanoscience at Tanta University (Egypt). He earned his BSc, MSc, and PhD in physical chemistry from the Cairo, Minia, and Tanta universities in Egypt, respectively. He has published 200 peer-reviewed original research articles, 25 review articles, and 8 books in Publishers: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc.; Springer Nature Switzerland AG; CRC Press. Copyright. And LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
His name has been listed in the top 2% of the most distinguished and influential scientists globally according to the ranking and database of Stanford American University of Scientists globally in (2022).
He obtained Award: ISAO of the year (2022): "Lifetime Achievement Award" in the International Scientist Awards on Engineering, Science and Medicine.
He obtained Awards: ISAO of the years (2022, 2021 and 2020): "Distinguished Scientist Award" in the International Research Awards on Science, Technology, and Management.
He is an editorial board member of several international journals, including International Journal of Industrial Chemistry (IJIC—Springer); International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water; Global Drugs and Therapeutics; Chronicles of Pharmaceutical Science; Journal of Targeted Drug Delivery; UPI Journal of Pharmaceutical, Medical and Health Sciences; Global Journal of Nanomedicine; Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research; Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Research; LOJ Pharmacology & Clinical Research; CPQ Medicine; Pharmaceutical Sciences & Analytical Research Journal; Japan Journal of Research; Organic & Medicinal Chemistry International Journal; Nanotechnology & Applications; Materials Science Journal; Journal of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (JCSCE); United Journal of Nanotechnology and Medicine; Clinical Practice (Therapy) journal; Journal of Materials New Horizons; Journal of Radiology and Medical Imaging; MedDocs Publishers; World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (WJPPS); Journal of Material Science and Technology Research—RBM; Ecronicon: EC Clinical & Medical Case Reports (ECCMC); Medical Research and Health Sciences; Acta Scientific Women's Health Journal; PHARMACOGNOSY Journal; Journal of Community Medicine and Health Care Management; Environmental Degradation of Materials of Frontiers in Materials; Journal of Cancer Therapy and Research; Journal of Materials and Polymer Science; Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Investigation; Radiology & Imaging Journal; EC Clinical and Medical Case Reports; BOHR International Journal of Pharmaceutical Studies (BIJOPS); General medicine and Clinical Practice; Journal of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Digestive Disorders and International Journal of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry.
He is a Reviewer for many international at ELSEVIER and SPRINGER journals. He is a member for many interested international societies, including American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), European Desalination Society (EDS), Egyptian Chemical Society (ECS), Egyptian Corrosion Bulletin Society and American Chemical Society (ACS).
Phone: +966533899075
Address: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al Baha University, Baljarashi 65635, Saudi Arabia
E-mail address: loutfy_madkour@yahoo.com; lha.madkour@gmail.com; lmadkour@bu.edu.sa

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Papers by Professor Dr. Loutfy H . Madkour

Halogen-substituted pyrazolo-pyrimidine derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for copper in sulfuric acid solution

Int. J. Corros. Scale Inhib., 2018, 7, no. 2, 236–249, 2018

Sulfuric acid is widely used in several industrial fields, such as acid pickling, acid cleaning a... more Sulfuric acid is widely used in several industrial fields, such as acid pickling, acid cleaning and acid descaling, which cause serious corrosion issues. Especially, copper being widely applied in industrial is vulnerable to be corroded by the acid. The usage of corrosion inhibitor is one of the most important techniques for controlling the corrosion. Several organic inhibitors containing hetero-atom, π-electrons and double bond have been applied for the corrosion inhibition of copper, which are found to exhibit high inhibiting properties by providing electrons to interact with metal surface. However, the use of several heterocyclic inhibitors has caused negative impact on the environment due to their toxicity and non-biodegradability. In this paper, pyrazolo-pyrimidine derivatives are found to attract great attention owing to their eco-friendly properties. Corrosion inhibited properties of three pyrazolo-pyrimidine derivatives namely 4-amino pyrazolo-pyrimidine (APP), 3-bromine 4-amino pyrazolo-pyrimidine (Br-APP) and 3-iodine 4-amino pyrazolo-pyrimidine (I-APP) on copper in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 solution were studied using electrochemical method and surface analysis techniques. Corrosion of copper has been largely inhibited by the inhibitors and the inhibited efficiency increase with the augment of concentration. The adsorption isotherms were simulated to explore the adsorption mode of inhibitors. Furthermore, theoretical calculations were applied to research the mechanism of inhibitors on copper.

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Hydantoins-Based Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Acidic and Alkaline Solutions

Hydantoins-Based Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Acidic and Alkaline Solutions, 2025

Hydantoins substituents have been studied as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in HNO 3 and NaO... more Hydantoins substituents have been studied as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in HNO 3 and NaOH media. The studies involve chemical and electrochemical methods. Weight loss, thermometric and Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) have been applied. The experimental measurements have been confirmed by quantum chemical calculations and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Potentiodynamic polarization studies reveal that the hydantoin derivatives act as mixed type inhibitor. The adsorption obeyed the Temkin adsorption isotherm model. Electronic parameters relevant to their inhibition activity such as EHOMO, ELUMO, Energy gap (ΔE),

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Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Thiazolyl Blue as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Copper in Neutral Sodium Chloride Solution

Materials, Jun 19, 2018

The anticorrosion effect of thiazolyl blue (MTT) for copper in 3% NaCl at 298 K was researched by... more The anticorrosion effect of thiazolyl blue (MTT) for copper in 3% NaCl at 298 K was researched by electrochemical methods, scanning electron-microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results reveal that MTT can protect copper efficiently, with a maximum efficiency of 95.7%. The corrosion inhibition mechanism was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectral (FT-IR), and theoretical calculation. The results suggest that the MTT molecules are adsorbed on metal surface forming a hydrophobic protective film to prevent copper corrosion. It also indicates that the MTT and copper form covalent bonds. The molecular dynamic simulation further gives the evidence for adsorption. The adsorption isotherm studies demonstrate that a spontaneous, mixed physical and chemical adsorption occurs, which obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The present research can help us better understand the corrosion inhibition process and improve it.

