RNA VIRUS

drh. Sruti Listra Adrenalin, M.Sc.

3 Maret 2020
VIRUS

 Virion : kesatuan partikel virus

 F/ : mengirim genom RNA/DNA ke sel host u/ di ekspresikan (translasi, transkripsi)
o/sel host
 Kapsid : protein pelindung as. Nukleat, disandi genom
 Nukleokapsid : gab kapsid + as.Nukleat
 Kapsomer : Kapsid terbentuk dari banyak subunit protein
 KLASIFIKASI VIRUS

1. Bentuk:
 Ikosahedral, bentuk 20 segitiga sama sisi, dengan sumbu rotasi ganda. C/ virus
polio, adenovirus, picornaviridae, Calicivirade, Togaviridae, Flaviviridae,
Reoviridae, Retroviridae.
 Heliks, menyerupai batang panjang, nukleokapsid tidak kaku dalam selaput
pembungkus lipoprotein dan berbentuk heliks, memiliki satu sumbu rotasi.
Contoh :Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Filoviridae, Rhabdoviridae.
 Kompleks, struktur sgt kompleks dan pada umumnya lebih lengkap dibanding
dengan virus lainnya.
 … KLASIFIKASI VIRUS

2. Selubung
 Virus berselubung, mempunyai selubung yang tersusun atas lipoprotein atau
glikoprotein. Contoh : Poxvirus, Herpesvirus, Orthomyxovirus, Paramyxovirus,
Rhabdovirus, Togavirus, Retrovirus.
 Virus tdk berselubung, Nukleokapsid tidak diselubungi oleh lapisan yang lain hanya
memiliki kapsid (protein) dan asam nukleat. Contoh : Adenovirus, Papovavirus,
Parvovirus, Picornavirus, Reovirus.

3. Asam Nukleat
 Virus DNA Contoh : Poxvirus, Hepesvirus, Adenovirus, Papovavirus, Parvovirus.
 Virus RNA Contoh : Orthomyxoviruses, Paramyxoviruses, Rhabdoviruses,
Picornaviruses, Togaviruses, Reoviruses, Retroviruses.
 RNA vs DNA VIRUS

DNA RNA
Umumnya double stranded Single stranded
Kemampuan mutase lebih rendah Kemampuan mutase tinggi
Replikasi terjadi di nucleus Replikasi di sitoplasma
Sugar deoxyribose Sugar ribose
Stabil pd kondisi alkalin Tidak stabil
Basa: adenine-thymin (AT), cytocine-guanine (CG) Adenin-uracil (AU), cytocine-guanine (CG)
Self replicating RNA disintesis dari DNA berdasarkan kebutuhan
Bertanggung jawab terhadap penyimpanan dan transfer Secara langsung mengkode asam amino dan sebagai
informasi genetic messenger antara DNA dan ribosom untuk membuat
protein
BALTIMORE CLASSIFICATION
RNA VIRUS
KLASIFIKASI BALTIMORE

RNA VIRUS 1 RNA VIRUS 2

 dsRNA (Class III):  ssRNA (-) (Class V):
1. Reoviridae 1. Bunyaviridae
2. Birnaviridae 2. Orthomyxoviridae
 ssRNA (+) (class IV): 3. Filoviridae
1. Coronaviridae 4. Bornaviridae
2. Flaviviridae 5. Paramyxoviridae
3. Caliciviridae 6. Rhabdoviridae
4. Picornaviridae  ssRNA (RT) (Class VI):
5. Togaviridae 1. Retroviridae
 REOVIRIDAE

 Virions are nonenveloped, spherical in outline, 5580 nm in diameter.

 Virions are composed of three concentric capsid layers, all with
icosahedral symmetry; the outer capsid differs in appearance in the
various genera.
 Genome is composed of double-stranded RNA
 Cytoplasmic replication.
 Genetic reassortment occurs between viruses within each genus or
serogroup (genetic shift), along with mutation of individual genes
(genetic drift).
… REOVIRIDAE
 BIRNAVIRIDAE

 Virions are nonenveloped, hexagonal in outline, approximately 65 nm in

diameter, single shell having icosahedral symmetry.

 Genome consists of two molecules of linear double-stranded RNA.

