Tès dyagnostik pou SARS-CoV-2
Ou ka jwenn yon tès dyagnostik pou kowonaviris SARS-CoV-2 si gen dout enfeksyon nan Maladi kowonaviris 2019 (Covid-19) sou egzamen klinik ak nan adisyon nan egzamen apwofondi (tomodansitometri, elatriye). Li kapab fèt avèk tès reyaksyon an chèn pa polimeraz apre transcripsyon revès pou deteksyon an ARN viral (RT-PCR) oswa pa tès ki baze sou antikò ELISA pou deteksyon pwoteyin viryon.
Enfrastrikti rechèch ewopeyen EVA (Archive de Virus Européenne) rapidman òganize bay laboratwa dyagnostik atravè mond lan ak eleman viral sèvi kòm kontwòl pou ARN oswa tès ki baze sou pwoteyin.[1]
RT-PCR
[modifye | modifye kòd]Youn nan premye tès RT-PCR te devlope nan lopital Charité nan Bèlen nan mwa janvye 2020 ki itilize PCR kantitatif ak fòme baz la nan 250 000 twous ke OMS distribye.[2] Sou 2 mas, OMS difize yon pwotokòl estanda kreye pa Enstiti Pasteur nan Pari.[3] Dapre yon etid koreyèn, tès la gen yon pi ba sansiblite nan deteksyon jèn N.[4]
Konpayi Kogenebiotech nan Kore disid te anonse sou 11 fevriye 2020.[5] ke twous deteksyon li yo PowerChek 2019-Ncov™ an tan reyèl PCR Twous, ki vize jèn "E" pataje pa tout Betacoronavirus ak jèn RdRp espesifik nan SARS-CoV-2,[6] te resevwa yon otorizasyon pou itilize an ijans nan men otorite koreyèn ak amerikèn yo.
Lòt konpayi tankou Seegene [7] ak Solgent te devlope tou nan mwa fevriye 2020 vèsyon yo twous deteksyon nan kalite klinik (bon jan kalite yo) ki rele "DiaPlexQ" ak "Allplex 2019-nCoV assay" respektivman.
Nan Etazini,Centers for Disease Control distribye tès dyagnostik CDC 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Real-Time RT-PCR pou laboratwa sante piblik.[8] Nan premyè vèsyon yo, youn nan twa tès jenetik te bay rezilta doutè CDC Atlanta; tès pi resan yo lè yo sèvi avèk de (2) konpozan yo te jije serye sou 28 fevriye 2020, sa ki pèmèt laboratwa nasyonal ak lokal yo byen vit konplete tès yo.[9] : Tès sa a te apwouve pa Food and Drug Administration (FDA) anba yon otorizasyon pou itilize an ijans.
Inivèsite Syans ak Teknoloji nan Hong Kong pwopoze nan kòmansman mwa fevriye yon tès RT-PCR mikwoflyidik trè rapid.[10]
Laboratwa referans
[modifye | modifye kòd]Sou 4 mas 2020, OMS kreye yon lis laboratwa referans ofisyèl yo ak pwotokòl devlopman [11] :
Peyi | Enstiti | Sib jenetik |
---|---|---|
Almay | Charite | RdRp, E, N |
Chin | CDC chinwa | ORF 1ab ak nucleoprotein (N) |
Etazini | CDC ameriken | Twa (3) sib nan jèn N |
Frans | Enstiti Pasteur, Pari | De (2) sib nan jèn RdRp |
Hong Kong | HKU | ORF1b-nsp14, N |
Japon | Enstiti Nasyonal pou Maladi Enfeksyon | Pwoteyin Spike (Peplomer) |
Taylann | Enstiti Nasyonal Sante | N |
Antikò
[modifye | modifye kòd]COVID-19 kapab dyagnostike tou gras a twous deteksyon antikò. Tès iminolojik yo itilize yon echantiyon nan serom san epi yo ka bay yon rezilta pozitif menmsi moun nan refè epi viris la pa prezan ankò. Premye tès iminolojik la te dekri pa yon ekip nan Enstiti viroloji nan Wuhan sou 17 fevriye 2020.[12],[13]
Sou 25 fevriye, yon ekip nan lekòl "École de médecine Duke – NUS" nan Sengapou te anonse yon lòt tès antikò pou COVID-19 ki ta ka bay rezilta nan kèk jou.[13],[14]
Sou 28 fevriye 2020, yon lòt konpayi Kore disid ki rele PCL aplike pou deziyasyon akselere Ministè Sekirite alimantè ak medikaman Kore disid pou twous deteksyon ki baze sou antikò li, "COVID-19 Ag. GICA Rapid". Kontrèman ak yon twous deteksyon ki baze sou RT-PCR an tan reyèl, PCL afime ke twous li ki baze sou antikò te kapab fè dyagnostik nan 10 minit.