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Testing Interval Forecasts: A GMM-Based Approach

Journal of Forecasting, Nov 28, 2011

This paper proposes a new evaluation framework for interval forecasts. Our model free test can be... more This paper proposes a new evaluation framework for interval forecasts. Our model free test can be used to evaluate intervals forecasts and High Density Regions, potentially discontinuous and/or asymmetric. Using a simple J-statistic, based on the moments defined by the orthonormal polynomials associated with the Binomial distribution, this new approach presents many advantages. First, its implementation is extremely easy. Second, it allows for a separate test for unconditional coverage, independence and conditional coverage hypotheses. Third, Monte-Carlo simulations show that for realistic sample sizes, our GMM test has good small-sample properties. These results are corroborated by an empirical application on SP500 and Nikkei stock market indexes. It confirms that using this GMM test leads to major consequences for the ex-post evaluation of interval forecasts produced by linear versus nonlinear models.

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Characterization of a Spontaneous Nonmagnetic Mutant of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense Reveals a Large Deletion Comprising a Putative Magnetosome Island

Journal of Bacteriology, Oct 1, 2003

Frequent spontaneous loss of the magnetic phenotype was observed in stationary-phase cultures of ... more Frequent spontaneous loss of the magnetic phenotype was observed in stationary-phase cultures of the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1. A nonmagnetic mutant, designated strain MSR-1B, was isolated and characterized. The mutant lacked any structures resembling magnetosome crystals as well as internal membrane vesicles. The growth of strain MSR-1B was impaired under all growth conditions tested, and the uptake and accumulation of iron were drastically reduced under iron-replete conditions. A large chromosomal deletion of approximately 80 kb was identified in strain MSR-1B, which comprised both the entire mamAB and mamDC clusters as well as further putative operons encoding a number of magnetosomeassociated proteins. A bacterial artificial chromosome clone partially covering the deleted region was isolated from the genomic library of wild-type M. gryphiswaldense. Sequence analysis of this fragment revealed that all previously identified mam genes were closely linked with genes encoding other magnetosome-associated proteins within less than 35 kb. In addition, this region was remarkably rich in insertion elements and harbored a considerable number of unknown gene families which appeared to be specific for magnetotactic bacteria. Overall, these findings suggest the existence of a putative large magnetosome island in M. gryphiswaldense and other magnetotactic bacteria.

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Dynamics of the Moroccan Industry Indices Network Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The International journal of banking and finance, 2023

This paper studies the topological properties of the dynamics of the industry indices network at ... more This paper studies the topological properties of the dynamics of the industry indices network at the Moroccan stock exchange by using network theory. The Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) was constructed from the metric distances which had been calculated for the different pairs of industrial indices. The dynamics of the MST were analysed over the period 2013 to 2020 using the sliding window technique. The period studied was divided into the pre-pandemic Covid-19 period and the pandemic Covid-19 period. Connectivity and centrality indicators were calculated to track the connectivity structure over time and to identify the positioning and the importance of the industry indices studied. The result of this study indicates that the network of industry indices was relatively stable during the pre-pandemic Covid-19 period

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Intelligent Learning Algorithms for Active Vibration Control

IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetics, Sep 1, 2007

This correspondence presents an investigation into the comparative performance of an active vibra... more This correspondence presents an investigation into the comparative performance of an active vibration control (AVC) system using a number of intelligent learning algorithms. Recursive least square (RLS), evolutionary genetic algorithms (GAs), general regression neural network (GRNN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) algorithms are proposed to develop the mechanisms of an AVC system. The controller is designed on the basis of optimal vibration suppression using a plant model. A simulation platform of a flexible beam system in transverse vibration using a finite difference method is considered to demonstrate the capabilities of the AVC system using RLS, GAs, GRNN, and ANFIS. The simulation model of the AVC system is implemented, tested, and its performance is assessed for the system identification models using the proposed algorithms. Finally, a comparative performance of the algorithms in implementing the model of the AVC system is presented and discussed through a set of experiments.

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Electrochemical Behaviour of 3-Arylazo-1,2,4-triazole Compounds in Aqueous Buffered Solutions

Journal of Chemical Research-s, 1998

A variety of electroanalytical methods, e.g. DC polarography, cyclic voltammetry and controlled p... more

Cloning and Expression of a Ralstonia eutropha HF39 Gene Mediating Indigo Formation in Escherichia coli

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Apr 1, 2001

Escherichia coli strains carrying hybrid plasmid pBEC/EE:11.0, pSKBEC/BE:9.0, pSKBEC/PP:3.3, or p... more Escherichia coli strains carrying hybrid plasmid pBEC/EE:11.0, pSKBEC/BE:9.0, pSKBEC/PP:3.3, or pSKBEC/PP:2.4 harboring genomic DNA of Ralstonia eutropha HF39 produced a blue pigment characterized as indigo by several chemical and spectroscopic methods. A 1,251-bp open reading frame (bec) was cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of bec showed only weak similarities to short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenases, and the gene product catalyzed formation of indoxyl, a reactive preliminary stage for production of indigo.

