Bolu Hight Scool

Six strawberry samples, commercially grown in Pakistan, were studied for physicochemical properties. All samples have high level of water and low contents of ash and volatile compounds. The berry was found to be a good source of potassium (1.14-1.93 g/kg), magnesium (0.12-0.15 g/kg), calcium (79.59-124.11 mg/kg) and sodium (23.51-36.03 mg/kg). The lead and cadmium contents were below the detection limits (1.0 ± 0.1 µg/l for lead and 0.1 ± 0.01 µg/l for cadmium). Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were found to be good statistical tools for the evaluation of the compositional variations with respect to geographical origin.

This research was conducted to determine the effects of five different budding dates and six budding methods on graft success and plant growth in black mulberry sapling production. The experiment was carried out in Bolu, Turkey, between 2014 and 2015. The black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) was grafted on twoyear old white mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedling rootstocks in the nursery conditions. The highest bud take (88.33% and 85.0%, respectively to years) and sprouting rate (85.0% and 71.67%, respectively to years) were obtained with chip budding by hand performed on May 1 in both years. The highest mean shoot length (41.33 cm and 39.68 cm, respectively to years) and diameter (6.26 mm in both years) were obtained with inverted T-budding performed on April 15, 2014 and 2015. Among all parameters the best type of buddings was chip budding by hand, followed by T and inverted T-budding. The lowest results in all parameters were obtained with patch budding and chip budding by tool. Budding date on May 1 was the most appropriate and the results obtained were the highest in all parameters.

Abstract. This research was conducted to determine the effects of three different grafting periods (March 1, April 1 and May 1) and six grafting methods (tongue, splice, cleft graft-ing by hand and cleft, wedge, omega grafting by three different manual grafting tools) on graft success and plant growth in persimmon sapling production. The experiment was car-ried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Rize, Turkey during 2012–2013. The ‘Hachiya ’ persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) were used for grafting scions. Two-year old Diospyros lotus L. seedling were used for rootstocks. In conclusion, graft take percentages varied from 21.7 to 81.7 % in 2012, from 10.0 to 73.3 % in 2013. Sprouting percentages varied from 11.7 to 73.3 % in 2012, from 5.0 to 68.3 % in 2013. These parameters, tongue and wedge grafting (with tool) performed on April 1 gave the highest results in both years. Graft shoot lengths varied from 38.6 to 65.7 cm in 2012, from 38.3 to 61.5 cm in 201...

Bu çalışma 'Hayward' ve 'Matua' (Actinidia deliciosa A. Chev.) kivi çeşitlerine ait yarı odunsu çeliklerin köklenmesi üzerine çelik alma zamanı (1 Temmuz, 1 Ağustos ve 1 Eylül), çelikteki göz sayısı (2 ve 3) ve Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) dozlarının (0, 2000, 4000 ve 6000 ppm) etkilerini saptamak amacıyla 2002 ve 2003 yıllarında Rize'de yürütülmüştür. Yarı odunsu çelikler 2 ile 3 göz içerecek şekilde hazırlanarak IBA uygulaması yapıldıktan sonra ısıtmasız seradaki alttan ısıtma ve sisleme ünitesine sahip tavalarda, perlit ortamında köklendirilmiştir. Köklendirme ortamında 60 gün bekletilen çelikler sökülerek, köklenme ve canlılık oranları, en gelişmiş kök uzunluğu ve çapı, kök sayısı ve kök kalitesi belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, köklenme ve kök kalitesi bakımından en yüksek sonuçlar 1 Temmuz ve 1 Ağustos tarihlerinde Hayward çeşidinde 3 gözlü, Matua çeşidinde 2 gözlü olarak hazırlanarak, 4000 ile 6000 ppm IBA uygulanan çeliklerden alınmıştır. Hayward çeşidinde % 68.0-93.0, Matua çeşidinde % 67.0-86.0 arasında değişen köklenme oranları elde edilmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Kivi, yarı odunsu çelik, zaman ve göz sayısı, IBA, köklenme THE EFFECTS OF CUTTING TIME, BUD NUMBER AND IBA CONCENTRATION ON THE CUTTING ON ROOTING OF KIWIFRUIT ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to determine the effect of cutting time (1 July, 1 August and 1 September), bud number on the cutting (2 and 3) and Indol-3-burtyric acid (IBA) concentrations (0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm) on rooting of cv. Hayward and cv. Matua kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa A. Chev.) semi-hardwood cutting in Rize at 2002 and 2003. IBA treated semi-hardwood cutting with 2-3 buds planted in unheated greenhouse at bottom heated and ower misting sytem frames with perlite. After 60 days, all cutting dig-out and percentage of rooting and viability rates, the legth and diameter of the most developed roots, lateral root number and root quality were determined. The highest results obtained from semi-hardwood cuttings of cv. Hayward prepared with three buds and collected on 1 July and 1 August and cv. Matua prepared with two buds and collected on 1 July and 1 August. All the cuttings were treated with 4000 and 6000 ppm IBA. Rooting rations were found to be 68.0 %-93.0 % and 67.0 %-86.0 % for cv. for Hayward and Matua, respectively.