Asid nikleyik
[modifye | modifye kòd]Tès "Explify Respiratory" nan IDbyDNA se yon tès analiz metajenomik ki ka idantifye plis pase 900 ajan patojèn respiratwa, ki gen ladan SARS-CoV-2. Analiz done reyèl pran mwens pase yon èdtan; peryòd ant resepsyon echantiyon an ak rezilta tès la se 36 èdtan. Li pi chè pase tès RT-PCR.[15]
Pwodiksyon twous tès yo
[modifye | modifye kòd]Lachin te anonse ke li fè 1,7 milyon tès asid nikleyik ak 350 000 twous tès antikò chak jou sou 25 fevriye 2020.[16]
Kolekte echantiyon
[modifye | modifye kòd]Tès RT-PCR an tan reyèl ka fèt sou echantiyon respiratwa yo te jwenn nan divès metòd, ki gen ladan yon prelèvman nazofarenje oswa yon echantiyon krache.[17],[18] Rezilta yo anjeneral disponib nan kèk èdtan a 2 jou.[19]
Hong Kong mete an plas yon sistèm pou pasyan sispèk yo rete nan kay la: sèvis ijans la bay yon tib pou echantiyon pasyan an. Pasyan an krache nan tib epi retounen li. Pasyan an resevwa yon rezilta tès kèk tan apre.[20]
NHS britanik la te anonse tou ke li pral kòmanse fè tès ka sispèk nan kay la, ki evite risk pou yo enfekte lòt moun nan lopital la ak gen dezenfekte anbilans lan si yo itilize.[21]
Skanè pilmonè
[modifye | modifye kòd]Skanè pilmonèse yon zouti imajri woutin pou dyagnostik pou nemoni, rapid epi relativman fasil nan adisyon a egzamen klinik, san yo yon tès deteksyon viral pou pale egzak. Yon rechèch revele ke sansiblite metòd la pou deteksyon COVID-19 te 98%, konpare ak yon sansiblite nan 71% pou RT-PCR.[22] Pou etid sa a, chèchè nan Lopital Tongji nan Wuhan, nan Chin, kòmanse etidye valè dyagnostik la ak amoni nan imajri pwatrin konpare ak tès RT-PCR pou dyagnostik COVID-19.
Lye ak kondisyon preskripsyon tès
[modifye | modifye kòd]Nan Lafrans, pou egzanp, deteksyon se fè nan lopital.[23] Dire a se relativman lontan paske li nesesè voye echantiyon yo nan youn nan 45 sant deteksyon yo[24] epi egzekite tès la ki kounye a pran 1/2 jou. Pou limite gaye, li ta san dout dwe preferab pou medsin vil yo gen mwayen mobil [25],[26] nan deteksyon, ki ta ka ogmante vitès depistaj ak jeneralize deteksyon menm anvan aparisyon siy klinik yo. Vreman vre, pousantaj moun ki enfekte men san senptòm ta dwe ant 1 ak 50%, selon sous,[27],[28],[29] ak an patikilye nan popilasyon an jivenil ki ta ka enfekte otan ke popilasyon granmoun.[30] Sepandan, Ministè Sante a [31] pa prevwa yon pwotokòl deteksyon konsa sistematik, paske li pa gen bidjè korespondan.[32],[33],[34] Egzanp kontaminasyon nan mezon retrèt Vill'alizé[35] montre danje pou repòte aplikasyon yon tès depistaj sou faz sentòm maladi a. Pa fason pou konparezon, an 2009, Eta a te depanse 2.2 milya ewo pou vaksinasyon kont grip A (H1N1) pou yon epidemi ak 10 fwa [36] mwens risk pou yo mouri. Kantite tès depistaj nan Frans se vreman ba konpare ak 1.7 milyon tès pratike nan peyi Lachin : pa relasyon chif sa a ak popilasyon an nou wè ke tès kotidyen yo omwen 45 [37] fwa pi wo nan peyi Lachin. Dapre Imperial College de Londres li nesesè pou bloke "plis pase 60% kontaminasyon pa mezi siveyans pou kontwole epidemi an".[38]
Referans
[modifye | modifye kòd]- ↑ (anglè) en « Wuhan coronavirus | EVAg ». european-virus-archive.com. Archived from the original on 2020-03-04. Retrieved 4 mas 2020.
- ↑ (anglè) en Cormac Sheridan (19 fevriye 2020). « Coronavirus and the race to distribute reliable diagnostics ». Nature Biotechnology: d41587–020–00002-2. ISSN 1087-0156. doi:10.1038/d41587-020-00002-2. Retrieved 3 mas 2020.
- ↑ (anglè) en Institut Pasteur, Paris (2 mas 2020). « Protocol: Real-time RT-PCR assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 » (pdf). OMS.
- ↑ (anglè) en "27/2: Insufficient Sensitivity of RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase Gene of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Genome as Confirmatory Test using Korean COVID-19 Cases"
- ↑ (anglè) en « The 1st kit 'PowerChek™ 2019-nCoV Real-time PCR Kit' for EUAL by KFDA & KCDC ». Kogene. 11 fevriye 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-04-08.