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Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting is associated with significant plasma metabolomics changes in subjects with overweight and obese: A prospective cohort study

Research Square (Research Square), Aug 3, 2022

During the holy month of Ramadan, adult healthy Muslims are mandated to abstain from dawn to suns... more During the holy month of Ramadan, adult healthy Muslims are mandated to abstain from dawn to sunset, with free eating night hours that may extend up to 12 hours. The current work was designed to investigate the metabolomics changes incurred upon the observance of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting (RDIF). Twenty-ve metabolically healthy participants with overweight and obesity (7 females and 18 males, with a mean age of 39.48 ± 10.0 years) were recruited for the study and were followed before and at the end of RDIF month. Dietary, anthropometric, biochemical, and physical activity assessments were performed before and at the end of the fasting month. The metabolomic assay was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the two-time points. Metabolomics assay revealed a signi cant reduction in a few metabolites. The analysis revealed that 27 metabolites differed signi cantly (P < 0.05) between pre-and post-RDIF. Among the differentially abundant metabolites, 23 showed a decrease with fasting, these included several amino acids such as aspartame, tryptophan, phenylalanine, histidine, and other metabolites including valeric acid, and cortisol. On the other hand, only four metabolites showed increased levels with RDIF including traumatic acid, 2-pyrrolidinone, PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)), and L-sorbose. The MetaboAnalyst® platform reported that the top enriched metabolic pathways included: (1) histidine metabolism; (2) folate biosynthesis (3) phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; (3) aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; (3) caffeine metabolism (4) vitamin B6 metabolism; and several other pathways relating to lipid metabolisms such as arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism. In conclusion, RDIF entails signi cant changes in various metabolic pathways that re ect different dietary and lifestyle behaviors practiced during the fasting month.

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Haptoglobin polymorphism modulates cardiometabolic impacts of four consecutive weeks, dawn to sunset Ramadan intermittent fasting among subjects with overweight/obesity

Aims Haptoglobin (Hp) is a multifaceted marker of inflammation, and mediates the interplay betwee... more Aims Haptoglobin (Hp) is a multifaceted marker of inflammation, and mediates the interplay between obesity, inflammation, and cardiometabolic dysfunction. However, the role of the Hp phenotype in modulating intermittent fasting (IF)-induced changes in cardiometabolic markers remains to be elucidated. Methods Hp phenotype was determined for the study subjects. Cardiometabolic markers were assessed before and at the end of four consecutive weeks, dawn to sunset IF. Results A total of 114 subjects (75 males and 39 females, 38.7 ± 11.7 years, body mass index (BMI) of 30.41 ± 5.09 kg/m2) were recruited. Hp2-2 (n = 55, 48.2%) and Hp2-1 (n = 53, 46.5%) were the predominant phenotypes. Significant reductions were observed in serum Hp, IL-6, TNF-α, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL, BMI, fat mass (FM), while the significant elevation was observed in serum CD163, HDL, and IL-10 at the end of the IF month for the whole population. Based on the Hp polymorphism, significant decreas...

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Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution, and Therapeutic Applications of Recently Developed siRNA and DNA Repair Genes Recurrence

Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment, 2022

Principles of Computational Simulations Devices and Characterization of Nanoelectronic Materials

Advanced Structured Materials, 2019

Quantum mechanical effects can arise and the classical Ohm’s law of electronic transport breaks d... more Quantum mechanical effects can arise and the classical Ohm’s law of electronic transport breaks down. On the other hand, such quantum effects are not necessarily harmful if we have the basic understanding of them, as they can be used to design radically new types of electronic components. The development and manufacturing of such components at the scale of nanometers is the key aspect and idea of nanotechnology.

Electrolytic separation of lead and its dioxide from carbonate ore residiuum

Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 1995

Electrowinning work is carried out on the roasted Eastern Desert complex carbonate ore residuum. ... more Electrowinning work is carried out on the roasted Eastern Desert complex carbonate ore residuum. Lead and its dioxide are electrodeposited from various electrolyte ore baths and the results showed a wide variety of ore electrolyte solutions, either in the form of soluble simple ore salts, or those containing complex ore anions. The optimum conditions and the efficiency of the electrolytic extraction are determined experimentally on the ore leach solutions.

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Survey of shortest Path Algorithms

International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering, 2019

Understanding the corrosion behavior of amorphous multiple-layer carbon coating

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Protective effect of curcumin on oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation against lambda cyhalothrin-induced liver damage in rats

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2012

LCT is a synthetic pyrethroid, developed as an insecticide for agricultural and public health app... more LCT is a synthetic pyrethroid, developed as an insecticide for agricultural and public health applications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the adverse effects of LCT on rat liver and to elucidate hepatoprotective ability of CMN against LCT. Liver injury in male rats was induced by oral administration of LCT at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. CMN (200 mg/kg/day by oral administration) was used as a protective agent for the same period as LCT. Serum and liver samples were collected from all groups at the end of the experimental period. LCT-intoxication elicited significant elevations in hepatic markers enzymes (ALT and AST) and MDA concomitant with significant declines in the antioxidant enzymes (GPx, GST and GR), GSH and TP levels. In addition, it was noted that LCT-intoxicated group exhibited a degree of liver DNA fragmentation. Oral intake of CMN to LCT-intoxicated rats exhibited significant decrease in liver enzymes activities and lipid peroxidation, significant increase in antioxidant enzymes activities and partial inhibition in DNA fragmentation. Therefore, it was concluded that CMN has the ability to scavenge free radicals, protect against oxidative stress and prevent DNA fragmentation induced by LCT intoxication.

