
Dr. Mohammed Sallam
With over 25 years of experience in Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Management, Dr. Mohammed Sallam has been the Pharmacy Manager and Head of the Department at Mediclinic Middle East, Dubai-UAE, since 2003. He is part of various committees within the Mediclinic Group, including the Senior Leadership Team and the Research Advisory Group. He leads the Hospital’s Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee and the Medication Management Team. He has experience in preparing policies, analyzing data, establishing and setting up standards for hospital and pharmacy services to obtain quality accreditation such as JCI & ISO, establishing the drug formulary, implementing hospital information systems, and implementing lean management practices and tools to improve operation and business processes.
Dr. Sallam obtained a Doctorate of Management (PhD) from the School of Business, International American University, USA. Additionally, he holds an MSc in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Jordan, an Executive Education Management Development Master from Hult International Business School, a Supply Chain Management Master from INSEAD Business School, and an Executive MBA from Curtin University Dubai. He is a member of the American Society for Quality (ASQ), The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), and The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia (SHPA). He has obtained many certifications, a certified purchasing professional, a Six Sigma black belt, and good clinical practice certificates. Dr. Sallam is a registered professional pharmacist in Jordan and UAE and an active member of the Jordan Pharmacists Association. In his various experiences, he was extensively involved in teaching and published many research articles. He has a passion for education and serves as a College of Pharmacy Advisory Board member at different UAE Universities, such as Sharjah and Ajman Universities.
Dr. Sallam obtained a Doctorate of Management (PhD) from the School of Business, International American University, USA. Additionally, he holds an MSc in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Jordan, an Executive Education Management Development Master from Hult International Business School, a Supply Chain Management Master from INSEAD Business School, and an Executive MBA from Curtin University Dubai. He is a member of the American Society for Quality (ASQ), The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), and The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia (SHPA). He has obtained many certifications, a certified purchasing professional, a Six Sigma black belt, and good clinical practice certificates. Dr. Sallam is a registered professional pharmacist in Jordan and UAE and an active member of the Jordan Pharmacists Association. In his various experiences, he was extensively involved in teaching and published many research articles. He has a passion for education and serves as a College of Pharmacy Advisory Board member at different UAE Universities, such as Sharjah and Ajman Universities.
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Papers by Dr. Mohammed Sallam
mellitus (DM), pose major global health challenges. Generative artificial
intelligence (genAI) models are increasingly used for patient self-help. This study
aimed to evaluate the performance of two genAI models, ChatGPT and Microsoft
Copilot, in addressing endocrine-related queries in English and Arabic.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study adhered to the METRICS
checklist for genAI-based healthcare studies, comparing responses from
ChatGPT-4o and Microsoft Copilot to 20 endocrine-related queries in English and
Arabic (15 DM queries in addition to five endocrine queries). The responses were
evaluated using the CLEAR tool, which assessed completeness, accuracy, and
relevance/appropriateness. Three endocrinology experts independently evaluated
the genAI outputs.
Results: Per language and model, a total of 80 responses were assessed. Inter
rater reliability was high with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient=0.832.
ChatGPT-4o consistently outperformed Microsoft Copilot, earning 'Excellent'
ratings in English and ‘Very good’ in Arabic, while Microsoft Copilot achieved
‘Very good’ ratings in English and ‘Good’ to ‘Very good’ ratings in Arabic.
ChatGPT-4o surpassed Microsoft Copilot in completeness (4.38 vs. 3.36, p<.001,
Mann-Whitney U test (M-W)), accuracy (4.18 vs. 3.83, p=.014, M-W), and
relevance (4.44 vs. 3.82, p<.001, M-W). Performance varied significantly
between English and Arabic responses, with p<.001 for completeness, p=.001 for
accuracy, p=.012 for relevance, and p<.001 for the overall CLEAR score using
the M-W test. No statistically significant differences were found based on the
query topic.
Conclusions: ChatGPT-4o outperformed Microsoft Copilot in all CLEAR
components, but notable language-based disparities were evident. Addressing
these limitations is crucial to ensure equitable access to endocrine care for non
English-speaking patients.
mellitus (DM), pose major global health challenges. Generative artificial
intelligence (genAI) models are increasingly used for patient self-help. This study
aimed to evaluate the performance of two genAI models, ChatGPT and Microsoft
Copilot, in addressing endocrine-related queries in English and Arabic.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study adhered to the METRICS
checklist for genAI-based healthcare studies, comparing responses from
ChatGPT-4o and Microsoft Copilot to 20 endocrine-related queries in English and
Arabic (15 DM queries in addition to five endocrine queries). The responses were
evaluated using the CLEAR tool, which assessed completeness, accuracy, and
relevance/appropriateness. Three endocrinology experts independently evaluated
the genAI outputs.
Results: Per language and model, a total of 80 responses were assessed. Inter
rater reliability was high with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient=0.832.
ChatGPT-4o consistently outperformed Microsoft Copilot, earning 'Excellent'
ratings in English and ‘Very good’ in Arabic, while Microsoft Copilot achieved
‘Very good’ ratings in English and ‘Good’ to ‘Very good’ ratings in Arabic.
ChatGPT-4o surpassed Microsoft Copilot in completeness (4.38 vs. 3.36, p<.001,
Mann-Whitney U test (M-W)), accuracy (4.18 vs. 3.83, p=.014, M-W), and
relevance (4.44 vs. 3.82, p<.001, M-W). Performance varied significantly
between English and Arabic responses, with p<.001 for completeness, p=.001 for
accuracy, p=.012 for relevance, and p<.001 for the overall CLEAR score using
the M-W test. No statistically significant differences were found based on the
query topic.
Conclusions: ChatGPT-4o outperformed Microsoft Copilot in all CLEAR
components, but notable language-based disparities were evident. Addressing
these limitations is crucial to ensure equitable access to endocrine care for non
English-speaking patients.