Germination responses to temperature, medium and gibberellic acid (GA3) treatments were studied in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosaChev. cv. Hayward) seeds. The seeds treated with four GA3concentrations (0, 2,000, 4,000 and 6,000 ppm) were sown in trays with peat moss, perlite + heater humus and soil mixture and subjected to the temperatures of 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C with bottom heating, under controlled conditions. All the treatments significantly affected the kiwifruit seeds germination. Seeds sown in peat moss and subjected to the temperature of 35°C with bottom heating reached the maximum germination percentage (99.17%). Peat moss and 6,000 ppm GA3 treatment also had a high germination rate (79%). Moreover, peat moss caused an earlier start of germination than the other mediums and shortened the germination period.    

Öz: Nar meyvesi, biyokimyasal içeriğinin de zengin olması sebebiyle insan beslenmesinde önemli meyve türleri arasında yer almaktadır. Yapılan bu araştırmada Çukurca (Hakkari) ilçesinde yetiştirilen nar genotiplerine ait meyvelerin organik asitler (malik, sitrik, tartarik, süksinik, okzalik ve fumarik asit) ve C vitamini içeriklerinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu biyokimyasal içerikler arasındaki korelasyonlar temel bileşen analizi ile incelenmiş ve nar genotiplerinin biyoaktif içerikler açısından istatistiksel olarak dağılımları belirlenmiştir. Organik asit ve C vitamini bakımından incelenen genotiplerde meydana gelen değişimin % 44.73'ü iki temel bileşen ile açıklanmıştır. Söz konusu araştırmada organik asit içerikleri değerlendirildiğinde, bir genotip haricinde genel olarak hakim olan asidin sitrik asit olduğu, bunu sırasıyla malik asit, fumarik asit, süksinik asit, okzalik asit ve tartarik asidin takip ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Nar genotiplerine ait meyve sularının okzalik asit içeriğinin 0.02-0.59 g/l, malik asit içeriğinin 1.01-2.84 g/l, sitrik asit içeriğinin 1.92-7.84 g/l, süksinik asit içeriğinin 0.06-0.28 g/l, fumarik asit içeriğinin 0.13-0.68 g/l ve tartarik asit içeriğinin 0.03-0.10 g/l arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, genotipler C vitamini içeriği açısından kıyaslandığında 30HAK02 (30.84 mg/l) genotipi diğer genotiplerden daha yüksek oranda C vitamini içerdiği görülmüştür.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı çelik çapı ve indol butirik asit (IBA) dozunun 'Chester' böğürtlen (Rubus fructicosus L.) çeşidi odun çeliklerinin köklenmesi üzerine etkisini belirlemektir. Köklenme için odun çelikleri Sakarya ili Geyve ilçesinden 25 Şubat 2018 tarihinde sağlıklı bitkilerden (bir yıllık sürgünler) alındı. Çelikler aynı uzunlukta olacak şekilde (20 cm) 3 farklı çapta (4-6 mm, 7-11 mm ve 12-16 mm) hazırlandı. Daha sonra çeliklerin dip kısmı (1 cm), 10 saniye süreyle 0, 500, 1000, 1500 ve 2000 ppm IBA içeren sıvı çözeltiye (%50 etanol + %50 damıtılmış su) daldırıldı ve havada kurumaya bırakıldı. IBA uygulamasından sonra çelikler, ısıtmasız serada perlit ortamında 75 gün boyunca köklenmeye alındı. Çalışmada köklenme ve canlılık oranı, kök sayısı ve uzunluğu değerlendirildi. Araştırma sonucunda, canlılık oranı %30.0 ile %98.0 arasında, köklenme oranı %10.0 ile %80.0 arasında, kök sayısı 3.0 ile 23.2 arasında, kök uzunluğu ise 4 cm ile 15.4 cm arasında değişim göstermiştir. Bütün parametrelerde en yüksek sonuçlar 1000 ppm IBA uygulaması yapılan 7-11 mm çapındaki çeliklerden alınmıştır. Sonuçlar, 7-11 mm çapında hazırlanarak 1000 ppm IBA uygulaması yapılan çeliklerde kontrol ve diğer IBA uygulaması ve çelik çaplarına kıyasla köklenme oranı ve kök kalitesini arttırdığı ve oldukça etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Effect of Cutting Diameter and Indole-3-Butric Acid (IBA) Doses on Rooting of Blackberry (Rubus fructicosus L.