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Analysis and optimization of triacylglycerol synthesis in novel oleaginous Rhodococcus and Streptomyces strains isolated from desert soil

Journal of biotechnology, Jan 10, 2016

As oleaginous microorganisms represent an upcoming novel feedstock for the biotechnological produ... more As oleaginous microorganisms represent an upcoming novel feedstock for the biotechnological production of lipids or lipid-derived biofuels, we searched for novel, lipid-producing strains in desert soil. This was encouraged by the hypothesis that neutral lipids represent an ideal storage compound, especially under arid conditions, as several animals are known to outlast long periods in absence of drinking water by metabolizing their body fat. Ten lipid-accumulating bacterial strains, affiliated to the genera Bacillus, Cupriavidus, Nocardia, Rhodococcus and Streptomyces, were isolated from arid desert soil due to their ability to synthesize poly(β-hydroxybutyrate), triacylglycerols or wax esters. Particularly two Streptomyces sp. strains and one Rhodococcus sp. strain accumulate significant amounts of TAG under storage conditions under optimized cultivation conditions. Rhodococcus sp. A27 and Streptomyces sp. G49 synthesized approx. 30% (w/w) fatty acids from fructose or cellobiose, r...

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Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Silicon Synergistically Enhance Salinity Tolerance of Mung Bean

Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016

The present study explored the eco-friendly approach of utilizing plant-growth-promoting rhizobac... more The present study explored the eco-friendly approach of utilizing plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation and foliar application of silicon (Si) to improve the physiology, growth, and yield of mung bean under saline conditions. We isolated 18 promising PGPR from natural saline soil in Saudi Arabia, and screened them for plant-growth-promoting activities. Two effective strains were selected from the screening trial, and were identified as Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus drentensis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques, respectively. Subsequently, in a 2-year mung bean field trial, using a randomized complete block design with a split-split plot arrangement, we evaluated the two PGPR strains and two Si levels (1 and 2 kg ha -1 ), in comparison with control treatments, under three different saline irrigation conditions (3.12, 5.46, and 7.81 dS m -1 ). The results indicated that salt stress substantially reduced stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid content, plant height, leaf area, dry biomass, seed yield, and salt tolerance index. The PGPR strains and Si levels independently improved all the aforementioned parameters. Furthermore, the combined application of the B. drentensis strain with 2 kg Si ha -1 resulted in the greatest enhancement of mung bean physiology, growth, and yield. Overall, the results of this study provide important information for the benefit of the agricultural industry.

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Design of silicon hollow waveguide polarizer using multilayer structures

IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics, 2005. @nd

Integrated in-line polarizers based on hollow waveguide with multilayer sidewalls compatible with... more

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Halogen-substituted pyrazolo-pyrimidine derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for copper in sulfuric acid solution

Int. J. Corros. Scale Inhib., 2018, 7, no. 2, 236–249, 2018

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Hydantoins-Based Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Acidic and Alkaline Solutions

Hydantoins-Based Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Acidic and Alkaline Solutions, 2025

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Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Thiazolyl Blue as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Copper in Neutral Sodium Chloride Solution

Materials, Jun 19, 2018

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Testing Interval Forecasts: A GMM-Based Approach

Journal of Forecasting, Nov 28, 2011

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Characterization of a Spontaneous Nonmagnetic Mutant of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense Reveals a Large Deletion Comprising a Putative Magnetosome Island

Journal of Bacteriology, Oct 1, 2003

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Dynamics of the Moroccan Industry Indices Network Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The International journal of banking and finance, 2023

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Intelligent Learning Algorithms for Active Vibration Control

IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetics, Sep 1, 2007

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Electrochemical Behaviour of 3-Arylazo-1,2,4-triazole Compounds in Aqueous Buffered Solutions

Journal of Chemical Research-s, 1998

A variety of electroanalytical methods, e.g. DC polarography, cyclic voltammetry and controlled p... more

Cloning and Expression of a Ralstonia eutropha HF39 Gene Mediating Indigo Formation in Escherichia coli

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Apr 1, 2001

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Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting is associated with significant plasma metabolomics changes in subjects with overweight and obese: A prospective cohort study

Research Square (Research Square), Aug 3, 2022

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Haptoglobin polymorphism modulates cardiometabolic impacts of four consecutive weeks, dawn to sunset Ramadan intermittent fasting among subjects with overweight/obesity

Download

Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution, and Therapeutic Applications of Recently Developed siRNA and DNA Repair Genes Recurrence

Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment, 2022

Principles of Computational Simulations Devices and Characterization of Nanoelectronic Materials

Advanced Structured Materials, 2019

Electrolytic separation of lead and its dioxide from carbonate ore residiuum

Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 1995

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Survey of shortest Path Algorithms

International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering, 2019

Understanding the corrosion behavior of amorphous multiple-layer carbon coating

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Protective effect of curcumin on oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation against lambda cyhalothrin-induced liver damage in rats

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2012

Download

Analysis and optimization of triacylglycerol synthesis in novel oleaginous Rhodococcus and Streptomyces strains isolated from desert soil

Journal of biotechnology, Jan 10, 2016

Download

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Silicon Synergistically Enhance Salinity Tolerance of Mung Bean

Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016

Download

Design of silicon hollow waveguide polarizer using multilayer structures

IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics, 2005. @nd

Integrated in-line polarizers based on hollow waveguide with multilayer sidewalls compatible with... more

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Electrochemistry by Loutfy H.Madkour

Electrochemistry Is the study of the relationship between electricity and chemical reaction

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Chapter 22-Electroanalytical Chemistry

Chapter 22An Introduction to Electroanalytical Chemistry

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Chapter-14 Corrosion

Fundamentals of Electrochemistry

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Chapter-13-Corrosion

thin layer of one metal on top of a different metal to modify its surface properties. Objectives... more thin layer of one metal on top of a different metal to modify its surface properties.

