Engenharia Mecânica

The aim of this work was to apply the instrument of geographic information system (GIS) to evaluate the impacts of climatic changes on the geografic distribuition of quarantine pests in Brazil, based on scenarios of greenhouse gas emitions of the Forth Assesment Report Reports of the IPCC. Towards the economic importance of brazilian agriculture and the imminent threat of climatic changes and the possible consequences on the phytossanitary dynamics on crops, became necessary the study of spatial and temporal distribuition simulations. The GIS presented itself as a powerfull implement that can be used to evaluate the probability of future damages and pest risky analysis on the country?s field. The maps of monthly projections to favorable areas to the occurrence of red palm mite (Raoiella indica Hirst) to the period of 1961-1990 and to the period of 2071-2100, A2 scenario of grennhouse gas emitions , they were elaborated using spatial operations of mathematical and logical expressions...

Viticulture in Brazil has been growing in importance in recent years. Among fungal diseases, the phomopsis (Phomopsis viticola) is one of the main diseases affecting this crop in Brazil, with important damage effects on its production. The objective of this study was to predict the favorability of incidence of the phomopsis on grape under the climatic change conditions in Brazil, based on criterions of mathematical logic associating combinations of ranges of climate variables with classes of favorability and using Geographical Information System - GIS tools. The study considered the months throughout the year of periods of 1961-1990 and 2071-2100, scenario A2 of IPCC. Mean temperature and relative humidity were the basic weather data entered in the GIS database. Leaf wetness duration was estimated from relative humidity measurements. Climatic data entered in the GIS were used to calculate and produce maps depicting the favorability of incidence of the phomopsis, through the applicat...