 A single major capsid protein, and one or more nonstructural proteins (RNA
polymerase (transcriptase)).

 Cytoplasmic replication.

 Survives at 60°C for 60 min; stable at pH 3-9.

 Birnaviruses occur in chickens (infectious bursal disease virus), salmonid fish

(infectious pancreatic necrosis virus), and many species of marine fish and
shellfish (aquatic birnaviruses) as well as reptiles, crustaceans, and insects.
 CORONAVIRIDAE

 Virions are pleomorphic or spherical (Subfamily Coronavirinae) or disc-, kidney-, or

rod-shaped (Subfamily Torovirinae); 80220 nm-120140 nm in diameter. Virions are
enveloped, with large club-shaped spikes (peplomers).
 Virions have an icosahedral core structure within which is a helical nucleocapsid
(coronaviruses) or a tightly coiled tubular nucleocapsid in a doughnut (toroviruses) or
bacilliform (bafiniviruses) shape.
 The genome consists of a single molecule of linear positivesense, single-stranded
RNA, 2531 kb in size, and infectious.
 Coronavirus virions contain structural proteins: a major spike glycoprotein (S),
transmembrane glycoproteins (M and E), a nucleoprotein (N), and, in some viruses, a
hemagglutinin esterase (HE).
 Viruses replicate in the cytoplasm.
 Virions are formed by budding into the endoplasmic reticulum and are released by
exocytosis. Cell fusion may occur.
… CORONAVIRIDAE
… CORONAVIRIDAE
… CORONAVIRIDAE
FLAVIVIRIDAE

 Flavivirus, mostly arthropod-borne viruses; Pestivirus, nonarthropod-borne,

includes several veterinary pathogens; Hepacivirus, human hepatitis C virus and
several related and newly identified viruses of animals of uncertain pathogenic
significance; Pegivirus, including a group of newly identified human and
veterinary viruses of uncertain pathogenic significance.
 Virions are spherical, 4060 nm in diameter, and consist of a tightly adherent lipid
envelope covered with indistinct spikes (peplomers) surrounding a spherical
nucleocapsid.
 Genome is a single molecule of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA,
infectious.
 Cytoplasmic replication; have eight or nine nonstructural proteins and three or
four structural proteins.
 Maturation occurs on intracytoplasmic membranes without budding.
… FLAVIVIRIDAE
… FLAVIVIRIDAE
 PICORNAVIRIDAE

 Virions appear smooth and round in outline, are nonenveloped, ,30

nm in diameter, and have icosahedral symmetry.
 The genome consists of a single molecule of linear, positivesense,
single-stranded RNA, 78.8 kb in size, infectious.
 Virion RNA acts as mRNA and is translated into a polyprotein (s) 
cleaved to yield some 11 or 12 individual proteins.
 Cytoplasmic replication.
… PICORNAVIRIDAE
CALICIVIRUS

 Virions are nonenveloped, 2740 nm in diameter, with icosahedral

symmetry.
 Some virions have a characteristic appearance
 Virions are assembled from one capsid protein.
 Genome is composed of a single molecule of linear positive-sense,
single-stranded RNA, 7.48.3 kb in size, infectious.
 Cytoplasmic replication.
 Currently five genera.
 TOGAVIRIDAE

• Alphavirus, arthropod-borne viruses, and Rubivirus, rubella

virus (an exclusively human pathogen).
• Virions are spherical, enveloped, 70 nm in diameter, and
consist of an envelope with fine glycoprotein spikes
surrounding an icosahedral nucleocapsid.
• The genome is a single molecule of linear, positive-sense,
single-stranded RNA, 9.711.8 kb in size, infectious.
• The 50 two-thirds of the genome encodes nonstructural
proteins; the 30 one-third encodes the structural proteins,
• Virions contain two (or three) envelope glycoproteins E1,
E2, and E3, which form the spikes, and a nucleocapsid
protein, C.
• Replication occurs in the cytoplasm, and maturation occurs
via budding from the plasma membrane.
REFERENCES

 Amri, I,A., Qosimah, D., Nugroho, W. 2019. Pengantar Virologi Veteriner. UB

Press.
 MacLachlan, N.J., Dubovi, E.J. 2016. Fenner’s Veterinary Virology 5th Edition.
Academic Press.