Objectives:
To achieve the desired electrical & corrosion
resistance.
To reduce wear & friction.
To improve heat tolerance.

Applications:
Automotive parts.
Printed circuitry and electrical contacts.
General engineering components.
Gold-silver wares and jewelry.
Decorative wares.
Production of micro parts for MEMS.

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Chapter-16

Corrosion and Degradation of Materials

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Corrosion Degradation

Objectives Corrosion process Environmental factors Common forms of corrosion Methods of corro... more

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Practice of Electrochemistry

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The Art and Practice of Electrochemistry

The Art and Practice of ElectrochemistryMonash UniversityFebruary & March 2008Stephen W. Fel... more

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Electrochemistry,Electroplating and Cells

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Inorganic Electrochemistry

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Advanced Electrochemistry

Introduction to Corrosion

Corrosion is the deterioration of materials by chemical interaction with their environment. The t... more

Thermodynamic in Corrosion

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Corrosion Mechanism

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Fundamentals of Electrochemistry

element is 0 2) Total of the O.S.'s of atoms in a molecule or ion is equal to the total charge on... more element is 0 2) Total of the O.S.'s of atoms in a molecule or ion is equal to the total charge on the molecule or ion. 3) Group 1A and Group 2A metals have O.S. of +1 and +2 respectively. 4) F always has an O.S. of -1. Cl also has O.S. of -1 unless it is bonded to oxygen or fluorine. 5) H almost always has an O.S. of +1. 6) O has O.S. of -2 (unless bonded to itself or F) 7) When bound to metals, group 7A, 6A and 5A elements have O.S.'s of -1, -2, -3 respectively.

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Types of Corrosion

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RNA Delivery Function for Anticancer Therapeutics

RNA Delivery Function for Anticancer Therapeutics Loutfy H. Madkour, 2022

This book series aims to provide an overview of the recent development in vaccine and drug design... more This book series aims to provide an overview of the recent development in vaccine and drug design, smart delivery
systems, and characterizations. Many topics related to the applications of nanotechnology in the advancement of drugs,
vaccines, and delivery systems will be discussed. Each book in this series will be authored or contributed by experts and
global research teams will participate. The level of presentation is intended for students, scientists, researchers, and industries
dealing with nanotechnology for advanced drugs, vaccines, and targeted delivery systems.
RNA Delivery Function for Anticancer Therapeutics
Loutfy H. Madkour

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Corrosion and Degradation of Materials

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Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable and Technological Applications

CRC Press, 2025

Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable and Technological Applications covers the fundamentals... more Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable and Technological Applications covers the fundamentals of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) and their potential for technological and industrial applications. Addressing recent advancements in technology and improvement in material synthesis, the book outlines how functionalized CNMs are used in nanobiotechnology, for active sorbent materials, and in pharmaceutical applications. Chapters cover macro-scale applications, biosensors and drug delivery, and treatment in cancer and coronavirus diseases. Key features: • Through up-to-date references, this book demonstrates that carbon-based nanomaterials are one of the most promising nanomaterials in medical applications, such as drug and gene delivery carriers, as well as nonmedical, environmental applications. • Discusses the synthesis methods of processing (CQDs), (GQDs), (CPDs), and (g-C3N4) materials-based nanocomposites for biotechnological applications. • Chapters address various classes of carbon nanomaterials and their innovative technologies. • Opens up further exploration of environmental nanotechnology, bionanotechnology, and biomedical applications of novel carbon nanomaterials. • Full references can be found via the Support Material: www.routledge.com/9781032635934. Written by a leading expert, this volume provides the reader with thorough coverage of bionanotechnology and biomedical applications of novel carbon nanomaterials.

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NATURAL MUTUBA TREE SEEDS MANHOOD ENLARGER Call/Whatsapp Dr Nadia on +256781617220 MUTUBA SEED M... more NATURAL MUTUBA TREE SEEDS MANHOOD ENLARGER Call/Whatsapp Dr Nadia on +256781617220

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Corrosion Handbook

Materials Science and Corrosion Prevention Section Contents Page 1 Materials of Construction 4 2 ... more

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Survey of Industrial Chemistry

ISBN 0-306-47246-5 ©2002 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 1001... more ISBN 0-306-47246-5
©2002 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
http://www.wkap.nl/
1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
A C.LP. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written
permission from the Publisher
Printed in the United States of America

$Lithol® rubine is a second example of an azo dye and is important in printing inks. It is a brilliant color and has high tinting strength, good light- fastness, and solvent resistance. carcinogenicity, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine is only a “controlled substance” an its manufacture is at present permitted under rigorous safeguards. Th synthesis is outlined in Fig. 19.2. In contrast to the azo dyes the synthesis of phthalocyanine blue is eas\ It is made in one step from readily available compounds phthalic anhydrid urea, and a copper salt.$

$Pine oil is a mixture of terpine-derived alcohols. It can be extracted from pine but is also synthetically made from turpentine, especially the o-pinene fraction, by reaction with aqueous acid. It is used in many household cleaners as a bactericide, odorant, and solvent. The major constituents of pine oil are shown here. pine oil, 48%; polyterpene resins as adhesives, 16%; toxophene insecticides, 16%; solvent, 11%; and flavor and fragrance essential oils, 9%.$

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Research Opportunities in Corrosion Science and Engineering

RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES IN CORROSION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Committee on Research Opportunities i... more

