Asụsụ Degema
| obere ụdị nke | Asụsụ Edoid  |
|---|---|
| mba/obodo | Naijiria |
| ụmụ amaala ka | Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria), Rivers state |
| Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue | 6a Vigorous |
Dẹ 112 bụ Asụsụ Edoid nke a na asụ n'obodo abụọ dị iche iche na Degema Island na Niger Delta, Naịjirịa, site n'ihe dị ka mmadụ 120,000, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke afọ 1991 si kwuo (gụnyere ọnụ ọgụgụ projection maka obodo abụọ Dẹ 112 na asụrụ). [1] Obodo abụọ bụ Usokun Degema na Degema Town na Degema Local Government Area na Rivers State. Obodo ọlụ na asụ ụdị dị iche iche a na ọnụ ọnụ nke Dẹ 112, nke a mara site na aha obodo ndị na asụrụ ha: ụdị Usokun (asụ na Usokun Degema) na ụdị Degema Town (asụrụ n'obodo). Degema). Ụdị ahụ yiri na phonological, morphological, syntactic na semantic Njirimara.
Enweghị ụdị dị iche iche dị n'etiti ụdị abụọ nke Dẹ 112 ruo ugbu a. dị, o yiri ka e nwere akwụkwọ mmụta na nkọwa asụsụ na ụdị Usokun karịa na ụdị Degema Town.
A naghị akpọ aha Dẹ 112 "Atala" ma ọ bụ "Udekaama", dịka e kwuru n'asụsụ ụfọdụ. Atala bụ aha ọzọ maka otu n'ime obodo ndị na asụ Degema (Degema Town), na Udekama bụ aha otu ọgwụ (nke okpukpe Usokun Degema na Degema Town). N'otu aka ahụ, "Dekema" ndapụta aha ọzọ maka akara Degema dị ka ọ dị na nke maka Degema na Ethnologue. [citation needed]
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dẹ 112 bụ naanị asụsụ Niger-Congo iji kwekọọ na ndepụta ụdaume e wughachiri maka Proto-Ijoid. [2] nwere ụdaume iri, n'usoro nkwekọrịta abụọ: /i /i e a o u// na /ɪ ɛ ə ɔ ʊ/ .
Dẹ 112 nwere ụdaume iri abụọ na anọ (gụnyere ụda ụda nke egbugbere ọnụ): [3]
| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Alveolar | Mgbe e mesịrị alveolar |
Velar | Ọnụ (ized) /velar/glottal ákwà mkpuchi | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | dʒ | k | g | kp | gb | |
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋw | |||||
| Implosive | ɓ | ka | ||||||||
| Ihe na-atọ ụtọ | r | |||||||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | f | β | s | h | ||||||
| Ihe atụ | l | j | w | |||||||
Usoro ide ihe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| a | Ọchịchị | b | Ọdịdị | d | ḍ | na | ẹ | f | g |
| gb | i | ị | j | k | kp | l | m | n | nw |
| ny | ñ | o | ọ bụ | p | r | s | t | u | ụgbala |
| ụu | v | w | na | z |
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Akụkọ ọdịnala na-ekwusi ike na ndị Degema (nke bụbu akụkụ nke Engenni_people" id="mw0Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Engenni people">Ndị Engenni) si Benin (n'ihe bụ Edo State nke Naịjirịa ugbu a) kwaga Ewu na Engenni nke oge a, na mpaghara gọọmentị mpaghara Ahoada nke Rivers State. Dị ka Mark Roman (onye obodo Engenni na onye ọrụ na Mahadum Port Harcourt) si kwuo, ndị Degema nke oge a biri na Ewu (n'akụkụ Akinima) mgbe ha hapụrụ Benin na ndị ọzọ biri na Okilogua na Engenni (ọ bụghị na Akinima, dị ka a na-ekwu). Roman na-ekwusi ike na Ewu dịkwa na Okilogua. Na Ewu, e nwere nkewa nke kpọgara ụfọdụ ndị bi na Enuedua (Joinkrama) (na-emepụta otu Enuedua), ụfọdụ na Ediro (na-eme otu Ediro) na ụfọdụ na Ogua, na-emepụta otu Ogua. Ìgwè ndị a mejupụtara obodo Engenni. Roman na-ekwukwa na ndị Degema bụ ndị otu Ogua.
