The United Nations Paris agreement of 2015 highlighted the need for urban planning to prevent and... more The United Nations Paris agreement of 2015 highlighted the need for urban planning to prevent and contain urban sprawl so as to reduce trip lengths through an efficient distribution of agglomerations and a well-balanced urban pattern distribution, all while considering travel behavior and accessibility to green areas, services, and facilities on different temporal scales. For the Vienna-Bratislava metropolitan region, our integrated modeling approach uses a combination of multifractal spatial modeling along with a space syntax perspective. Multifractal strategies are intrinsically multiscalar and adhere to five planning principles: hierarchical (polycentric) urban development to manage urban sprawl; sustainable transit-oriented development; locally well-balanced urban pattern and functions distribution to enhance vital urban systems, local centers, and neighborhoods; penetration of green areas into built-up areas; and the preservation of large interconnected networks of green areas to conserve biodiversity. Adding space syntax modeling to a multifractal strategy integrates how space relates to functional patterns based on centrality, thus applying a socio-spatial perspective. In this paper, we used the following workflow for an integrated modeling approach: (1) Space syntax to identify the urban systems' hierarchy and so determine a spatial strategy regionally; (2) Fractalopolis to create a multifractal development plan for potential urbanization; and (3) Space syntax to design a strategic urban master plan for locating new housing and facilities vis-à-vis socioeconomic factors.
Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies, 2021
In this chapter, we explain how the analytical logic of space syntax is applied for visibility an... more In this chapter, we explain how the analytical logic of space syntax is applied for visibility analysis. In the previous chapter, the focus was on presenting all public spaces as axial sightlines. The individual axial line is a one-dimensional (1D) representation of public space and is useful for analysing the interrelationship of public spaces on a citywidescale. At the neighbourhoodscale, a two-dimensional (2D) representation of spatial elements can be useful. In particular, the public realm, such as public squares, parks, and wide streets, benefits from a 2D spatial analysis with a visual field using araster-based as well as an all-line modelling approach. In order to explain visibility analysis in space syntax, we start with the well-known 2D geographical visibility analysis ‘isovist’ as a field of vision. We build upon and explain visibility point-depthanalysisand visual graph analysis. Further, we demonstrate how the simple point-depth calculations contribute to a theory on sp...
Proceedings 13th international space syntax symposium, 2022
Enhancing sustainable cities and mobility means is on the agenda in several countries. In Norway ... more Enhancing sustainable cities and mobility means is on the agenda in several countries. In Norway this manifests itself as targets on zero-increase in personal vehicle transport, making intergovernmental agreements between state and municipalities about city-growth, and conducting large investments to upgrade the interregional rail network named InterCity. The national policy on ‘Land-Use Transport Integration’ (LUTI) is a mean to reach sustainable cities and mobility. In this paper two distinct methods are combined to address LUTI. The methods of Node-Place-Design model and Form Syntax is integrated in a manner never done before on the railway network around the Oslo fjord region as case. InterCity and associated station areas represent the transport network and nodes used as case studies for testing and refining the evaluation method. The result is an evaluation method shown to be operational through testing. This evaluation method is applicable on scales from regional urban planning as well as local urban design and provides a foundation for urban diagnostics and improvement strategies for the cities and railway station areas. Evaluating the entire InterCity-network provides the basis for introducing brand new typologies for railway station areas adapted on a Norwegian context. The state of LUTI between cities and station areas along the InterCity can be compared, and the cities’ role in the network can be derived.
Proceedings of the 13 th Space Syntax Symposium, 2022
The municipality in Bergen, Norway has since 2016 a policy for enhancing compact urban developmen... more The municipality in Bergen, Norway has since 2016 a policy for enhancing compact urban development consisting of a network of centres located around the light-rail stops. The aim is to reveal how the areas around the light rail stop Skjoldskiftet can be transformed according to these policies. The challenge is to apply knowledge from existing urban theories and methods for
Proceedings of the 13 th Space Syntax Symposium, 2022
This short paper/poster presents how space syntax is used in a strategic planning proposal for im... more This short paper/poster presents how space syntax is used in a strategic planning proposal for improving Mosterhamn, a small traditional port village at the western coast of Norway. Mosterhamn has a high cultural-historical value in Norway. However, the port activities and the population are declining. The place is characterized by a scattered settlement. The aim is to propose a revitalization
Proceedings of the 13 th Space Syntax Symposium , 2022
The arctic town Longyearbyen on Spitsbergen, Norway, is in a transition phase from a local commun... more The arctic town Longyearbyen on Spitsbergen, Norway, is in a transition phase from a local community based on mining activities towards a community where tourism and research are taking over as the dominant industries. The town needs various sustainable development strategies due to natural hazards, outdated buildings, high private-car usage, and a costly road and technical infrastructure. A densification of Longyearbyen could be a solution to the
Proceedings of the 13 th Space Syntax Symposium , 2022
The aim of this short paper is to demonstrate how space syntax and other spatial analyses tools c... more The aim of this short paper is to demonstrate how space syntax and other spatial analyses tools can be applied in setting the spatial framework for planning proposals for the 'Nedre Ekelund' area in Grimstad Municipality in Norway. The area is located within a 10-minute walking distance from Grimstad old town centre. Grimstad is currently experiencing population growth
Proceedings of the 13 th Space Syntax Symposium, 2022
The aim of this short paper is to demonstrate how various spatial analyses tools can be used to m... more The aim of this short paper is to demonstrate how various spatial analyses tools can be used to make diagnosis of the degree of safety and liveability in two different neighbourhoods in Bergen. These two neighbourhoods, Laksevåg and Sandviken, are located adjacent to Bergen centre in Norway.