$FIGURE 3.18 Electron backscatter diffraction image of a fatigue crack in alloy X. Bar is 200 um. Colors represent specific crystal orientations. SOURCE: Courtesy of J. Burns and M. Frary, Boise State Univer- sity, from J. Burns, “High Temperature Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior and Microstructural Evolution in Alloy 230,” M.S. thesis, Boise State University, 2010.$

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Practical Electro-Chemistry

Practical Electro-Chemistry By BERTRAM BLOUNT /JJ F.I.C., Assoc.Inst.C.E CONSULTING CHEMIST TO TH... more

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The 8 Forms of Corrosion

Thermodynamic and Electrochemical Processes The corrosion process of metals is a natural resul... more Thermodynamic and Electrochemical Processes

The corrosion process of metals is a natural result of the inherent tendency to
revert to a more stable compound, such as an oxide. Metal ore that is mined must be
refined and then alloyed for use. Energy is required to refine these ores into useable
metals. Entropy, a thermodynamic property, drives these metals to corrode. Every
system which is left to itself will, on the average, change toward a condition of maximum
probability. (G. N. Lewis) Energy is required to keep these metals in the refined state
and when left alone they will, over time, revert back to the more stable compounds in
which they occur naturally.
An example of this is iron. Hematite is the principle ore of iron. Hematite is a
form of iron oxide, its chemical composition is FE2O3. Processed iron ore, coke, and
limestone are added to the top of a blast furnace (Figure 1-1).1 The coke is the source of
the chemical energy in the blast furnace. When it is burnt by the hot air it releases both
heat energy and the main reducing agent, CO.

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Corrosion of Steel in Concrete

Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Understanding, investigation and repair 2nd edition John P. Broomf... more

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CORROSION RESISTANCE

CORROSION RESISTANCE Edited by Hong Shih Chapter 1 A Systematic Study and Characterization of Ad... more CORROSION RESISTANCE
Edited by Hong Shih
Chapter 1 A Systematic Study and Characterization
of Advanced Corrosion Resistance Materials
and Their Applications for Plasma Etching
Processes in Semiconductor Silicon Wafer Fabrication 1
Hong Shih
Chapter 2 Corrosion Resistance of Directionally
Solidified Casting Zinc-Aluminum Matrix 35
Alicia Esther Ares, Liliana Mabel Gassa
and Claudia Marcela Mendez
Chapter 3 Corrosion Resistance of High Nitrogen Steels 55
Roman Ritzenhoff and André Hahn
Chapter 4 Tribocorrosion: Material Behavior Under Combined
Conditions of Corrosion and Mechanical Loading 81
Pierre Ponthiaux, François Wenger and Jean-Pierre Celis
Chapter 5 Corrosion Resistance of Pb-Free and Novel
Nano-Composite Solders in Electronic Packaging 107
L.C. Tsao
Chapter 6 Electrochemical Passive Properties
of AlxCoCrFeNi (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00)
High-Entropy Alloys in Sulfuric Acids 135
Swe-Kai Chen
Chapter 7 Reinforcement Fibers in Zinc-Rich
Nano Lithiun Silicate Anticorrosive Coatings 157
Carlos Alberto Giudice

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Corrosion Handbook

Materials Science and Corrosion Prevention Section Contents Page 1 Materials of Construction 4 2 ... more

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Basics of titration

The word "titration" comes from the Latin "titalus," meaning inscription or title. The French wor... more The word "titration" comes from the Latin "titalus," meaning inscription or
title. The French word, titre, also comes from this origin, meaning rank is a common
laboratory method of quantitative/chemical analysis that can be used to determine the
concentration of a known reactant (analyte). The basis of the method is a chemical
reaction of a standard solution (titrant) with a solution of an analyte.
The analyte (A) is a solution of the substance whose concentration is unknown and sought
in the analysis. The titrant (T) is a solution in which the concentration of a solute is
precisely known. Because volume measurements play a key role in titration, it is also
known as volumetric analysis. Usually it is the volume of the titrant required to react with
a given quantity of an analyte that is precisely determined during a titration.

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Different Forms of Corrosion

Different Forms of Corrosion Classified on the Basis of Appearance 1) electrochemical corrosion i... more Different Forms of Corrosion
Classified on the Basis of Appearance
1) electrochemical corrosion is the only deterioration mechanism;
2) anodic and cathodic reactions take place all over the electrode surface, but not
simultaneously at the same place, i.e. the anodic and cathodic reactions
exchange places, constantly or frequently. Closely related to this dynamic
behaviour it is assumed that:
3) there are no significant macroscopic concentration differences in the electrolyte
along the metal surface, and the metal is fairly homogeneous.
These three assumptions lead to uniform (general) corrosion. But this is only one of
several corrosion forms that occur under different conditions. The other forms of
corrosion depend on the deviations from the mentioned assumptions. Such deviations
may be due to

$With a given size of a crack-like surface flaw (a) and a known geometrical function Y, the values of Kic and Kiscc can be used to calculate the permissible stress by Equation (7.11), for applications in air and the actual corrosive environment, respectively. For corrosive conditions one must take into account the deepest local corrosion defect that may develop during the planned lifetime. bWIALIVY LU LUI VIAUHK. When the stress intensity increases it will finally reach a critical value Kc above which the crack propagates. If the load and crack orientation is like that shown in Figure 7.57, the actual and the critical stress intensity factor are denoted by K, and Kic, respectively. Kic is also called the fracture toughness of the material. A necessary condition for the applicability of linear elastic fracture mechanics is that the plastic zone ahead of the crack tip is small compared with the thickness of the component and with the crack length. To satisfy this condition we must have$