In ancient times, in China, kiwifruit was a remedy for a various health disorders (digestive disturbances, rheumatism, and dyspepsia) and in the recent past this fruit has gained worldwide popularity since consumers associated the consumption of kiwi-fruits were found to have health benefits (increase in antioxidants, decrease of lipids in blood, improvement of gastrointestinal laxation) (Singletary, 2012). Originally grown in mountainous regions of China, kiwifruit belongs to Actinidia genus and is derived from a deciduous, woody fruiting vine. Actinidia species are perennial and exhibit vigorous growth and has climbing and strangling characteristics. Only four species of Actinidia are of interest with the purpose of fruit production: chinensis (golden kiwifruit), deliciosa (green or fuzzy kiwifruit), kolomikta and arguta (baby kiwifruit) (Singletary, 2012; Peticila et al., 2012). The most widely planted kiwifruit cultivar is A. deliciosa 'Hayward' was selected in New Zeala...

Type of cutting, rooting hormone Indol-3-burtyric acid (IBA), collection time are critical factors that affect rooting development of semi-hardwood cuttings. In this study, the objectives were to determine the best type of cutting, collection times and the effect of IBA (Indol-3-burtyric acid) hormone on rooting of Turkish Tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) clone (Muradiye-10) cultivars. The cuttings were collected on 15 July and 1 August. After pre-treating with 0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm IBA, the cuttings with full leaf and half leaf cuttings were rooted in perlite medium at the unheated but mist propagated glasshouse. Semi- hardwood cuttings were exposed to the rooting media for 60 days, and then, they all were removed from media to determine the survival rate, rooting rate, root number, root length, root diameter, and root quality. In both years, the survival rates were between 65.0-98.3%; the rooting rates between 10.0-95.0%; the root numbers between 2.2-8.4; the root lengths between ...

Kivide farkli kalem asilarinin asi basarisi uzerine etkilerini arastirmayi amaclayan bu calismada, anac olarak Hayward kivi cesidinin tohumlarindan elde edilen 3 yasindaki cogur anaclari; asi kalemi olarak Hayward cesidi kullanilmistir. Asilamalar her iki yilda 15 Mart’ta yapilmistir. Calismada, dilcikli, dilciksiz, yarma, yan, kabuk alti ve makine ile yarma olmak uzere 6 farkli kalem asisi yapilmistir. Asilamadan sonra asi tutma, asi surme, surgun cap ve uzunlugu tespit edilmistir. Deneme sonucunda her iki yilin ortalamasina gore dilcikli ve dilciksiz asilardan en yuksek asi tutma (%98.34) ve asi surme oranlari (dilcikli asi %93.33 ve dilciksiz asi %90.00) elde edilmistir. Bu- tun asi tiplerinde yeterli sayilabilecek olcude surgun cap ve uzunlugu elde edilmesine karsin en yuksek surgun capi (9.09 mm) ve surgun uzunlugu (130.16 cm) dilciksiz asi- dan elde edilmistir. En dusuk sonuclar ise kabuk alti asisindan alinmistir.

We studied the effect of tying and wrapping materials and their color on budding success in kiwifruit. The work was done in the open field during 2002-2003. Three-year-old, gallon container grown Hayward seedlings were chip-budded with Hayward chip-bud sticks in the first quarter of May. Raffia (black), cannabis fiber, leathery polyethylene band (white), soft rubbery polyethylene tape (white), paper tape, cotton yarn and plastic string (white) were used as tying and wrapping material in the first experiment. Green, red, black and white raffia was used as wrapping material in the second experiment. In the first trial, the soft rubbery plastic tape gave the highest graft-take (100%), sprouting rate (96.67% and 100%, respectively to the years), graft shoot diameter (7.58 mm and 7.62 mm, respectively to the years) and length (70.43 cm and 78.01 cm, respectively to the years). Paper tape gave the lowest results. In the second trial, the white raffia gave the best results on graft success...