Proceedings of the 13 th Space Syntax Symposium, 2022
The spatial arrangement of wood buildings on traditional Norwegian farms represents the smallest ... more The spatial arrangement of wood buildings on traditional Norwegian farms represents the smallest settlement unit in Norway. The length of the timber and the challenge to heat these structures has influenced the arrangement of Norwegian farms. Typically, they consisted of a group of several buildings containing one or two functions. Historic maps were used to conduct the following Space Syntax analyses of the original spatial layout of twelve farms: VGA analyses, all-line analyses, and segment analyses. As the results show, the highest integrated
Proceedings of the 13 th Space Syntax Symposium, 2022
The problem of implementing sustainable mobility means in average sized Norwegian towns. Spatial ... more The problem of implementing sustainable mobility means in average sized Norwegian towns. Spatial analyses and diagnosis of Notodden and Førde
Until now, fractal urban configurations have not been reviewed in depth from a sustainability per... more Until now, fractal urban configurations have not been reviewed in depth from a sustainability perspective. In general, fractal shapes are assumed to be efficient and have therefore been part of the sustainability debate. Focusing on fractal shapes for urban planning and design, in this paper we will critically reflect on whether and to what extent cities and neighbourhoods incorporating fractal geometries are sustainable in terms of accessibility and mobility. We will take a novel approach and apply the theory and method of space syntax to theoretical fractal geometries and comparable real-life urban configurations. This will shed new light from a network point of view on the debate about sustainable urban configurations for sustainable mobility. Research has shown that the spatial structure of the street and road networks influences the flow of movement and the location of economic activities, as well as the degree of building density, land use diversity, and street life. We will m...
Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies, 2021
Inprevious chapters, we demonstrated various analytic techniques focusing on the spatial aspects ... more Inprevious chapters, we demonstrated various analytic techniques focusing on the spatial aspects of the built environment. In this chapter, we discuss various methods and techniques for collecting qualitative andquantitative data dealing with human behaviour and how to connect such data to the results from various space syntax analyses. This chapter provides a brief introduction to these methods to stimulate ideas for connecting an array of spatial and socio-economicdata to space syntax. At the end of this chapter, we provide an exercise, references, and further readings.
Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies, 2021
In this chapter, we first explain the concept of an axial line and how the axial map is applied i... more In this chapter, we first explain the concept of an axial line and how the axial map is applied in space syntax. We then discuss the static measure of ‘connectivity’ with its ‘one-step’ to ‘n-step’ logic, including its meaning for axialintegration analysis. We further present the segment integration analysis. Using the streetsegment as the basis for analysis allows one to apply three types of distances and three types of radii in space syntax. We then present the most-often used space syntax measures in more depth, namely angularchoice and angular integrationwith metric radius, and introduce the mathematical formulae on how to normalise both measures. Real-life applications illustrate and underpin the usefulness of these measures and their meaning for urban analysis, such as why and how they allow us to identify urban societal processes and their added value at both a citywidescale and a neighbourhoodscale. Finally, we critically reflect on the measures, including their potentials a...
This paper examines how a cognitive boundary with no physical presence has affected life in the c... more This paper examines how a cognitive boundary with no physical presence has affected life in the cities of Jaffa and Tel Aviv, not only during its time of existence (1921-1950) but many decades after it was erased from all official documents. In 1921, the national aspirations of Jews in Jaffa, embraced by the local British Mandate government, triggered a segregation process that resulted in an official administrative split of Jaffa’s urban area and the creation of the “Hebrew” city of Tel Aviv on Jaffa’s northern parts. This administrative division had a clear ethnic character, dividing the entire urban fabric into a clearly defined “Jewish” and “Arab” geographical entities and influencing the development of the two municipalities as well as the daily life of their populations. After the 1948 War in Palestine, which led to the flight of almost all of Jaffa’s Arab population and the annexation its area to Tel Aviv, the united city continued to resemble a split city, with the former ar...
Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies, 2021
In this chapter, we discuss and demonstrate how to analyse the urban micro-spatial relationships ... more In this chapter, we discuss and demonstrate how to analyse the urban micro-spatial relationships between private and public spaces. These methods allow one to analyse intervisibility between buildingsandstreets, entrancedensity from buildings towards streets, streetconstitutedness, and the topological depth between private and public spaces. These urban micro-scaleanalyses are a quantification of Jane Jacob’s (1960) and Jan Gehl’s (1996) presumptions about the interrelation between streets and building entrances and windows. Exercises are provided at the end of this chapter.
Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies, 2021
In this chapter, we show what and how space syntax has contributed to theoriesand general knowled... more In this chapter, we show what and how space syntax has contributed to theoriesand general knowledge of the built environment. First, we provide an introduction to two established researchtraditions, positivismand hermeneutics. The aim is to demonstrate through modal logic what the possibilities and limitations are for gaining general understandings and making theoretical explanations from space syntax research. Modal logic uses expressions to test the explanatory power of statements. Second, we show what space syntax adds to the debate about spatialintegrationand spatial segregation as seen in relation to market and socialrationality. We will focus on the spatial aspects and discuss these in relation to declining versus vital neighbourhoods, crime, anti-socialbehaviour, cultures, political ideologies, gender, and the use of space. Third, we give some reflections on what space syntax has contributed in regards to a comprehensive architecture theory. Finally, at the end, we add as an ...
The United Nations Paris agreement of 2015 highlighted the need for urban planning to prevent and... more The United Nations Paris agreement of 2015 highlighted the need for urban planning to prevent and contain urban sprawl so as to reduce trip lengths through an efficient distribution of agglomerations and a well-balanced urban pattern distribution, all while considering travel behavior and accessibility to green areas, services, and facilities on different temporal scales. For the Vienna-Bratislava metropolitan region, our integrated modeling approach uses a combination of multifractal spatial modeling along with a space syntax perspective. Multifractal strategies are intrinsically multiscalar and adhere to five planning principles: hierarchical (polycentric) urban development to manage urban sprawl; sustainable transit-oriented development; locally well-balanced urban pattern and functions distribution to enhance vital urban systems, local centers, and neighborhoods; penetration of green areas into built-up areas; and the preservation of large interconnected networks of green areas to conserve biodiversity. Adding space syntax modeling to a multifractal strategy integrates how space relates to functional patterns based on centrality, thus applying a socio-spatial perspective. In this paper, we used the following workflow for an integrated modeling approach: (1) Space syntax to identify the urban systems' hierarchy and so determine a spatial strategy regionally; (2) Fractalopolis to create a multifractal development plan for potential urbanization; and (3) Space syntax to design a strategic urban master plan for locating new housing and facilities vis-à-vis socioeconomic factors.
Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies, 2021
In this chapter, we explain how the analytical logic of space syntax is applied for visibility an... more In this chapter, we explain how the analytical logic of space syntax is applied for visibility analysis. In the previous chapter, the focus was on presenting all public spaces as axial sightlines. The individual axial line is a one-dimensional (1D) representation of public space and is useful for analysing the interrelationship of public spaces on a citywidescale. At the neighbourhoodscale, a two-dimensional (2D) representation of spatial elements can be useful. In particular, the public realm, such as public squares, parks, and wide streets, benefits from a 2D spatial analysis with a visual field using araster-based as well as an all-line modelling approach. In order to explain visibility analysis in space syntax, we start with the well-known 2D geographical visibility analysis ‘isovist’ as a field of vision. We build upon and explain visibility point-depthanalysisand visual graph analysis. Further, we demonstrate how the simple point-depth calculations contribute to a theory on sp...