Nkewa nke dị n'Ewu bụ maka esemokwu maka azụ ndị mmadụ niile bi n'ebe ahụ. Ụfọdụ ndị na-etinye mmiri nke aka ha na-esi esi azụ̀ enwetaghị òkè nke ha na mmiri ahụ mgbe e risịrị nri, n’echeghị na mmiri na-ekupụ ma ọ kpọọ nkụ. Ndị ahụ e wutere ha kpebiri ịhapụ Ewu, aha ahụ Udekaama sokwa n’òtù a kpasuru iwe.
Ìgwè Udekaama gara n'àgwàetiti Degema a na-ebighị ebi n'ihe dị ka narị afọ nke 15 OA wee biri na Ipokuma ("isi ala" ma ọ bụ "ọhịa" na Dẹ 112), nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Ugbo Dọkịta. ala ahụ [4] akụkụ nke Degema Island nke dị n'akụkụ agwaetiti a na-ebighị ebi nke Abonnema (obodo na-Asụsụ Kalabari na Akuku-Toru Local Government Area of Rivers State dị. Udekaama bụ okwu nche anwụ maka otu abụọ: Usokun-Degema na Degema Town (Atala) (nke Ugu na Ekeze duziri, n'otu n'otu, bụ ndị duuru ìgwè abụọ ahụ site na Ewu gaa Ipokuma. Ekomburu (Obonoma) bụ otu n'ime ìgwè ndị mejupụtara ezinụlọ Udeka.
Ebe obibi na Ipokuma bụ tupu mbata nke Abonnema (ihe dị ka 1882) na Agbụrụ Kalabari: Na Ipokuma Ugu na Ekeze duuru Usokun-Degema na Degema Town, n'otu n'otu, n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ha dị ugbu a maka igbu azụ, ịchụ nta na ọrụ ugbo.Ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime obodo abụọ a na-ewere onwe ya (ma ọ bụ onye ndú ya) dị ka onye nọ n'okpuru nke ọzọ; ìgwè abụọ ahụ na-ewere ha dị ka ndị nweere onwe ha.
Aha 'Degema' bụ ụdị bastardized nke '''Udekaama''' (aha nke ndị na-achị ala na-ezo aka na ndị Udekaama), nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi nkwupụta ọjọọ nke Udekaam dị ka Dekema (nke, n'aka nke ya, ghọrọ Degema na akwụkwọ ndị dị n'oge ahụ. Udekaama nwekwara ike ịbụ ihe ncheta a na-anabataghị nke esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị nna ha na Ewu. Udekaam ka dị na akwụkwọ gọọmentị, ọkachasị n'ihi nkwenye nke ndị Degema na-asụ asụsụ Kalabari gbara ya gburugburu). Ndị Degema dị iche na asụsụ na ọdịbendị site na ndị agbata obi ha Kalabari (Ndị Kalabari na-asụ Kalabari, asụsụ Ijaw nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke a na-asụrụ na Akuku Toru na Asari-Toru Local Government Areas of Rivers State . [5] A na-asụkwa Kalabari n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo Degema.
Degema na-ezo aka ọ bụghị naanị n'asụsụ ndị bi na Usokun-Degema na Degema Town na-asụ, ọ na-ezokwa n'aka ndị mmadụ n'onwe ha, ala ha bi na ya na gọọmentị ha (isi ụlọ ọrụ nchịkwa nke mpaghara gọọmentị Degema).[6]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Table 1 : Population and Landmass of Rivers State, 1991 -2006 (en). ResearchGate. Retrieved on 2021-09-12.
- ↑ Archangeli & Pulleyblank, 1994. Grounded phonology, p 181ff
- ↑ Kari (2004). A Reference Grammar of Degema. Wilhelm J. G. Möhlig & Bernd Heine. ISBN 978-3-89645-047-0.
- ↑ Kari, Ethelbert E. 1995. The structure of the Degema verb. M.A. thesis, University of Port Harcourt.
- ↑ Peters, Abel S. 1981. Cases of language maintenance in the Kalabari speech community. B.A. thesis, University of Port Harcourt.
- ↑ Kari, Ethelbert Emmanuel. 2008a. Linguistic imperialism and the rise in linguistic consciousness: The Degema case. In Y. Takashina (ed.), Dynamics of Language – "Foreign Languages" as Named by Others, 25-35. Osaka: Research Institute for World Languages, Osaka University.
Ọrụ ndị e depụtara
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Kari (2011). "Degema orthography", in Tony Enyia: Orthographies of Nigerian Languages: Manual IX. Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC), 13–32.
Templeeti:Languages of NigeriaTempleeti:Volta-Niger languages