$SUB, Is vVUeLy aseirsslive alu HaLuly EUALIOUY LUT LUDO QAPpPplvValluito. Both the oxygen and the chloride content are very important (Figure 7.63). It is seen that SCC of austenitic stainless steel can be avoided by removing one of these. The temperature is also a critical factor for stainless steel-chloride combinations. The example in Figure 7.64 indicates a critical temperature of roughly 100°C, but under more unfavourable conditions, these steels are liable to SCC at lower temperatures, in the worst cases down to 60°C. Newer high-alloy austenitic stainless steels, e.g. with 6 or 7% Mo (see Table 10.6 p. 245), have much higher resistance to SCC. Laboratory tests indicate that these are resistant at, and probably considerably above, 100°C. In recent decades, also relatively high alloy ferritic—austenitic steels (duplex steels) have been developed. Earlier, these steels were considered immune to chloride SCC. However, both laboratory experiments and experience of fracture on installations in the North Sea have shown that SCC can occur on duplex steels under unfavourable conditions developed beneath the thermal insulation on hot steel surfaces. The insulation is used to reduce heat loss and to protect people. If seawater penetrates the insulation and reaches the steel surface, the water will evaporate and this causes chloride enrichment. Maximum unfavourable conditions can be established: high chloride content, efficient oxygen access (there is a thin water film at the most critical sites), and temperatures above 100°C. Ferritic—austenitic stainless steels should not be used under these conditions.$

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TYPES OF CORROSION

Classification of Corrosion Based on the mechanism of corrosion, it is classified into two types ... more Classification of Corrosion
Based on the mechanism of corrosion, it is classified into two types
1. Chemical or dry corrosion
2. Electrochemical or wet corrosion
Dry corrosion:
· Corrosion takes place in dry state.
· In occurs due to the direct chemical attack of the metal by the
environment.
· Corrosion products accumulate on the same spot, where corrosion occurs.
· Dry corrosion is self controlled.
· It follows absorption mechanism.
· Homogenous metal surface undergoes corrosion observed.
· Uniform corrosions are observed. Example: Formation of mild iron oxide
on its surface.
Dry corrosion is a form of corrosion, that occurs at elevated
temperature without a liquid phase. It’s a high temperature oxidation
reaction.

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Corrosion Cops Providing solutions to control

Corrosion Cops Providing solutions to control rust and corrosion with environmentally friendly te... more Corrosion Cops
Providing solutions to control
rust and corrosion with
environmentally friendly
technology
Benefits of Corrosion Control
• Reduce corrosion costs
• Lower maintenance and repair costs
• Extended useful lives of equipment and buildings
• Reduction of or reduced product loss from corrosion
damage
• Lower risk of failure
• Safety

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Engineering Support / Corrosion Prevention

Engineering Support / Corrosion Prevention & Control Evaluation, February 5, 2009 Presented to: 2... more

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Corrosion Protection

Corrosion Protection Basic corrosion theory and protection methods Author: Dr. Thomas J. Langill ... more Corrosion Protection
Basic corrosion theory and
protection methods
Author: Dr. Thomas J. Langill
© 2006 American Galvanizers Association
What is Corrosion
Corrosion (n)
􀂃 The chemical or electrochemical reaction
between a material and its environments that
produces a deterioration of the material and its
properties.

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Cathodic Protection Use On Tank Bottoms

Cathodic Protection Use On Tank Bottoms & Underground Piping In Power Generation Plants Corrosion... more Cathodic Protection Use On Tank Bottoms & Underground Piping In Power Generation Plants
Corrosion process for tanks and piping
•Principles of cathodic protection
•Effects of coatings
•Cathodic protection design requirements
•Selecting the proper system
•Construction implementation issues
•Compliance testing
•Continued monitoring and maintenance

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Corrosion Control

The Deterioration of a Material, Usually a Metal, that Results from a Reaction with its Environme... more

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Corrosion Protection

This Section covers corrosion protection of fixed or mobile steel and concrete structures. Design... more

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Correlation between corrosion inhibitive effect and Correlation between corrosion inhibitive effect and quantum molecular structure

Quantum chemical calculations using the density functional theory (DFT) have been applied to the ... more Quantum chemical calculations using the density functional theory (DFT) have been applied to the five kinds of polydentate Schiff base compounds (PSCs), act as inhibitors for iron in aerated 2.0 M HNO3 and 2.0 M NaOH media. The structural parameters, such as the frontier molecular orbital energy HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital), LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), energy gap ΔE (ELUMO - EHOMO), the charge distribution, the absolute electronegativity (χ), the fraction of electrons transfer (ΔN) from inhibitors to iron, the dipole moment (μ), the global hardness (η) and the total energy (Etotal) were also calculated and correlated with their inhibition efficiencies (%IE). The inhibition effects of (PSCs) may be explained in terms of electronic properties. The results showed that the (%IE) of PSCs increased with the increase in EHOMO and decrease in ELUMO - EHOMO. The inhibitor molecules were first adsorbed on the iron surface and blocking the reaction sites available for corrosive attack; and the areas containing N and O atoms are most possible sites for bonding by donating electrons to the iron surface through interaction with π-electrons of the aromatic rings, and the azo methine group.