Bolu ilinde toplam 1.211.995 dekar alanda bitkisel uretimin yapilmaktadir. Bu alanin %17,82’si nadasa ayrilmis olup geriye kalan arazinin %78,13’unde tarla bitkileri, %3,21’inde meyve ve %0,82’sinde sebze yetistiriciligi yapilmaktadir. Cok dusuk duzeyde de sus bitkileri yetistiriciligi de yapilmaktadir. Ilin bitkisel uretim degerlerine bakildiginda toplam 728.810 ton uretim yapilmaktadir. En fazla uretim (677.559 ton) tarla bitkileri yetistiriciliginde yapilmaktadir. Bu uretim seklini sirasiyla meyve (38.062 ton) ve sebze (13.189 ton) uretimi izlemektedir. Tarla bitkileri uretiminde en onemli urun patates ve bugdaydir. Sebze uretiminde ilin ulke tarimina onemli sayilabilecek katkisi yoktur. Bunun yaninda meyvecilik bakimindan ilin cok iyi bir noktada oldugu soylenemez. Meyve turleri icerisinde en fazla elma uretimi yapilmaktadir. Ilde agirlikli olarak patates ve bugday tariminin yapilmasi ozellikle meyvecilik sektorunun olumsuz etkilemistir. Ilde ozellikle sulanabilir ozellikteki ta...

Etnobotanik, yerel halk tarafindan kullanilan, korunan ve yonetilen bitkilerin calismasidir. Yerel halkin gastronomik, medikal, dinsel ve diger amaclarla bitkilerin kullanimina yogunlasmaktadir. Etnobotanik bir yandan, cesitli bitkilerin potansiyel ekonomik degerini belirleyen diger yandan da surdurulebilir turizm pazari ile bagi olan hizla buyuyen bilimsel bir alandir. Destinasyonlarda yerel halkin kulturu ve kulturel mirasi, yerli ve yabanci turistler icin onemli bir cekim ogesidir. Gunumuzdeki ve yakin gelecekteki destinasyonlarin, mevcut bir gastronomik kultur tasidigi varsayildigindan surdurulebilir turizm olgusunda; yenilebilir bitki turlerinin ve geleneksel etnobotanik bilgisinin kullanilabilecegi acikca gorulmektedir. Son yillarda, surdurulebilir turizm anlayisinin ortaya cikmasiyla, yenilebilir bitki turlerinin geleneksel kullanimi ile gastronomi sunumlari arasindaki iliskiyle ilgili olabildigince cok bilgi toplanmasi icin farkli bilimsel calismalar yapilmistir. Bu calismad...

The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable budding methods in different apple cultivars. In this study, MM 109 was used as rootstock under field conditions. Granny Smith, Red Chief, Golden Delicious and Mondial Gala apple cultivars were used as grafting scions. The chip and T budding were grafting methods. All budding operations were done on the 25th April in 2012. Bud taking rate, bud sprouting rate, graft shoot diameter, shoot length and graft combinations were determined in this study. Bud taking and sprouting success resulted in sufficient values for all cultivars and grafting types. Also, satisfactory values for graft diameter and length shoot were obtained. The conclusion was that chip buddings were superior to T buddings; and Mondial Gala was superior to other cultivars in terms of graft shoot quality. Successful results were obtained in all grafting combinations of chip budding. The success could be attributed in chip budding that it caused the less necro...

Study on graft incompatibility in 'Fuyu' persimmon (Diospyros kaki) grafted onto different rootstocks in relation to physiological and morphological behaviors. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Tsukuba, 156 pp. Skene d. S., ShepheRd h. R., howaRd B. H. (1983). Characteristic anatomy of union formation in T-and chip-budded fruit and ornamental trees.

Nowadays, in many regions of the world face to drought problems that directly affect the agricultural production due to water deficiency or some conditions that cause the depletion of the existing water resources. In these water deficit areas, the use of wastewater for agricultural irrigation could contribute to decrease water shortage, protect surface and groundwater resources and supports the agricultural industries. In this study, in order to assess wastewater from textile industry could be used safely to irrigate ‘Golden Delicious’ apple seedlings grafted onto an MM 106 parent, a pot experiment in glass house was conducted in a sand clay loam soil (pH=7.22) from Bolu province. Municipal water (T0) prepared as a control sample, 1/3 diluted (T1) and raw textile wastewaters (T2) were applied to investigate the effects of irrigation treatments by measuring soil and leaves chemical properties. Although the Electrical Conductivity (EC) (4 dS/m) and pH values (8.5) at the end of the ex...