Proceedings 13th international space syntax symposium, 2022
Enhancing sustainable cities and mobility means is on the agenda in several countries. In Norway ... more Enhancing sustainable cities and mobility means is on the agenda in several countries. In Norway this manifests itself as targets on zero-increase in personal vehicle transport, making intergovernmental agreements between state and municipalities about city-growth, and conducting large investments to upgrade the interregional rail network named InterCity. The national policy on ‘Land-Use Transport Integration’ (LUTI) is a mean to reach sustainable cities and mobility. In this paper two distinct methods are combined to address LUTI. The methods of Node-Place-Design model and Form Syntax is integrated in a manner never done before on the railway network around the Oslo fjord region as case. InterCity and associated station areas represent the transport network and nodes used as case studies for testing and refining the evaluation method. The result is an evaluation method shown to be operational through testing. This evaluation method is applicable on scales from regional urban planning as well as local urban design and provides a foundation for urban diagnostics and improvement strategies for the cities and railway station areas. Evaluating the entire InterCity-network provides the basis for introducing brand new typologies for railway station areas adapted on a Norwegian context. The state of LUTI between cities and station areas along the InterCity can be compared, and the cities’ role in the network can be derived.
Proceedings of the 13 th Space Syntax Symposium, 2022
The municipality in Bergen, Norway has since 2016 a policy for enhancing compact urban developmen... more The municipality in Bergen, Norway has since 2016 a policy for enhancing compact urban development consisting of a network of centres located around the light-rail stops. The aim is to reveal how the areas around the light rail stop Skjoldskiftet can be transformed according to these policies. The challenge is to apply knowledge from existing urban theories and methods for
Proceedings of the 13 th Space Syntax Symposium, 2022
This short paper/poster presents how space syntax is used in a strategic planning proposal for im... more This short paper/poster presents how space syntax is used in a strategic planning proposal for improving Mosterhamn, a small traditional port village at the western coast of Norway. Mosterhamn has a high cultural-historical value in Norway. However, the port activities and the population are declining. The place is characterized by a scattered settlement. The aim is to propose a revitalization
Proceedings of the 13 th Space Syntax Symposium , 2022
The arctic town Longyearbyen on Spitsbergen, Norway, is in a transition phase from a local commun... more The arctic town Longyearbyen on Spitsbergen, Norway, is in a transition phase from a local community based on mining activities towards a community where tourism and research are taking over as the dominant industries. The town needs various sustainable development strategies due to natural hazards, outdated buildings, high private-car usage, and a costly road and technical infrastructure. A densification of Longyearbyen could be a solution to the
Proceedings of the 13 th Space Syntax Symposium , 2022
The aim of this short paper is to demonstrate how space syntax and other spatial analyses tools c... more The aim of this short paper is to demonstrate how space syntax and other spatial analyses tools can be applied in setting the spatial framework for planning proposals for the 'Nedre Ekelund' area in Grimstad Municipality in Norway. The area is located within a 10-minute walking distance from Grimstad old town centre. Grimstad is currently experiencing population growth
Proceedings of the 13 th Space Syntax Symposium, 2022
The aim of this short paper is to demonstrate how various spatial analyses tools can be used to m... more The aim of this short paper is to demonstrate how various spatial analyses tools can be used to make diagnosis of the degree of safety and liveability in two different neighbourhoods in Bergen. These two neighbourhoods, Laksevåg and Sandviken, are located adjacent to Bergen centre in Norway.
Proceedings of the 13 th Space Syntax Symposium, 2022
The spatial arrangement of wood buildings on traditional Norwegian farms represents the smallest ... more The spatial arrangement of wood buildings on traditional Norwegian farms represents the smallest settlement unit in Norway. The length of the timber and the challenge to heat these structures has influenced the arrangement of Norwegian farms. Typically, they consisted of a group of several buildings containing one or two functions. Historic maps were used to conduct the following Space Syntax analyses of the original spatial layout of twelve farms: VGA analyses, all-line analyses, and segment analyses. As the results show, the highest integrated
Proceedings of the 13 th Space Syntax Symposium, 2022
The problem of implementing sustainable mobility means in average sized Norwegian towns. Spatial ... more The problem of implementing sustainable mobility means in average sized Norwegian towns. Spatial analyses and diagnosis of Notodden and Førde
Until now, fractal urban configurations have not been reviewed in depth from a sustainability per... more Until now, fractal urban configurations have not been reviewed in depth from a sustainability perspective. In general, fractal shapes are assumed to be efficient and have therefore been part of the sustainability debate. Focusing on fractal shapes for urban planning and design, in this paper we will critically reflect on whether and to what extent cities and neighbourhoods incorporating fractal geometries are sustainable in terms of accessibility and mobility. We will take a novel approach and apply the theory and method of space syntax to theoretical fractal geometries and comparable real-life urban configurations. This will shed new light from a network point of view on the debate about sustainable urban configurations for sustainable mobility. Research has shown that the spatial structure of the street and road networks influences the flow of movement and the location of economic activities, as well as the degree of building density, land use diversity, and street life. We will m...
Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies, 2021
Inprevious chapters, we demonstrated various analytic techniques focusing on the spatial aspects ... more Inprevious chapters, we demonstrated various analytic techniques focusing on the spatial aspects of the built environment. In this chapter, we discuss various methods and techniques for collecting qualitative andquantitative data dealing with human behaviour and how to connect such data to the results from various space syntax analyses. This chapter provides a brief introduction to these methods to stimulate ideas for connecting an array of spatial and socio-economicdata to space syntax. At the end of this chapter, we provide an exercise, references, and further readings.
Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies, 2021
In this chapter, we first explain the concept of an axial line and how the axial map is applied i... more In this chapter, we first explain the concept of an axial line and how the axial map is applied in space syntax. We then discuss the static measure of ‘connectivity’ with its ‘one-step’ to ‘n-step’ logic, including its meaning for axialintegration analysis. We further present the segment integration analysis. Using the streetsegment as the basis for analysis allows one to apply three types of distances and three types of radii in space syntax. We then present the most-often used space syntax measures in more depth, namely angularchoice and angular integrationwith metric radius, and introduce the mathematical formulae on how to normalise both measures. Real-life applications illustrate and underpin the usefulness of these measures and their meaning for urban analysis, such as why and how they allow us to identify urban societal processes and their added value at both a citywidescale and a neighbourhoodscale. Finally, we critically reflect on the measures, including their potentials a...
This paper examines how a cognitive boundary with no physical presence has affected life in the c... more This paper examines how a cognitive boundary with no physical presence has affected life in the cities of Jaffa and Tel Aviv, not only during its time of existence (1921-1950) but many decades after it was erased from all official documents. In 1921, the national aspirations of Jews in Jaffa, embraced by the local British Mandate government, triggered a segregation process that resulted in an official administrative split of Jaffa’s urban area and the creation of the “Hebrew” city of Tel Aviv on Jaffa’s northern parts. This administrative division had a clear ethnic character, dividing the entire urban fabric into a clearly defined “Jewish” and “Arab” geographical entities and influencing the development of the two municipalities as well as the daily life of their populations. After the 1948 War in Palestine, which led to the flight of almost all of Jaffa’s Arab population and the annexation its area to Tel Aviv, the united city continued to resemble a split city, with the former ar...
Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies, 2021
In this chapter, we discuss and demonstrate how to analyse the urban micro-spatial relationships ... more In this chapter, we discuss and demonstrate how to analyse the urban micro-spatial relationships between private and public spaces. These methods allow one to analyse intervisibility between buildingsandstreets, entrancedensity from buildings towards streets, streetconstitutedness, and the topological depth between private and public spaces. These urban micro-scaleanalyses are a quantification of Jane Jacob’s (1960) and Jan Gehl’s (1996) presumptions about the interrelation between streets and building entrances and windows. Exercises are provided at the end of this chapter.
Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies, 2021
In this chapter, we show what and how space syntax has contributed to theoriesand general knowled... more In this chapter, we show what and how space syntax has contributed to theoriesand general knowledge of the built environment. First, we provide an introduction to two established researchtraditions, positivismand hermeneutics. The aim is to demonstrate through modal logic what the possibilities and limitations are for gaining general understandings and making theoretical explanations from space syntax research. Modal logic uses expressions to test the explanatory power of statements. Second, we show what space syntax adds to the debate about spatialintegrationand spatial segregation as seen in relation to market and socialrationality. We will focus on the spatial aspects and discuss these in relation to declining versus vital neighbourhoods, crime, anti-socialbehaviour, cultures, political ideologies, gender, and the use of space. Third, we give some reflections on what space syntax has contributed in regards to a comprehensive architecture theory. Finally, at the end, we add as an ...
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The result is an evaluation method shown to be operational through testing. This evaluation method is applicable on scales from regional urban planning as well as local urban design and provides a foundation for urban diagnostics and improvement strategies for the cities and railway station areas. Evaluating the entire InterCity-network provides the basis for introducing brand new typologies for railway station areas adapted on a Norwegian context. The state of LUTI between cities and station areas along the InterCity can be compared, and the cities’ role in the network can be derived.
The result is an evaluation method shown to be operational through testing. This evaluation method is applicable on scales from regional urban planning as well as local urban design and provides a foundation for urban diagnostics and improvement strategies for the cities and railway station areas. Evaluating the entire InterCity-network provides the basis for introducing brand new typologies for railway station areas adapted on a Norwegian context. The state of LUTI between cities and station areas along the InterCity can be compared, and the cities’ role in the network can be derived.