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Inhibition, kinetic and thermodynamic effects of new

This investigation is designed to apply an advanced kinetic-thermodynamic model on the experiment... more This investigation is designed to apply an advanced kinetic-thermodynamic model on the experimental data obtained from acidic and alkaline corrosion of iron using mono- and bis-azo dyes as corrosion inhibitors. The inhibition properties of the tested azo dyes on corrosion of iron in HNO3 and NaOH media were analyzed by gravimetric, thermometric and polarization measurements. The three studied methods gave consistent results. Polarization study showed that all the inhibitors are mixed type in acidic, act mainly as cathodic in alkaline solution. The synthesized azo dye derivatives exhibit good inhibition properties, obeys the Frumkin adsorption isotherm. The large values of the change in the standard free energy of adsorption (ΔGoads), equilibrium constant (Kads) and binding constant (Kb) revealed that the reactions proceed spontaneously and result in highly efficient physisorption mechanism and stronger electrical interaction between the double layer existing at the phase boundary and the adsorbing molecules.

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Study of corrosion inhibition

Most of the industries require water for cooling purpose. The major problems in the industrial us... more Most of the industries require water for cooling purpose. The major problems in the industrial use of cooling water systems are corrosion of the metal equipment, contamination of the circulating water with microorganisms and scale formation. Inhibition of corrosion and scaling can be done by the application of inhibitors. It is noted that the effect of corrosion inhibitors is always caused by change in the state of surface being protected due to adsorption or formation of hardly soluble compounds with metal cations. Review including extensive listing of various types of organic inhibitors has been published. The molecules most often used as corrosion inhibitors are nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen and phosphorous containing compounds [1-6]. These compounds get adsorbed onto the surface of metal from the bulk of environment forming a film at the metal surface. The inhibition efficiency increases in the order O < N < S < P [7].
The corrosion inhibition of metals in acidic media by different types of organic compounds has been widely studied [8-13]. The inhibition action of organic molecules is primarly due to their adsorption on the surface of the metal through the presence of active centres.

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Quantum chemical calculations, molecular dynamics simulation and experimental studies of using some azo dyes as corrosion inhibitors for iron. Part 1: Mono-azo dye derivatives

This study consists of two parts. In the first part, the inhibitive performance of six mono-azo d... more This study consists of two parts. In the first part, the inhibitive performance of six mono-azo dye (MAD_ 1 –6 ) derivatives was investigated experimentally (gravimetric, thermometric, UV–visible spec- trophotometric and electrochemical potentiostatic methods) and computationally against corrosion of Fe metal in 2 M HNO 3 and 2 M NaOH solutions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molec- ular dynamics simulation (MDS) approach were performed. Quantum chemical parameters such as the highest occupied molecular orbital energy ( E HOMO ), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy ( E LUMO ), the energy gap between E LUMO and E HOMO ( E ), dipole moment ( D ), chemical hardness ( η), softness ( σ), electronegativity ( χ), proton affinity, global electrophilicity ( ω), global nucleophilicity ( ε) and total energy (sum of electronic and zero-point energies) were calculated and discussed with the help of HF/SDD, HF/6- 311 G, HF/6-31 ++ G, B3LYP/SDD, B3LYP/6-311 G and B3LYP/6-31 ++ G methods. Polarization measurements indicate that (MAD) compounds are of mixed-type inhibitor in acidic, act mainly as cathodic in alkaline solution. Kinetic model involving binding constant ( K b ), active sites ( 1/y ) and standard free energy values of adsorption ( G o ) were compared with the parameters of equilibrium constant ( K ads ), lateral interac- tion ( f ) and ( G o ), that obtained from Frumkin adsorption isotherm model. Then, we calculated binding energies on Fe (110) surface of the inhibitors. The theoretical data obtained are in good agreement with the experimental inhibition efficiency results.

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الأبحاث المنشورة للدكتور/ لطفي حامد علي مدكور بعنوان جامعة الباحة ، وعضويته في هيئات تحرير دور النشر لمجلات الكيميـــــاء العالميـــة: (Editorial Board)

(1) Loutfy H. Madkour , S. K. Elroby. “Inhibitive properties, thermodynamic, kinetics and quantum... more (1) Loutfy H. Madkour , S. K. Elroby. “Inhibitive properties, thermodynamic, kinetics and quantum chemical calculations of polydentate Schiff base compounds as corrosion inhibitors for iron in acidic and alkaline media”. International Journal of Industrial Chemistry Volume 6. Number 3.September (2015).
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40090-015-0039-7/fulltext.html
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40090-015-0039-7
(2) Loutfy H. Madkour , U.A. Zinhome. “Inhibition, kinetic and thermodynamic effects of new Azo derivatives on iron corrosion in acidic and alkaline solutions”. Standard Scientific Research and Essays Vol 2(13): 705-724, December Special Issue (2014) (ISSN: 2310-7502) http://www.standresjournals.org/journals/SSRE
(3) Loutfy H. Madkour , S. K. Elroby. “Correlation between corrosion inhibitive effect and quantum molecular structure of Schiff bases for iron in acidic and alkaline media”. Standard Scientific Research and Essays Vol 2(13): 680-704, December Special Issue (2014) (ISSN: 2310-7502) http://www.standresjournals.org/journals/SSRE
(4) Loutfy H. Madkour “Electro-Thermal and Semiconductivity Behaviour of Natural Sintered Complex Carbonate Ore for Thermo-Technological Applications”
Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Journal of Geochemistry Volume (2014), Article ID 451782, 10 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/451782

(5) Loutfy H. Madkour , S. K. Elroby. “Aminic nitrogen- bearing polydentate Schiff base compounds as corrosion inhibitors for iron in acidic and alkaline media: A combined experimental and DFT studies”. Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering, Volume 17, (2014).
(6) Loutfy H. Madkour, U.A. Zinhome. . “Kinetic-thermodynamic studies of substituted mono- and bis- azo dyes as corrosion inhibitors for iron in nitric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions”. Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering, Volume 15, (2012).

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