- ↑ (anglè) en « [NEW PRODUCT] COVID-19 KIT ». Kogene. 27 fevriye 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-04-23.
- ↑ (anglè) en Seegene - Sitwèb ofisyèll
- ↑ (anglè) en « Information about Emergency Use Authorization for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel ». CDC. 13 fevriye 2020.
- ↑ (anglè) en « Transcript for the CDC Telebriefing Update on COVID-19 ». CDC. 8 fevriye 2020.
- ↑ (anglè) en « HKUST Research Team Invents World’s Fastest Coronavirus Detection Device Offering Diagnostic Results in 40 Minutes ». The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved 4 mas 2020.
- ↑ (anglè) en « Laboratory guidance ». OMS. Retrieved 4 mas 2020.
- ↑ (anglè) en Zhang, Wei; Du, Rong-Hui; Li, Bei; Zheng, Xiao-Shuang (1 janvye 2020). « Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes ». Emerging Microbes & Infections. p. 386–389. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1729071.
- ↑ 13,0 et 13,1 (anglè) en Normile Dennis (27 fevriye 2020). « Singapore claims first use of antibody test to track coronavirus infections ». sciencemag.org. Retrieved 2 mas 2020.
- ↑ (anglè) en « Duke-NUS used COVID-19 antibody tests to establish link between church clusters in a world-first ». channelnewsasia.com. Archived from the original on 2020-03-02. Retrieved 2 mas 2020.
- ↑ (anglè) en Sheridan, Cormac (19 fevriye 2020). « Coronavirus and the race to distribute reliable diagnostics ». Nature Biotechnology: d41587–020–00002-2. ISSN 1087-0156. doi:10.1038/d41587-020-00002-2. Retrieved 4 mas 2020.
- ↑ (anglè) en Emmi Laine (25 fevriye 2020). « China Makes Over 1.7 Million Covid-19 Testing Kits per Day, Official Says ». Yicai Global.
- ↑ « 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Summary ». Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 30 janvye 2020. Archived from the original on 26 janvye 2020. Retrieved 30 janvye 2020.
- ↑ (anglè) en « Real-Time RT-PCR Panel for Detection 2019-nCoV ». Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 29 janvye 2020. Archived from the original on 30 janvye 2020. Retrieved 1 fevriye 2020.
- ↑ (anglè) en « Curetis Group Company Ares Genetics and BGI Group Collaborate to Offer Next-Generation Sequencing and PCR-based Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Testing in Europe ». GlobeNewswire News Room. 30 janvye 2020. Archived from the original on 31 janvye 2020. Retrieved 1 fevriye 2020.
- ↑ (anglè) en « In Age of COVID-19, Hong Kong Innovates To Test And Quarantine Thousands ». NPR.org. 23 fevriye 2020.
- ↑ (anglè) en « NHS pilots home testing for coronavirus ». mobihealthnews.com. 24 fevriye 2020.
- ↑ (anglè) en « CT provides best diagnosis for COVID-19 ». Science Daily. 26 fevriye 2020.
- ↑ "Ouest- France:Coronavirus. À Rennes, quatre heures pour détecter (ou pas) le virus"
- ↑ (franse) fr "Tf1, 5 Mars: Coronavirus : pas de tests systématiques dans l'Hexagone"
- ↑ "Journal le Point, 7/2: Coronavirus : l'appareil qui peut révolutionner sa détection"
- ↑ (anglè) en "RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Kit RUO"
- ↑ "Science lart, 24/2: A Person Can Carry And Transmit COVID-19 Without Showing Symptoms, Scientists Confirm "
- ↑ "Hufington post, 28/2/20:Ces 4 cas de coronavirus qui interpellent les chercheurs"
- ↑ "MedRixv: Estimation of the asymptomatic ratio of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19)"
- ↑ "Nature, 5/3/20:Coronavirus latest: children are as susceptible as adults, study suggests"
- ↑ "Tf1,f1, 6/3/20:Tests de dépistage du coronavirus : comment fonctionnent-ils en France ?"
- ↑ "Journal Liberation, 5/3/20:A qui propose-t-on actuellement des tests de diagnostic du Covid-19 ? "
- ↑ "le temps, 27/2/20: Coronavirus: qui va payer les tests de dépistage? "
- ↑ "6/3/20,new observer:NC governor emphasizes need for more coronavirus test kits "
- ↑ "7/3/20, ma commune:Coronavirus : 10 personnes âgées confinées à l'Ehpad de Thise"
- ↑ "Nice matin: SRAS, peste, ebola, grippe H1N1... le coronavirus est-il plus dangereux que les autres grandes épidémies?"
- ↑ (franse) fr "Journal france 2, 6/3/20: 7min"
- ↑ (franse) fr Incubation Contagiosite Mortalite Les mots-qui comptent pour décrire le coronavirus